外文资料翻译基于因特网的注塑模具智能设计系统

1、理工学院毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译专 业： 高分子材料与工程 姓 名： 范雅轩 学 号： 08l0603119 外文出处： science direct (用外文写) 附 件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。 指导教师评语： 翻译基本通顺，格式基本正确，基本符合要求！ 签名： 2012年 4 月18 日附件1：外文资料翻译译文 基于因特网的注塑模具智能设计系统摘要互联网和信息技术在近几年的飞速发展为支持促进不同地理分布企业的协同产品的开发提供了一个解决方案。通过开发基于因特网的协同产品开发模块的模具设计系统，我们可以找到促进注塑模具合作发展的行之有效的工具。本文介绍了注塑模具基于因特网

2、的智能设计的一种原型。该系统的架构包括一个嵌入网络环境的交互式kb模具设计系统。采用人工智能技术的java功能的方法可用来发展网络交互式计算机辅助设计系统。在这个系统中，计算模块、知识模块和模具特点图形生成模块的功能集成在一个交互式模具cad技术框架。该系统的知识基础是通过互动过程访问模具设计师而获得，这样也可以使他们自己的智慧和经验纳入总的模具设计。该方法加快了设计进程，也促进了设计的标准化，从而加快了模具制造的的速度。我们用一个实际的案例研究来说明基于互联网的模具设计系统（具体）操作。关键词：因特网 基于知识的专家系统 注塑模具设计 合作1、简介塑料，这是当今时代最多才多艺的一种材料，被广

3、泛应用在世界各地的许多产品中。由于它能够生产复杂形状的塑料部件，具有良好的尺寸精度和很短的生产周期，今天注射成型已成为塑料工业中用于制造塑料零部件最重要的工艺过程。然而，由于全球化的市场,短生命周期产品的开发,增加产品多样化、高要求的产品质量,当前塑料工业正处在巨大的压力下。为了满足上述要求，这种贸易采用各种先进的技术是非常重要的，这些技术包括信息和网络技术、计算机辅助集成技术、并行工程、人工智能等等,有效帮助了注射模压产品的发展。在注塑成型中，为满足产品质量和高效的处理模具的设计是至关重要的。在大多数情况下,模具质量负责经济学的整个过程。注塑模具设计包括广泛的关于模具元件结构和功能的经验知识

4、(启发式知识)。如今，模具设计面临的截稿压力与日俱增并且设计本身主要是基于模具设计师的经验。模具设计师应具备深入和广泛的经验,因为详细的决定需要知识的各种参数之间的相互作用。不幸的是，对于这些经验丰富的设计师来说，要满足不断升级的市场需求是不可能的。因此,智能cad工具可以协助模具设计过程中的各项任务，对于提高模具制造工业的生产效率非常重要。全球制造业的发展趋势在很大程度上是由互联网，信息技术与全球市场支撑的。如今，能够普遍地看到，设计、制造和最终产品的装配完成于座落在世界不同的地方公司。在产品开发过程中，涉及的各方面需要分享他们的专业知识和经验。当前网络的发展和信息技术可以提供一个解决方案，

5、来支持和共同促进在不同地理上分布企业的产品开发。开发一个基于因特网的智能模具设计系统，作为协同产品开发系统的一个模块，它可以提供一个有效并且可行的工具，帮助小型和中型企业中注塑模具的协同开发，从而满足当今全球市场竞争中的严格要求。本文提出了一个基于因特网的智能模具设计系统，利用互联网技术和知识为基础的办法。该系统可以缩短注塑模具的设计周期，可以有效地帮助小型和中等规模企业中注塑模具的设计和开发工作，从而缓解当前竞争激烈的世界市场中日益增长的压力。本文的其余部分组织如下：2部分简要介绍了注射模具设计；3部分介绍了前人在模具设计及相关领域的研究成果；基于互联网的模具设计系统的结构安排在第4节；5部

