医学细胞生物学英文词汇翻译

1、-作者xxxx-日期xxxx医学细胞生物学英文词汇翻译【精品文档】医学细胞生物学专业英语词汇acrocentric chromosome近端着丝粒染色体actin肌动蛋白actin filament肌动蛋白丝actinomycin D放线菌素Dactivator活化物active transport主动运输adenine腺嘌呤adenosine monophosphate, AMP腺苷一磷酸, 腺苷酸adenyl cyclase, AC腺苷酸环化酶adhesion plaque黏着斑agranular endoplasmic reticulum无颗粒内质网Alzheimer disease阿尔

2、茨海默病amino acid氨基酸aminoacyl site, A site氨基酰位，A位amitosis; direct division无丝分裂；直接分裂amphipathic molecule双型性分子anaphase后期anchoring junction锚定连接annular granule孔环颗粒anticoding strand 反编码链antigen抗原antiparallel逆平行性apoptic body凋亡小体apoptosis凋亡assembly组装aster星体asymmetry不对称性autolysis自溶作用autophagolysosome自噬性溶酶体auto

3、phagy自噬作用autoradiography放射自显影技术autosome常染色体B lymphocyteB淋巴细胞bacteria细菌base substitution碱基替换belt desmosome带状桥粒bioblast生命小体biological macromolecule生物大分子biomembrane生物膜biotechnology生物技术bivalent二价体breakage断裂cadherin钙粘连素calmodulin, CaM钙调蛋白cAMP环一磷酸腺苷cAMP-dependent protein kinase环一磷酸腺苷依赖型蛋白激酶capping 戴帽carri

4、er protein载体蛋白cat cry syndrome猫叫综合症cell division cycle geneCDC基因cell细胞cell and molecular biology细胞分子生物学cell biology细胞生物学cell coat; glycocalyx细胞衣；糖萼cell culture细胞培养cell cycle细胞周期cell cycle-regulating protein细胞周期调节蛋白cell cycle time细胞周期时间cell determination细胞决定cell differentiation细胞分化cell division cycle

5、, CDC细胞分裂周期cell division cycle gene, CDC gene细胞分裂周期基因cell engineering细胞工程cell fractionation细胞分级分离cell fusion细胞融合cell junction细胞连接cell line细胞系cell membrane; plasma membrane细胞膜；质膜cell plate细胞板cell proliferation细胞增殖cell recognition细胞识别cell surface antigen细胞表面抗原cell theory细胞学说cell strain细胞株cell aging 细胞

6、衰老cell synchronization细胞同步化cellular oxidation细胞氧化cellular respiration细胞呼吸central granule中央颗粒centromere着丝粒chalone抑素channel protein通道蛋白chemiosmotic hypothesis化学渗透假说chiasmata交叉cholesterol胆固醇chromatid染色单体chromatin染色质chromomere染色粒chromosome染色体chromosome arm染色体臂chromosome banding染色体带chromosome disease染色体病

7、chromosome engineering染色体工程chromosome scaffold染色体支架chromosome syndrome染色体综合症cis Golgi networkcisterna（pl. cisternae）顺面高尔基网状结构扁平囊clathrin笼蛋白clone克隆coated pit有被小窝coated vesicle包被小泡coding strand编码链codon密码子codon degeneracy密码子兼并性coenzyme辅酶collagenfibronectin, FN纤连蛋白communication junction通讯连接complementati

8、on互补性condensation stage凝集期confocal laser scanning microscope共焦激光扫描显微镜connexin连接子constitutive heterochromatin结构异染色质continuous microtubules极微管converting enzyme 转变酶crista（pl. cristae）嵴cyanine胞嘧啶cyclin细胞周期素cydoeximide放线菌酮cytidine monophosphate, CMP胞苷一磷酸，胞苷酸cytokinesis细胞质分裂cytology细胞学cytoplasm细胞质cytoplas

9、m engineering细胞质工程cytoplasm substitution细胞质代换cytoplasmic plaque胞质斑cytoskeleton细胞骨架dark field microscope暗视野显微镜dedifferentiation去分化degeneracy兼并deletion缺失density gradient centrifugation密度梯度离心deoxyadenosine monophosphate, dAMP脱氧腺苷酸deoxycytidine monophosphate, dCMP脱氧胞苷酸deoxyguanosine monophosphate, dGMP脱

10、氧鸟苷酸deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA脱氧核糖核酸deoxythymidine monophosphate, dTMP脱氧胸苷酸desmosome桥粒diakinesis 终变期differential centrifugation差速离心differential expression差异性表达differentiation induction分化诱导differentiation inhibition分化抑制diplococcus pneumonia肺炎双球菌diplotene 双线期disassembly去组装DNA probe DNA探针DNA synthesis

11、phaseDNA合成期dosage compensation剂量补偿doublet二联管duplication重复effector效应器electric coupling 电偶联electron microscope电子显微镜elementary particle基粒eletronfusion 电融合elongation factor, EF延长因子embryonic induction胚胎诱导作用endocytosis内吞作用endolysosome内体性溶酶体endomembrane system内膜系统endoplasmic reticulum, ER内质网enhancer增强子enzy

