COPD相关英文词汇

1、-作者xxxx-日期xxxxCOPD相关英文词汇【精品文档】COPD相关英文词汇小结【精品文档】1.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢性阻塞性肺疾病2.airflow limitation气道受限3. noxious particles or gases有害物质或气体4. chronic bronchitis慢性支气管炎5. emphysema肺气肿6. excess mucus secretion粘液过度分泌7. bronchial tree支气管树8. airspaces distal气道远端9. terminal bronchioles细支气管

2、末端10. CD8 + lymphocytesCD8+淋巴细胞11. tumor necrosis factor-肿瘤坏死因子12. interleukin-8白介素813.leukotriene B4白三烯B414. pulmonary vasculature肺血管15. lung parenchyma肺实质17. proteases 蛋白酶18.antiproteases抗蛋白酶19. 1 -antitrypsin (AAT) 1 -抗胰蛋白酶20. neutrophil elastase中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶21. goblet cells杯状细胞22. mucus glands粘液腺23

3、. ciliary motility纤毛运动24. small peripheral airways外周小气道25. scarring and fibrosis结痂及纤维化26. centrilobular emphysema小叶中心肺气肿27. Panlobular emphysema全小叶型肺气肿，弥漫性阻塞性肺气肿28. respiratory bronchioles细支气管29. alveolar ducts肺泡管30. alveolar sacs肺泡囊31. pulmonary arteries肺动脉32. cor pulmonale肺心病33. sputum production咳

4、痰34. cyanosis of mucosal membranes粘膜苍白35. barrel chest桶状胸36. resting respiratory rate静息呼吸频率37. shallow breathing浅呼吸38. pursing of the lips during expiration缩唇呼气39. accessory respiratory muscles辅助呼吸肌40. COPD exacerbationCOPD急性加重41. worsening dyspnea呼吸困难加重42.increase in sputum volume咳痰量增加43.increase i

5、n sputum purulence脓痰44. chest tightness胸部紧迫感45.increased need for bronchodilators支气管扩张剂需求增加46. malaise萎靡不振46.fatigue疲惫47.decreased exercise tolerance运动耐量下降48. SPIROMETRY肺功能检查49. forced expiratory volume after 1 second (FEV1)一秒用力呼气容积50. forced vital capacity (FVC)用力肺活量51. postbronchodilator FEV 1支气管扩

6、张剂应用后FEV152. arterial blood gases (ABG)动脉血气53. inhaled medications吸入药物54. stable COPDCOPD稳定器55. Medication selection药物选择56. patient adherence患者依从性57.individual response个体药物反应58.side effects副作用59. used as needed按需使用60.on a scheduled basis常规使用61. added in a stepwise manner逐步加量62. dyspnea呼吸困难63.increas

7、e exercise capacity提高运动能力64.decrease air trapping降低气体潴留65. intermittent symptoms间断症状66. Sympathomimetics拟交感药物67. 2 -Selective sympathomimetics2受体选择性激动剂68. relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle松弛支气管平滑肌69.bronchodilation支气管扩张70.adenyl cyclaseAMP环化酶71.cyclic adenosine monophosphate cAMP72.mucociliary c

8、learance粘膜纤毛清除73. metered-dose inhaler (MDI) 定量吸入剂74.dry-powder inhaler干粉吸入剂75. nebulization therapy雾化吸入76. Albuterol沙丁胺醇77. levalbuterol左旋沙丁胺醇78. bitolterol比托特罗79. pirbuterol吡布特罗80.terbutaline特布他林81. greater 2 selectivity2受体选择性更强82. longer durations of action作用时间更长83. inhalation route 吸入途径84.oral r

9、outes口服途径85.parenteral routes肠外途径86. acute relief of symptoms缓解急性症状87. short-acting 2 -agonists短效2受体激动剂（SABA）88. Salmeterol 沙美特罗89. formoterol福莫特罗90.arformoterol阿福特罗91.long acting 2 -agonists长效2受体激动剂（LABA）92. persistent symptoms持续症状93. reductions in exacerbation frequency降低急性发作频率94. Anticholinergics