6、分是结论。2、注塑模具设计注塑模具的基本特征包括腔的数量和布局，进料系统，冷却系统，注射系统以及模具制造。图1显示了模具设计的一般程序。由图我们可知，如何相互关联的条件和边界条件与次级条件必须满足的主要功能。模具设计的项目通常首先要考虑经济方面，即为了满足交货日期和其他要求，我们要考虑有多少配件可以并且应该采用一模一腔的模式生产的问题。其次是考虑模腔的安排，这可能直接将便于注射的考虑在内，随后就是模具与熔体以及浇口质量（数量，位置及浇口的形状）之间的关系。进料系统容纳来自注塑成型机的注射喷嘴的熔融物料，并将其分配到各个型腔中。为了消除模制过程中产生的热量，我们有必要给模具提供一个冷却系统。当制

7、品在模腔中凝固并冷却下来之后，我们通过注喷射系统将其从模腔中顶出。模具通常是由几块金属板堆叠而形成的刚体构成的。为了妥善运作，它必须容纳各种模具配件安置在合理位置。模具结构通常涉及选择标准模架和模具配件。复杂的塑料零件，其它一些机制如幻灯片，旋转装置等等，也可能参与模具整体结构。图1 模具设计的一般程序3、相关研究许多研究已经进行了模具设计，并且多年来相关领域都在应用计算机辅助技术。这些研究活动范围从研究模具设计的专业领域到研究模具设计作为一个整体的综合性系统。我们可以将其广泛的分为三个方面：功能性和初始模具设计；该算法自动生成模具；模具设计的系统发展。惠和谭提出了基于扫描操作的启发式操作方法

8、用来开发用于确定脱模方向，分型线，侧型芯等的自动化模具设计系统。黄等人用实体造型技术建立了模具板和标准模具零件库。陈和刘已经开发出了一种成本模型，这种模型描述了成本因素和产品开发活动之间的关系以及它们与产品几何之间的关系，来对注射成型进行成本效果设计。富等人提出一种高效的方法系统介绍了侧凹特征的定义、分类、特征参数取值和注射模具设计系统中所有侧凹类型的确认条件。陈等人提出了一种对于德克赛尔模具和难于决策的脱模方向的测定方法。李吉昌提出了一种神经网络的方法来模拟和优化注塑模具浇口参数。李春雷采用基于特征的方法设计了模具成型的冷却系统。郑和李提出了注塑成型协同设计环境的一个框架，它指出各个区域分布

9、的各学科设计人员可以相互合作。马等人运用面对对象的方法对塑料注射模具设计的标准组件库的发展进行了描述。娄和李没有运用二维图纸的标准方法，而是提出了一套用三维实体模型提供初步设计的方法。ashaab等人描述了配套的塑料工程开发体系，通过互联网的注射模具协作设计，促进了注塑成型信息和知识在感兴趣的人之间的分享。李等人运用图像技术发展了一种启发式搜索算法，使得塑料注射模具冷却系统的布局设计自动操作。近年来，研究人员已经开始采用基于知识的方法来解决注塑成型及模具设计问题。dtmould-1是一个注塑模具成本估算知识库系统。eimpplan-1将可塑性纳入了配件设计的考虑之中你，并记载了注塑模具配件理论

10、设计的发展。为了注塑模具设计，我们开发了cadfeed。然而，这些限制了特殊区域或简单部分的设计，而且不够成熟，但对于一般的模具设计则足够实用了。bozdana和eyercioglu 开发了一个专家系统用来测定热塑性材料注塑成型参数。chanetal提出了一个基于知识的计算机辅助设计的基本结构来辅助注射模具设计系统，它覆盖了模具设计流程和模具知识管理。从以上的回顾可以看出，大多数以前的工作，认为只有总体设计的某些方面和其中一些太过理论化而不能应用于实际模具设计，它涉及大量关于模具功能和结构的实用知识，人类启发式知识和经验型知识。kb系统已表现出极大的潜力，协助设计师与用于概念化设计的计算机设计

11、系统相互作用，并且采用具有广泛分析手段的工程法则帮助完成最终工程模具设计。此外，对于注射模具设计在基于网络的智能系统方面仍然有相对较少的研究工作。4.基于互联网的模具设计系统的结构4.1 概述目前，大多数计算机辅助设计系统只提供几何建模功能，方便模具设计绘制草图，并不提供模具设计师必要的知识来开发优秀的模具设计。传统计算机辅助工程软件包的优势在于密集信息问题的数据处理或对密集公式化问题的数量控制。前者包括计算机辅助绘图和图形、数据减少和转变；而后者涉及数字建模与分析。然而，在设计上的问题，尤其是在模具设计中，会涉及到一个模具功能和结构的大量实用知识。因此，传统的计算机辅助设计技术不适于处理启发