12、me酶equatorial plane赤道面eucaryotes真核生物euchromatin常染色质eukaryotic cell真核细胞exocytosis 胞吐作用exon外显子extracellular matrix, ECM细胞外基质extrinsic; peripheral protein外在蛋白；外周蛋白F body荧光小体facilitated diffusion易化扩散facultative heterochromatin兼性异染色质fibrillar component原纤维成分fibronectin, FN纤粘连蛋白fibrous actin, F-actin纤维状肌动蛋

13、白flanking sequence侧翼顺序fluid mosaic model液态镶嵌模型fluorescence microscope荧光显微镜fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, FRAP荧光漂白恢复fork-initiation protein叉起始蛋白frameshift mutation移码突变free cell游离细胞free diffusion自由扩散free energy自由能galactocerebroside半乳糖脑苷脂ganglioside神经节苷脂gap junction间隙连接gene基因gene cluster基因

14、簇gene engineering基因工程gene expression基因表达gene family基因家族gene mutation基因突变genetic code遗传密码genetic message 遗传信息genome基因组genome engineering染色体工程genomic DNA library基因组DNA文库glycogen storage disease type型糖原蓄积病glycolipid糖脂glycoprotein糖蛋白glycosaminoglycan, GAG氨基聚糖glycosylation糖基化Golgi apparatus高尔基器Golgi body

15、高尔基体Golgi complex高尔基复合体granular component颗粒成分granular drop脱粒granular endoplasmic reticulum颗粒内质网growth factor生长因子GT-AG ruleGT-AG法则guanine鸟嘌呤guanosine monophosphate, GMP鸟苷一磷酸，鸟苷酸hemidesmosome半桥粒hereditary factor遗传因子heterochromatin异染色质heterogeneous nuclear RNA, hnRNA不均一核RNAheterokaryon异核体heterophagolys

16、osome异噬性溶酶体heterophagy异噬作用heteropyknosis异固缩highly repetitive sequence高度重复序列histone组蛋白holoenzyme全酶homokaryon同核体housekeeping gene管家基因housekeeping protein管家蛋白human leukocyte antigen, HLA人白细胞抗原hyaluronic acid, HA透明质酸hybrid cell杂交细胞hyperdiploid超二倍体hypodiploid亚二倍体immunofluorescence microscopy免疫荧光显微镜技术immu

17、noglobulin免疫球蛋白in vitro离体的in vivo体内的inactive X hypothesis失活X假说inborn errors of metabolism先天性代谢缺陷病inducer诱导物induction诱导inhibitor of mitotic factor, IMF有丝分裂因子抑制物initiation factor, IF起始因子inner membrane内膜inner nuclear membrane内层核膜insertion sequence, IS插入顺序Integral protein整合蛋白integrin整连蛋白inter membrane s

18、pace; outer chamber膜间腔；外室intercellular communication细胞间通讯intercristal space; inner chamber嵴间腔；内室intermediate filament中间纤维internal membrane内膜internal reticular apparatus内网器interphase间期interstitial deletion中间缺失interzonal microtubules区间微管intracristal space嵴内腔intra-nucleolar chromatin核仁内染色质intrinsic; in

19、tegral protein内在蛋白；整合蛋白intron内含子inversion倒位inverted repetitive sequence 倒位重复顺序ionic channel离子通道ionic coupling离子偶联jumping gene跳跃基因karyotype核型kinetochore着丝点kinetochore microtubules动粒微管Klinefelters syndrome先天性睾丸发育不全症lagging strand后随链laminin, LN层粘连蛋白lateral diffusion侧向扩散leading strand前导链leptotene 细线期lig

20、and; chemical signal配体；化学信号light microscope光学显微镜linear polymer线性多聚体linker连接线liposome脂质体liquid crystal液晶low density lipoprotein, LDL低密度脂蛋白luxury gene奢侈基因luxury protein奢侈蛋白lymphokine淋巴激活素lymphotoxin淋巴毒素lysosome溶酶体major histocompatibility complex, MHC组织相容性复合体malignancy恶性matrical granule基质颗粒matrix基质matr

21、ix fibronectin, mFN基质纤连蛋白maturation-prompting factor, MPF成熟促进因子medial Golgi stack高尔基中间囊膜meiosis减数分裂membrane antigen膜抗原membrane carbohydrate膜碳水化合物membrane flow膜流membrane lipid膜脂membrane protein膜蛋白membrane receptor膜受体membranous structure膜相结构messenger RNA信使核糖核酸mesosome 中间体metabolic coupling代谢偶联metacent

22、ric chromosome中央着丝粒染色体metaphase中期micelle微团microfilament微丝microscopy显微镜技术microsome微粒体microtrabecular lattice微梁网格microtubule微管microtubule associated protein, MAP微管结合蛋白microtubule organizing centers, MTOC微管组织中心microvillus微绒毛middle repetitive sequence 中度重复序列miniband微带missense mutation错义突变mitochondria线粒体