10、抗胆碱能药物95. acetylcholine乙酰胆碱96. cyclic guanosine monophosphatecGMP97. constrict bronchial smooth muscle收缩支气管平滑肌98. Ipratropium bromide异丙托溴铵99. short-acting anticholinergic agent，SAMA短效抗胆碱能抑制剂100. slower onset of action起效慢101. two puffs four times daily一次两锨，一日四次102. upward titration剂量上调103. 24 puffs/d

11、ay24锨/日104. solution for nebulization雾化吸入溶液105. dry mouth口干106. nausea恶心107. metallic taste金属味道108. anticholinergic side effects抗胆碱能副作用109. blurred vision视物不清110.urinary retention尿潴留111. tachycardia心动过缓112. Tiotropium bromide噻托溴铵113. HandiHaler噻托溴铵的干粉喷雾剂114. a single-load, dry-powder, breath-actuate

12、d device单次装量呼吸干粉吸入器115. albuterol and ipratropium (Combivent )沙丁胺醇、异丙托溴铵合剂116. Methylxanthines甲基黄嘌呤类117. Theophylline茶碱118. aminophylline氨茶碱119. inhibition of phosphodiesterase抑制磷酸二酯酶119. Nonpulmonary benefits 肺外获益120.improved cardiac function 心功能改善121.decreased pulmonary artery pressure肺动脉压力下降122.

13、interpatient variability个体差异123. objective measurements客观指标124. Subjective parameters主观指标125. Sustained-release theophylline preparations茶碱缓释制剂126. rapid-release theophylline茶碱速释制剂127. consistent serum concentrations血药浓度平稳128. switching from A to B 换药129. titrated upward缓慢加量130. trough serum concent

14、rations.谷浓度131. therapeutic range治疗浓度范围132. minimize the likelihood of toxicity减少毒性发生133. arrhythmias心率失常134. seizures癫痫发作135. cimetidine西咪替丁136.macrolides大环内酯类137.fluoroquinolone 氟喹诺酮类138.hypoxemia低氧血症136. hyperthyroidism甲亢137.phenytoin苯妥英138. phenobarbital苯巴比妥139.rifampin利福平140.capillary permeabil

15、ity毛细血管通透性141.decrease mucus降低粘液分泌142. inhibition of release of proteolytic enzymes from leukocytes抑制白细胞释放蛋白酶143.inhibition of prostaglandins抑制前列腺素144.hoarseness声音嘶哑145.sore throat嗓子疼146.oral candidiasis口腔念珠菌147. skin bruising皮肤淤青148.adrenal suppression肾上腺功能抑制149. osteoporosis骨质疏松150.cataract format

16、ion白内障151.salmeterol plus fluticasone沙美特罗联合氟替卡松152.formoterol plus budesonide福莫特罗联合布地奈德153.prevention of hospitalization避免入院治疗154.reduction in length of hospital stay减少住院日155. prevention of acute respiratory failure and death避免急性呼吸衰竭和死亡156.resolution of symptoms缓解症状157.hold their breath after actuat

17、ion of an MDI应用定量吸入剂后屏气158.prednisone泼尼松159.a tapering oral schedule逐渐减量口服治疗方案160.hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴抑制161.increased dyspnea呼吸困难加重162. increased sputum volume痰量增加163.increased sputum purulence脓痰增加164.Sputum Gram stain and culture痰染色剂培养165.chronic bacterial colo

18、nization长期细菌定植166.empiric antimicrobial therapy经验性抗菌药物治疗167.Haemophilus influenza流感嗜血杆菌168. Moraxella catarrhalis卡莫拉菌169. Streptococcus pneumoniae 肺炎链球菌170.H. parainfluenzae副流感病毒171.azithromycin 阿奇霉素172.clarithromycin克拉霉素173 second- or third-generation cephalosporin二、三代头孢菌素174.doxycycline多西环素175.Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole磺胺甲恶唑176.Amoxicillin阿莫西林176.first-generation cephalosporins一代头孢菌素177.Erythromycin红霉素178.drug-resistant pneumococci耐药的肺炎球菌179.-lactamase-p