简单长句及其翻译.doc

1、简单长句及其翻译 在翻译英文商务合同中的简单长句时， 首先要正确理解各种相关成分的逻辑关系； 然后再适 当切分，理出句子的主干成分， 翻译时以句子的主干为主导； 最后再按汉语表达习惯， 变动 语序，重新组合。这样才能连贯、准确、清晰地予以表达。下面举三个简单长句翻译的例子 来说明：1 The Buyers may， within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination ，lodge a claim against the sellers for short-weight being supported by Inspectio

2、n Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor.这是一个简单长句，其主干为The Buyers may lodge a claim 。修饰谓语动词的状语有三个，a. 分别表示时间 within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destinationb. 方式 being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor 和c. 目的 for short-weight而且状语中还有状语，作定语

3、的分词 issued 还有自己的状语 by a reputable public surveyor 。众多状语， 尽管在英语中的位置十分灵活， 然而按照汉语的行文规范， 方式状语一般应位于 动词之前；而有些状语在译文中可以灵活处理，例如本句中的时间状语，可以提前至句首。 因此，上句可译成：货物抵达目的港 15 天内，买方可以凭有信誉的公共检验员出示的检验 证明向卖方提出短重索赔。2. Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract， theBuyer shall proceed to pay th

4、e price for the goods to the Seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of USD30,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export port.此句的主干为 the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price to the Seller ，其中含有一个时间状语 within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract。从

5、语用的角度来看， 商务合同中许多时间状语表示的是某一缔约方必须在何时何地承担某一 义务和享有某一种权利， 即时效性。 因此整个句子的重心不是句子的动词， 而是发生动作的 时间。在译成中文时， 为了突出行为的时效性， 时间状语应尽量靠近表示义务责任的关键词 “须”。 此句中还含有一个较为复杂的方式状语 by opening an irrevocable L/C ，其中含有三个 介词短语作定语修饰 an irrevocable L/C 。按照汉语的行文规范，方式状语一般应位于动 词之前。此外， 若动词同时带有时间状语和方式状语时，英文的通常顺序是方式在前，时间在后，而 汉语却正好与之相反，为方式在

6、后，时间在前。因此本句可译成：买方须于本合同签字并生效后 30 天内通过出口地银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用 证支付全部货款计 30 000 美元。3. The Equipment and Material shall be carefully and properly packed in the bestand stable condition according to the figures and characteristics of the Equipmentand Material so as to withstand long-distance sea and inland

7、transportation and numerous handlings.此句的句子结构并不复杂但包含一个较为复杂的方式状语。 从语用特征的角度来看， 方式状 语通常都是规定性的， 其作用是规定合约方履行某项义务必须采取的方式或手段， 在合同的 语言环境下， 即使有关缔约方履行了合同规定的义务， 但若其履行义务的方式与合同规定的 方式不符，乃构成违约。因此，方式状语的作用通常都是比较重要的。本句可译成： 设备和原料须根据其形状和特点以完善而牢固的方式精心妥当地包装，包装须适合于长途 海、陆运输，能经受多次装卸。并列长句及其翻译由于撰写合同时不能遗漏任何可能情况， 所以英文商务合同中往往有大量

8、并列成分。 这些并 列成分包括并列的词、短语以及从句。从语用角度看，并列的平行结构使合同的句式平衡， 表意完整。 在翻译由两个或两个以上的并列单句构成的复杂长句时可以采用分句译法。 并列 长句的分句之间的语义关系比较松散，因此翻译时可以断开，分解成单句独立存在。例如：The Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Seller for compensation of losses within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination， shouldthe

9、quality of the goods be found not in conformity with the specifications stipulated in the Contract after re-inspection by the China Commodity InspectionBureau and the Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Sellers for compensation of short-weight within 60 days after arrival of the goods at

10、 the port of destination ， should the weight be found not in conformity with that stipulated in the Bill of Lading after re-inspection by the CCIB.此句由两个结构相同的并列分句组成， 均为主句在前， 条件状语在后， 在两个条件状语中均 含有时间状语，此外，两个并列分句中也都含有时间状语，均为 within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination ，译成中文时，条件状语

11、应分别置于主句 之前， 而所有的时间状语均放在各自修饰的动词的前面。同时，为了符合汉语句式较短的特点，可以将两个并列分句断开，分解成两个单句，即译成：若货物经中国商品检验局复检后发现质量与本合同之规定不符， 买方有权于货物抵达目的港后的 60 天内向卖方提出索赔。 若经中国商品检验局复检发现货物质量与提单所示重量不符， 买方有权于货物抵达目的港后的 60 天内向卖方提出短重索赔。In The Mezzanine, the wise and funny novel constructed out of everyday minutiae by Nicholson Baker, one of th

12、e wisest and funniest vignettes takes place in the office bathroom. A senior manager and a visitor are having a serious discussion of a female employee s merits in the men s room and are interrupted by an extremely loud emission from the stall-bound narrator “ a loud, curt fart like the rap of a bon

13、go drum. ” Theetxweocutives pause, just for a moment, and then pick up exactly where they left off as the bongo player tries to stifle his laughter.夹层 ,明智的和有趣的小说取材于日常琐事的尼科尔森贝克,一个明智的和有趣的小插曲发生在办公室卫生间。高级经理和客人正在严肃讨论女性雇员的优点在男子的房间,被一个非常响亮的排放从 stall-bound 旁白”一声 ,curt 屁喜欢说唱的小鼓。“两位高管停顿 , 只是一会儿 ,然后他们离开哪里停下 ,邦