12、式和经验型知识，这在模具设计问题中是至关重要的。一般来说，对于模具设计，kb系统较传统计算机辅助设计系统的优势在于它表述明确是一个知识机构的操作系统，代表着人类的智慧。基于网络的模具设计系统利用互联网技术和基于知识的方法可以提供一个有效可行的工具，帮助小型和中型企业中注塑模具的协同开发，从而满足当今全球市场竞争中的严格要求。此外，一贯需要检查和更新信息，来确保数据的准确和更新，因为模具制造商和标准元器件供应商要不断改进和升级他们的设备和工艺。通过充分利用快速发展的计算机网络和信息技术的优势，基于互联网的模具设计系统可以有能力不断的更新和升级大量关于注射模具设计的信息，这种方式迅速便捷。4.2

13、系统架构图2基于互联网的模具设计系统的结构根据实际模具设计程序和在这一阶段需要考虑的问题，推荐基于互联网的智能注射模具设计系统的结构如图2所示。它的组成是将基于知识的模具设计系统嵌入一个基于互联网的环境。模具设计通常涉及复杂和多元相关的设计问题，因此缺乏一个完整的定量化和结构化的方法。现有的方法将完整的设计问题打破成一系列子问题，并且为这些字问题的解决方案发展知识基础。所有的设计活动是有组织的七个功能模块，它们是型腔布局设计、进料设计、散热设计、模具制造、模具顶出设计、模架的选择和标准件的选择。这些模块用于生成功能设计包括型腔布局设计、进料设计、冷却回路、注射装置、模具结构和选择标准模架及配套

14、元件包括：登记环、导套、导柱、扣件等。5.结论 本文介绍了针对注射模具设计原型网络智能系统的开发。该系统架构包括一个交互式kb模具设计系统，其被嵌入一个网络环境。一个java功能的解决方案与人工智能技术结合起来是用来建立这样一个网络的交互式计算机辅助设计系统。模具设计通常涉及复杂、多元相关的设计问题并且缺乏一个完整定量而且结构化的方法。本方法将完整的设计问题分解成若干个子问题并且为这些子问题的解决方案开发基础知识。该系统可以合并为协同产品开发系统的一个模块，提供一个有效可行的工具，帮助小型和中小型企业注射模具的协同设计和开发工作，从而在竞争激烈的全球市场中满足严格的要求。 附件2：外文原文（复

15、印件）abstractthe rapid growth of internet and information technologies in recent years provides a solution to support and facilitate collaborative product developments among different geographically distributed enterprises. an effective and feasible tool to aid the collaborative development of injecti

16、on moulds can be realized by developing an internet-based mould design system as one of the modules of a collaborative product development system. this paper presents a prototype internet-based intelligent design system for injection moulds. the architecture of the system consists of an interactive

17、kb mould design system embedded in an internet environment. a java-enabled solution together with artificial intelligence techniques is employed to develop such a networked interactive cad system. in this system, the computational module, the knowledge base module and the graphic module for generati

18、ng mould features are integrated within an interactive cad-based framework. the knowledge base of the system would be accessed by mould designers through interactive programs so that their own intelligence and experience could also be incorporated with the total mould design. the approach adopted bo

19、th speeds up the design process and facilitates design standardization which in turn increases the speed of mould manufacture. a practical case study is presented to illustrate the operations of the internet-based mould design system. 2006 elsevier ltd. all rights reserved.1. introductionplastic, wh

20、ich is one of the most versatile in the modern age, is widely used in many products throughout the world. due to its ability to produce complex -shape plastic parts with go od dimensional accuracy and very short cycle times, injection moulding has become the most important process for manufacturing

21、plastic parts in the plastic industry today. however, the current plastics industry is under great pressure, due to the globalization of the market, the short life cycle of pro duct development, increasing product diversity, high demand of product quality. to meet such requirement s, it is very impo

