直接引语变间接引语-宾语从句-公开课汇编

1、 直接引语与间接引语直接引语与间接引语 引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：引述某人的话一般采用两种形式： 一种是直接引语（一种是直接引语（direct speech), 即即原原 封不动地引用原话，把原话放在引号内封不动地引用原话，把原话放在引号内； 一种是间接引语（一种是间接引语（indirect speech)，即，即 用自己的话加以用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不转述，被转述的内容不 放在引号内放在引号内。 The boy said, I am smart. that he was smart.The boy said The butterfly said, I can fly. that

2、 it could fly.The butterfly said The teacher said, “I am preparing a lesson.” The teacher said that he was preparing a lesson. She said that she liked singing. She said that she was waiting for a bus. She said that she had never met an American. She said that she would see me the next week. SUMMARY

3、直接引语是直接引语是陈述句陈述句,变为间变为间 接引语时用连词接引语时用连词that引导的引导的宾语宾语 从句从句.从句中的人称从句中的人称,时态时态,指示代指示代 词词,时间状语时间状语,地点状语等相应变地点状语等相应变 化化. whether/if we liked singing. “Do you like singing?” He asked whether/if I was a doctor. “Are you a doctor?” He asked He asked me, “What can I do for you?” He asked me what he could do

4、for me. Mary said to Ann, “How can you do that?” Mary asked Ann how she could do that. He asked them who had given them a talk . She asked us where we were going to get off. She asked me if/whether I had seen the film. He asked John if/whether he was a doctor. SUMMARY 直接引语是直接引语是一般疑问句一般疑问句, 变为间接引语时变为

5、间接引语时,用连词用连词if或或 whether连接。连接。 直接引语是直接引语是特殊疑问句特殊疑问句, 变为间接引语时变为间接引语时,仍用原来的仍用原来的 疑问词疑问词作连词来引导。作连词来引导。 He asked me, ”Are you from Beijing?” Tom asked Ann, “Do you like apples?” Tom asked Ann if she liked apples. He asked me if/whether I was from Beijing. If vs. whether I dont know whether/if they will

6、come to help us.(一般情况下可以通用) I dont know whether or not they will come for our help.(whether or not/ whether.or not) 直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引 语时，把动词原形变成动词不定语时，把动词原形变成动词不定 式，并在动词不定前加式，并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order 等的宾语。例如：等的宾语。例如： The teacher ordered, Be quiet. The captain ordered us to be quiet. 注意：此种

7、情况的否定句，在动注意：此种情况的否定句，在动 词不定式前加词不定式前加not。 My teacher asked me, Dont laugh. My teacher asked me not to laugh. 直接引语直接引语间接引语：间接引语：人称时态变化人称时态变化 直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三 人称（一随主）人称（一随主） He said, “I am very sorry.” He said that he was very sorry. 直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对 转述人说的，转换为第一人

8、称（二随宾）转述人说的，转换为第一人称（二随宾） “You should be more careful next time,” my father told me. My father told me that I should be more careful the next time. 直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三 人称说的，转换成第三人称（人称说的，转换成第三人称（二随宾）二随宾） She said to her son, “Ill check your homework tonight.” She said to her son t

9、hat she would check his homework that night. 人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性 物主代词等，如：物主代词等，如： He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me?” He asked me whether I would go to the station with him. （1） 一般现在时变为一般一般现在时变为一般过去过去时时 （2） 现在进行时变为现在进行时变为过去过去进行时进行时 （3） 一般将来时变为一般将来时变为过去过去将来时将来时 （4）

10、 现在完成时变为现在完成时变为过去过去完成时完成时 （5） 一般过去时变为一般过去时变为过去过去完成时完成时 （6） 过去时态不变过去时态不变 直接引语直接引语间接引语：间接引语：时态的变化时态的变化 时态不变化：时态不变化： 直接引语是直接引语是客观真理客观真理 “The moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the moon moves around the earth. 直接引语是直接引语是过去进行时过去进行时，时态不变，时态不变 Jack said, “John, where wer

