第三课时　SectionA(GrammarFocus～4c)单元语法精讲精练

1、八年级英语下册八年级英语下册( (人教版人教版) ) Unit 2Ill help to clean up the city parks. 第三课时第三课时Section A(Grammar Focus4c) 单元语法精讲精练单元语法精讲精练 在英语中，有些动词通过在后面加上介词、副词或其他词表达特定含义， 这样的短语称为短语动词，其作用和动词差不多。有些短语动词相当于 及物动词，有些则相当于不及物动词。 短语动词的构成主要有以下几种形式： 动词介词 常见的有ask for，agree with，begin with，call on，care about，deal with ，laugh at

2、，look after/at/for，take after，work on等，这类短语动词的宾 语放在介词后。 eg：We have to look after ourselves when we are away from home. 动词副词 常见的有cheer up，clean up，fix up，give up，look up，hand in，put away/up/off/on，take off，think over，turn down/off等。这类短语动词的 宾语是名词时，置于副词前后均可；若宾语是代词，则只能置于动词和 副词之间。 eg：Turn off the light，p

3、lease./ Turn the light off，please. She looks really upset.Lets cheer her up. 动词副词介词 常见的有catch/keep up with，come up with，do well in，get on/along with，look forward to(盼望，期待)，run out of，stay away from等。这类 短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。 eg：What if you run out of all your pocket money? 动词名词介词 常见的有make fun of(嘲笑，取笑)，mak

4、e use of(利用)，pay attention to ，take care of，take part in，take pride in等。这类短语动词的宾语只能 放在介词后。 eg：You must pay attention to your spelling. be动词形容词介词 eg：My sister is good at dancing. 1动词不定式的定义 动词不定式由“to动词原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句子中 不能单独作谓语。动词不定式的肯定形式是“to do sth”；否定形式是 “not to do sth”。 2动词不定式的功能 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词

5、的特征，因此在句中可以作主语、 宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。 eg：I want to go shopping with you. 一、单项选择。 1What did you do on Earth Day this year? We _ a show to spread the message about protecting the environment.(2015，福州) Aput on Bput up Cput away 2They heard the party was _because of exam.(2015，青岛) Aput on Bput up Cput off Dp

6、ut down 3In the song I Bet My Life，the US rock band Imagine Dragon tells people never to _ catching their dreams.(2015，连云港) Agive up Bgive out Cgive in Dgive off A C A 4There are so many problems.Im so afraid. You should try to _your shyness first.Youre not a child any more.(2015，鄂州) Apick up Btake

7、away Ctake off Dget over 5Jason，would you please _ this notice? With pleasure.(2015，武汉) Aput on Bput off Cput up Dput out 6Paul made a nice cage _ the little sick bird till it could fly. Akeep Bkept Ckeeping Dto keep D C D 7When the child saw his uncle，he ran up _ hello to him. Asay Bsaid Csays Dto say 8When you leave，please turn off the light _ energy.(2015，泰安) Asave Bto save Csaving Dsaved 9_ English well，one must have a lot of practice. ASpeaks BTo speak