22、rtant for this trade to adopt various advanced technologies which include information and intern et technology, cad/ cae/c am integration technology, concurrent engineering, artificial intelligence, and so on, to effectively aid the development of injectionmoulded product.in injection moulding, the

23、design of a mould is of critical importance for pro duct quality and efficient processing. in most cases, quality of mould is responsible for the economics of the entire process . injection mould design involves extensive empirical knowledge (heuristic knowledge) about the structure and functions of

24、 the components of the mould. nowadays, mould design faces with increasing deadline pressures and the design its elf is predominantly ba sed upon experience of the mould designer. mould designers are required to possess thorough and broad experience, because detailed decisions require the knowledge

25、of the interaction among various parameters.unfortunately, it is presently impossible to cover the growing demand for such experienced designers. therefore, intelligent cad tools that can assist in the various tasks of the mould design process are very important to the productivity of the mould- mak

26、ing industry.the growing trend in global man ufacturing is to a large extent supported by internet, information technologies and global marketing. nowadays, it is common to see that design, manufacturing and final assembly of a product are made in companies located in different parts of the world .

27、the various parties concerned would need to share their expertise and experiences during the product development process . the current progress of internet and information technologies can provide a solution to support and facilitate collaborative product developments among different geographic ally

28、 distributed enterprises . developing an internet-based intelligent mould design system as one of the module of a collaborative product development system can provide an effective and feasible tool to aid the collaborative development of injection moulds in the small- and medium-sized enterprises to

29、 satisfy the stringent requirements of nowadays competitive global market .this paper presents an internet-based intelligent mould design system using internet technology and knowledge- based approach . the system can shorten the design cycle of injection mould and can effectively aid the design and

30、 development works of injection moulds in the small- and medium -sized enterprises to meet the increasing pressure of the current competitive world market . the rest of the paper is organized as follows. section 2 gives a brief introducion of injection mould design. section 3 introduces earlier rese

31、arch works on mould design and related fields. the architecture of the internet-based mould design system is present ed in section 4. the knowledge-based part of the mould design system is described in section 5. section 6 discusses the development of the system. a practical design case is demonstra

32、ted in section 7. conclusion is made in section 8.2. injection mould designfig. 1. the general procedure of mould design1.the basic features of an injection mould consist of cavity number and layout , feed system, cooling system, ejection system and mould construction. fig. 1 shows the general proce

33、dure of mould design1. it can be seen that how interrelated the conditions are and which boundary and secondary conditions have to be met by the main functions. a mould design project normally starts with economic considerations , namely the question of how many parts can and should be produced in o

34、ne mould in one shot in order to meet the delivery date and other requirements. this is followed by consideration of the arrangements of the cavities in the mould frame, which might directly include thoughts on the ease of ejection and subsequentl , the connection between mouldings and runners and p

35、art quality (number , position and shape of gates). the feed system accommodates the molten plastic material coming from the injection nozzle of the moulding machine and distributes it into each cavity. to remove the heat from the moulding, it is necessary to provide the mould with a cooling system.

36、 after the moulding has solidified and cooled down, it has to be removed from the mould by the ejection system. mould is normally constructed by stacking several metal plates to form a rigid body . it has to house various mould components in correct positions for the proper functioning of the mould.

37、 mould construction normally involves the selection of mould bases an d standard mould parts . for complicated plastic parts, some other mechanisms such as slides, unscrewing device, etc., might also be involved in the whole mould structure.3. related researcha number of research activities have bee

38、n carried out on mould design and its related field over the years using computer -aided techniques. these research activities range from studying specific areas of mould design to investigating mould design as a whole integrated system. they can broadly be classified into three areas: the functiona

39、l and initial mould designs ; the algorithms to automate mould generation ; and system development of mould design. hui and tan 2 presented a heuristic search app roach based on sweep operations to develop automated mould design systems for determining parting direction, parting line, side core, etc

40、. huang et al. 3 used solid modelling techniques to build mould plates and library of standard mould components. chen an d liu 4 have developed a cost model, which depicts the relationships between cost factors and product development activities as well as their relationships with product geometry,