11、e you going when I met you in the street?” Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street. 直接引语中有直接引语中有具体的具体的过去某年、某月、某日过去某年、某月、某日 作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 Xiao Wang said, “I was born on April 2l, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980. 直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种直接引语如果

12、是一般现在时。表示一种反复反复 出现或习惯性的动作出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。，变间接引语，时态不变。 He said, “I get up at six every morning.” He said he gets up at six every morning. 如果直接引语中的如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时情态动词没有过去时 的形式的形式(例：例：ought to， had better, used to) 和和已经是过去时的形式时已经是过去时的形式时 (例：例：could, should, would, might) ，时态不再变。，时态不再变。 Peter sai

13、d, “You had better come here today.” Peter said I had better go there that day. 直接引语直接引语间接引语：间接引语：句式变化句式变化 直接引语如果是直接引语如果是陈述句陈述句，间接引语间接引语 应改为由应改为由that引导的引导的宾语从句宾语从句。 She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.” She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引语如果是直接引语如果是一般疑问句，一般疑问句，间接引语应改

14、间接引语应改 为由为由whether或或if引导的引导的宾语从句宾语从句. 但用但用陈述句陈述句 语序语序 He said, “Can you swim, John?” He asked John if he could swim. “Do you go to school by bus or by bike?” He asked me. He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. “You have finished the homework, havent you?” my mother asked. My mother asked

15、 me whether I had finished the homework. 直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该 改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句 （宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。 She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?” She asked me when they had their dinner. 直接引语如果是祈使直接引语如果是祈使句，句，间接引语应根据语气间接引语应根据语气 改为改为“tell (ask, order,

16、 beg等等) sb. (not) to do sth.”句句 型。如：型。如： “Dont make any noise,” she said to the children. 告诫语气告诫语气 She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. “Bring me a cup of tea, please,” said she.要求语气要求语气 She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 1. “I never eat meat,” he said. He said that _ never _

17、 meat. 2. “Ive found my wallet,” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet. 3. “I took it home with me,” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her. heate told hadfound his shehad taken 4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.” The teacher said that the sun _

18、in the east and _ down in the west. 5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me. He _ me that he _ met her the day _. 6. “You must come here before five,” he said. He said that I _ to go _ before five. rises goes toldhad before hadthere 7. “I bought the house 10 years ago,” he said. He said that he _ bo

19、ught the house 10 years _. 8. “Did you see her last week?” he said. He _ _ I had seen her the week _. 9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” He _ Jim that he _ sit there. had before asked whether / if before told could 10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?” He asked her mother _ _ _ found it. 11

20、. “Where have you been these days?” he asked. He asked me _ _ _been _ days. 12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked. He asked _ _ knew where she _. howshehad whereI had those if/whetherI lived 1.Did you understand_? A.what she said B.what to say C.what did she said D.how she had said 2.who can t

21、ell us_about over there? A.what they talk B.what are talking C.what do they talk D.what they are talking 3.The girl is thinking about _she will go abroad to study English next year. A.if B.what C.whether D.when 4.the teacher said that_. A.the sun moves around the earth B.the earth moved around the s

22、un C.the moon is our satellite D.the moon was our satellite A C C c 5.I dont know when he _back,Please tell him the news when he _back. A.come; will come B.comes;comes c.will come; comes D.will come; will come 6.I dont know if his uncle _.I think he _if he is free. A.will come; comes B.will come, wi

23、ll come C.comes comes D.comes ;will come 7.There is not much different between the two.I really dont know_. A.what should I choose B.which I should choose C.which should I chose D.what I choose 8.No one knows_. A.which gate we have to go B.which gate we must go C.which gate do we have to go to D.whi

24、ch gate we have to go to B B D C 9Do you know _? A. where does she live B. she lives where C. where she lives D. where she live 10. His parents wanted to know what he _at that time. A. is doing B. was doing C. has done D. will do C B 12Lilys mother looked for her for half an hour, but could not find _? what Lily was B. what was Lily C. where Lily was D. where was Lily A. C 11.We dont know _. - It is said that he