23、mitosis有丝分裂mitosis phase有丝分裂期mitotic apparatus有丝分裂器mitotic factor, MF有丝分裂因子mobility流动性model for controlling gene expression基因表达调控模型molecular biology分子生物学molecular disease分子病monopotent cell单能细胞monosomy单体性multiple coiling model多级螺旋模型multipotent cell多能细胞myasthenia gravis重症肌无力症mycoplasma支原体myofibrils肌原纤

24、维necrosis坏死neuropeptide 神经肽non-continuation不连续性non-histone非组蛋白non-membranous structure非膜相结构nonsense mutation无义突变nuclear envelope核被膜nuclear lamina核纤层nuclear matrix核基质nuclear pore核孔nuclear pore complex核孔复合体nuclear sap核液nuclear sex核性别nuclear skeleton核骨架nucleic acid 核酸nucleic acid hybridization核酸分子杂交nuc

25、leo-cytoplasmic ratio核质比nucleoid 类核体nucleoids拟核nucleolar associated chromatin核仁相随染色质nucleolar organizing region核仁组织区nucleolus核仁nucleosome核小体nucleotide核苷酸nucleosome core核小体核心nucleus细胞核nucleus transplantation核移植法nucleus-cytoplasm hybrid核质杂种Okazaki fragment岗崎片段oligomer fibronectin,oFN寡聚纤连蛋白oncogene癌基因o

26、perator gene 操纵基因operon操纵子operon theory操纵子学说organelle细胞器origin起点outer membrane外膜outer nuclear membrane外层核膜overlapping gene重叠基因oxidative phosphorylation氧化磷酸化pachytene 粗线期pairing stage配对期partial monosome部分单体partial trisomy部分三体passive transport 被动运输patching成斑现象peptide bond肽键peptidyl site, P site 肽基位；P位

27、perinuclear space核间隙perinucleolar chromatin 核仁周围染色质peripheral granule周边颗粒peripheral protein外周蛋白permeability通透性peroxisome; microbody过氧化物酶体；微体phagocytosis吞噬作用phagolysosome吞噬性溶酶体phagosome自噬体phase contrast microscope相差显微镜phenylalanine hydroxylase, PAH苯丙氨酸羟化酶phenylketonuria, PKU苯丙酮尿症phosphatidylinositol,

28、 PL磷脂酰肌醇phosphodiester bond磷酸二酯键phosphodiesterase, PDE磷酸二酯酶phosphoglyceride磷酸甘油酯phospholipase C,PLC磷脂酶Cphospholipid磷脂pinocytosis胞饮作用pinocytotic vesicle吞饮泡plasma cell浆细胞plasma fibronectin, pFN血浆纤连蛋白plasmid质粒point mutation点突变polar microtubule极间微管polarizing microscope偏光显微镜polyadenylation多聚腺苷酸反应polyploi

29、d多倍体polyribosome多聚核糖体premature condensed chromosome, PCC早熟染色体premeiosis interphase减数分裂前间期primary constriction主缢痕primary culture原代培养primary culture cell原代细胞programmed cell death 细胞程序性死亡prokaryotes原核生物prokaryotic cell原核细胞promotor启动子promotor gene 启动基因prophase前期protein蛋白质protein kinase C, PKC蛋白激酶Cproteo

30、glycan, PG蛋白聚糖protofilament原纤维protooncogene原癌基因protoplasm原生质purine嘌呤碱pyrimidine嘧啶碱receptor mediated endocytosis受体介导的内吞作用reciprocal translocation相互易位recombinant DNA technology重组DNA技术recombination nodules重组小节recombination stage重组期recondensation stage再凝集期redifferentiation再分化regulator gene调节基因release fa

31、ctor, RF释放因子replication复制replication eyes复制眼replication fork复制叉replicon复制子repressor阻碍物resolving power分辨力residual body残体respiratory chain呼吸链restriction endonuclease限制性内切核酸酶restriction point 限制点reverse transcription逆转录rho factor, 因子ribonucleic acid, RNA核糖核酸ribophorin核糖体结合蛋白ribosomal RNA核糖体核糖核酸ribosome

32、核糖核蛋白体RNA polymerase RNA聚合酶rough endoplasmic reticulum, rERsac粗面内质网扁平囊same sense mutation同义突变sarcoplasmic reticulum肌质网satellite随体scanning electron microscope扫描电子显微镜scanning tunneling microscope 扫描隧道电子显微镜secondary constriction 次缢痕secondary culture传代培养semiautonomous organelle半自主性的细胞器semiconservative r

33、eplication半保留复制semidiscontinuous replication半不连续复制sensor感受器sequential expression顺序表达sex chromosome 性染色体signal codon信号密码子signal hypothesis信号肽假说signal molecule信号分子signal peptide信号肽signal recognition particle, SPR信号识别颗粒simple diffusion简单扩散single sequence单一序列single-stranded DNA binding protein单链DNA结合蛋白singlet单管small nuclear RNA, snRNA小分子细胞核RNAsmooth endoplasmic reticulum, sER滑面内质网solenoid螺线管sparsomycin稀疏酶素sphingomyelin神经鞘磷脂spindle纺锤体splicing 剪接split gene断裂基因start codon起始密码子stem cel