41、for cost-effectiveness design for injection moulding. fuetal. 5 proposed an efficient methodology which systematically presents the undercut feature definition, classification, undercut feat ure parameters, and the recognition criteria of all types of undercut features for undercut feature recogniti

42、on in an injection mould design system. chenetal. 6 presented a method for determination of parting direction based on dexelmodel and fuzzy decision -making. li jc 7 presented a neural network approach for modelling and optimization of injection mould gate parameters. li cl 8 used a feature-based ap

43、proach to design the cooling system of injection moulds . chung and lee 9 proposed a frame- work of collaborative design environment for injection moulding in which geographically distributed, multi- disciplinary designers can collaborate with one another. maetal.10 described the development of a st

44、andard component library for plastic injection mould design using an object -oriented approach. low and lee 11 introduced a methodology of providing the initial design in 3d solid model instead of 2d drawings using the standardization method. ashaabetal. 12 described a supporting plastic engineering

45、 development system to facilitate the sharing of injection moulding information and knowledge between interested parties via the internet for the collaborative design of injection mould. li et al. 13 used graph-based technique and developed a heuristic search algorithm to automate the layout design

46、of plastic injection mould cooling system. researchers have started to adopt a knowledge-based approach to solve the injection moulding and mould design problems in recent years. dt mould -1 14 is a kbs for of injection moulds cost estimation . eim pplan-1 15 incorporated mouldability considerations

47、 into part designs and addressed the conceptual design development of injection-moulded parts . cadf eed 16 was developed for injection mould design. they are, however, limited to specific design areas or simple parts, and are not mature and practical enough to cover general mould design. bozdana an

48、d eyercioglu 17 developed an expert system for the determination of injection moulding parameters of thermoplastic materials. chan et al. 18 presented the basic structure of a cad knowledge-based assisted injection mould design system which covers both the mould design process and mould knowledge ma

49、nagement. from the above review it can be seen that most of the previous work consider only certain aspects of the total design and some of them are too theoretical to be applied for practical mould design which involves a substantial practical knowledge component about functions and structure of a

50、mould, human heuristic knowledge and empirical type of knowledge. the kb system has demonstrated great potential to assist the designer to interact with a ca d system for conceptualized design as well as the final engineering design of a mould by using engineering rules of thumb with extensive analy

51、tical means. in addition, there is still relatively few research works on internet- based intelligent system for injection mould design.4. architecture of the internet-based mould design system 4.1. overviewat the present time, most cad systems provide only the geometric mo delling functions which f

52、acilitate the drafting operations of mould design, and do not provide mould designers with necessary knowledge to develop good mould designs . conventional computer-aided engineering packages are usually good at data processing for information-intensive problems or at number manipulation for formula

53、tion-intensive problems. the former comprehends the computer -aided drafting and graphics, and data reduction and transformation; while the latter involves numerical (or mathematical ) modelling and analysis. however, in design problem, especially in mould design which involves a substantial practic

54、al knowledge component about functions and structure of a mould, human heuristic knowledge and empirical type of knowledge are needed in addition to the information-intensive and formulation-intensive knowledge. therefore, conventional computer -aided design technology is unsuitable for processing h

55、euristic and empirical type of knowledge which is critical in the mould design problems. in general , the major advantage of the kb system for mould design over conventional computer-aided design systems is the explicit representation and manipulation of a body of knowledge, representing the hum an

56、expertise.an internet-based mould design system using internet technology and knowledge-based approach can provide an effective and feasible tool to aid the collaborative development of injection moulds in the small- and medium-sized enterprises to satisfy the stringent requirements of nowadays comp

57、etitive global market. moreover, there is a consistent need to check and update the information to ensure that the data is accurate and updated as mould manufacturers and standard components suppliers continually improve and upgrade their equipments and processes. by taking full advantage of the fas

58、t evolving computer network and information technologies, an internet-based mould design system could have the ability to continually update and upgrade the large amount of information related to injection mould design in a prompt and convenient manner.4.2. system architecture based on the practical mould design procedures and the issues to be considered in this stage , the architecture of an internet-based intelligent injection mould design system is proposed as shown in fig. 2 . it consis