14、戈球员试图扼杀他的笑声。The Mezzanine was published in 1988, and in the quarter century since, offices have made efforts to become more appealing, adding Ping-Pong tables, Wi-Fi, and even farm-to- table cafe unyou hit the bathroom, where almost nothing hass stillchanged. There have been some adjustments owing t

15、o the Americans With Disabilities Act: a wheelchair-accessible toilet, some grab bars, bigger handles on the taps. Perhaps the toilets use a little less water, particularly if the building is going for LEED certification. Apart from those nearly invisible tweaks, it 1988 in there, or even 1958 those

16、 may as well be Don Draper s feet poking under the stall door. Same bank of steel stalls, urinals for the gents, a wall of sinks, tile, overscented pinkish liquid soap. Some guy spending way too much time reading the paper as he sits. And, most of all, the same awkward interactions.夹层于 1988 年出版 ,在四分

17、之一世纪以来,办公室努力变得更有吸引力,增加乒乓球桌 ,wi -fi, 甚至从 cafes-until 你浴室 , 那里几乎什么都没有改变。有一些调整由于美国残疾人法 案：wheelchair-accessible厕所，抓斗酒吧，更大的处理在水龙头上。也许厕所用水少，尤其是建筑是 LEED 认证。除了那些几乎看不见的调整 ,它仍然是 1988 年,甚至 1958 年 这些可能是 Don Draper 的脚戳在摊位门口。 同一家银行的钢铁摊位 ，小便池绅士 ，下沉的墙 ， 砖,overscented粉红色液体肥皂。 一些人花太多时间看报纸他坐。，最重要的是，同样的尴尬的交互。There are，

18、 to be sure， exceptions. At Derek Lam， the fashion house in New York， the showroom and atelier have sleek， all-black restrooms designed by the architecture firm SO-IL. At some of the Google (GOOG) satellite offices， notably Oslo s， there are single -occupancy bathrooms with psychedelic indigo exteri

19、ors and gold-accented interiors. At Airbnb， a booming San Francisco Web startup that arranges intercity apartment shares， the women s room is outfitted in leopard- print couches and a big, framed inspirational motto ( “ LIFE IS LOVELY ” ). And at LivingSocial, the Washington (D.C.) deals-and-promoti

20、ons company, the offices sport candy colors everywhere, have nifty vintage furnishings, and were designed explicitly (says the architect, a firm called OTJ) to create a fun environment that retains employees. Some of the bathrooms are painted in those same cheery colors, and although spokesman Brend

21、an Lewis stops short of saying employees are shoving each other out of the way to get to the toilets, he allows that the designs are “ part of the inclusive nature ” of LivingSocial s culture.当然,例外是存在的。在德里克 ,在纽约时装屋 ,展厅和工作室的 ,纯黑公司 SO-IL 卫生间设计 的体系结构。的谷歌 (Google) 卫星办公室 ,尤其是奥斯陆 ,single-occupancy 浴室迷幻靛蓝

22、的外壳和 gold-accented 内饰。 Airbnb, 蓬勃发展的旧金山 Web 启动安排城际公寓股票 , 豹纹的女人的房间了沙发和一个陷害鼓舞人心的口号(“生命是可爱的ingSocia),。华盛顿(特区)deals-and-promotions公司办公室运动糖果色彩无处不在,有漂亮的古董家具,设计明确 (架构师说 ,一家名为 OTJ) 来创建一个有趣的环境 ,保留员工。一些浴室都漆成了 这些活泼的颜色，尽管发言人布伦丹刘易斯站短说员工互相推搡的去厕所，他允许,设计是“自然包容的一部分Livi ngSocial文化。These are rare deviations from the n

23、orm for one major reason.“ Typically, thebathroom is the responsibility of the landlord, as opposed to the tenant, during the buildout, i says Brad Lynch, principal of the architecture firm Brininstool +Lynch. The owner of the building is getting the rent either waymeaning, Lynchadds, that“ the land

24、lord doesn t want to do anything it doesn t have to. i Asa result, even in many rather chic offices, the bathrooms are purely functional. At One Bryant Park (the extremely glossy Bank of America (BAC) Tower that opened on 42nd Street in New York last year), the bathrooms have complex water-saving pl

25、umbing but are visually unremarkable. At 4 World Trade Center, developer Larry Silverstein s new tower, they re nicely minsimubatlle gray tiledeployedfloor to ceiling, hidden paper towel dispensers but they don t leave you piningto return.Outside of the office, bathrooms are actually having a moment

26、 restaurant designers and hoteliers are obsessed with theirs, and Zagat and other sites judge them online. “ It scurious how the trend really hasn t percolatedinto thecorporate world, i says Carlos Martinez, a principal in the architecture firm Gensler s Chicago office.“Youll find more custom bathro

27、oms in someoneshome, i agrees Florian Idenburg, the architect at SO-IL whose team designed theall- black Derek Lam bathrooms. “ It sa place where people don t want to spend an extensive amount of money and it s also something that needs to beeasy to clean. Some of this is driven, I think, by people

28、wanting to spend the least time cleaning it. i (Wall -mounted toilets, for example, are easy to mop underneath.)In addition, the durable fixtures available for commercial and office bathroomssaysare often less varied than those for the home market. So if you want something distinctive, it s an expensive custom order. “ When we did Derek Lam, Idenburg, “ we wanted some gray, but it s difficult toll tgheet saame colors once you stray from what s available. It sbeen so standardized you know, the biggest American company