电子商务在中国的应用与发展趋势

1、Promoting Dynamic Interplay between Study and Research in ELT Practice广东外语外贸大学商务英语本科毕业论文( 200 届 )论文题目The e-commerce in Chinas catering application and （英文） developing tendency论文题目 电子商务在中国餐饮业的应用和发展趋势（中文） 学 院 继教（公开）学院 专 业商务英语班 级 自考 准考证号010110305668作者姓名 吴本虎指导老师 王 岗完稿时间 2012年3月20日成 绩 8The E-commerce in

2、Chinas Catering Application and Developing TendencyAbstract: With the social development of network technology, catering industry crossed into a new era of network E-commerce, this paper analyzes and introduces the application and developing tendency of Chinas catering. The rapid development of Inte

3、rnet technique has changed the existing pattern and management mechanism for the traditional economic activity, while the application of E-commerce could connect every business link effectively, and carry out the integration and sharing of business and information. In the future, a perfect supply ch

4、ain management mode of catering chain industry with the aid of electronic commerce will be established. It is based on the supply chain theory and characteristic of catering chain industry, which could have great significance for Chinas catering development. Key words: E-commerce;catering chain indu

5、stry;application; chain management电子商务在中国餐饮业的应用和发展趋势摘要: 随着社会网络技术的发展和进步，餐饮业跨入了网络电子的新时代，本文对餐饮业电子商务的应用和发展趋势进行了分析和介绍。网络的迅速普及和电子商务的快速发展已经改变了传统的经济管理模式，应用电子商务可以有效地把它们结合起来，大家可以一起共享信息。随着电子商务的越来越普及化，在连锁供应理论以及其特点的基础上，未来中国的餐饮业必将建立起一个连锁的供应管理模式，这将对中国餐饮业未来的发展带来不可估量的意义。关键词：电子商务；餐饮连锁企业；连锁管理 Contents1. Introduction12

6、. General Analysis of E-commerce12.1 Definition12.2 Features22.3 Benefits33. The Current Situation of Chinas Catering44. E-commerce Application in Chinas Catering74.1 Problems in the Application74.2 The Application75. The Developing Tendency of E-commerce in Chinas Catering76. Conclusion7Works Cited

7、8The E-commerce in Chinas Catering Application and Developing TendencyGuangdong University of Foreign Studies 2001 Wu BenhuTutor: Professor Wang Gang1. IntroductionAt present, chain operation has become one of the most important economic organization forms in Chinas catering industry. It has become

8、the main factor which promoted the rapid development of Chinas catering industry. E-commerce is the core technology of knowledge economy. Developing e-commerce is an inevitable choice for Chinas economy to enter the world market, participate in and ultimately penetrate the global market, then to bri

9、ng about a great rejuvenation of the Chinas nation. We must grasp this business opportunity and further extend its strength by consciously studying, applying and developing e-commerce, allowing e-commerce to serve better in societys economic development. Before we can start developing e-commerce, pe

10、ople have to understand the definition, features and benefits of e-commerce. This enables people to have a thoughtful understanding on this new technology, hence, helping to predict the trend of e-commerce in the near future. 2. General Analysis of E-commerce E-commerce is a subject which researches

11、 how to use electronic and information technology to promote the traditional business process to change profoundly. The subject is still at its infant age and is fast developing. Its theoretical system is still being constructed and perfected. This chapter introduces some basic knowledge regarding t

12、o e-commerce, which includes, basic e-commerce concepts, characteristics of e-commerce, and couples of other information which closely related to e-commerce.2.1 DefinitionAs the term suggests, e-commerce refers to various online commercial activities focusing on commodity exchanges by electronic mea

13、ns, Internet in particular, by companies, factories, enterprises, industrial undertakings and consumers.(Zhang Shiqi, 2002) A large number of well-known organizations and corporations also have their own definitions on e-commerce. For example, ISO defines e-commerce as: it is the general term for ex

14、change of information among enterprise and between enterprise and customers; the Global Information Infrastructure Committee defines it as the economical activities using electrical communications, with which people can purchase products, advertise goods and settle.The following are definitions give

15、n by transnational corporations Intel, IBM and HP respectively. Intel: E-commerce = electronic market = electronic trade = electronic serviceIBM: E-commerce = information technology = web = businessHP: E-commerce is to accomplish commercial business by electronic means.(Chen, 2002) Since e-commerce

16、is a brand new science, it is not at all surprising that there are various definitions about it. In addition, a premature uniform definition of e-commerce may slow the development of e-commerce. E-commerce shall be social, economic activities between social principal parts by taking advantages of co

17、mputers and network. According to the editor-in-chief of International Journal of Electronic Commerce, Yuan, Electronic commerce is sharing business information, maintaining business relationships and conducting business transactions by means of telecommunications networks.(Chen, 2002) He maintains

18、that in its purest form, electronic commerce has existed for over 40 years. It is originated from the electronic transmission of messages during the Berlin airlift in 1948. There are narrow-sense E-commerce concept and wide-sense E-commerce concept which is also called as e-business. E-commerce rese

19、arches how to use electronic and information technology to promote the traditional business process to change profoundly. E-commerce originated from EDI in the 1960s, and its concept formed in the 1990s. 2.2 Features Advanced digital technologys, combined with enterprises and customers of these tech

20、nologies, boost e-commerce. There are so many characteristics of e-commerce which can not be listed here one by one, so in this paper only several features of e-commerce are picked up. They will be mainly talked from four perspectives: technologically, politically, socially and economically. The deg

21、ree of advancement of the telecommunications infrastructure which provides access to the new technology for business and consumers.(Yao, 1999) Political factors include the role of government in creating government legislation, initiatives and funding to support the use and development of e-commerce

22、 and information technology. Social factors incorporate the level and advancement in IT education and training. They will enable both potential buyers and the workforce to understand and use of the new technology. Economic factors including the general wealth and commercial health of the nation and

23、the elements that contribute to it. The development of e-commerce may transform the whole social operation regulations, so it will exert much more influence on the society, no matter in depth or in scope. The significance of e-commerce is great. It can not only make people grasp radical changes of n

24、ew things, but also the root of all changes brought by e-commerce in e-times. So it can promote greater social changes.2.3 Benefits The previous sections have included discussions about what e-commerce is and its features, but what are the benefits of e-commerce? What does it offer and why do it? Th

25、e benefits of e-commerce can be seen from the effect to the three major stakeholders: organisations, consumers and society.A: Benefits of E-commerce to Organization International marketplace. What used to be a single physical marketplace located in a geographical area. But it has now become a border

26、less marketplace including national and international markets. By becoming e-commerce enabled, businesses now have access to people all around the world. In effect all e-commerce businesses have become virtual multinational corporations. The cost of creating, processing, distributing, storing and re

27、trieving paper-based information has decreased. E-commerce has revolutionised the way consumers buy good and services. The pull-type processing allows for products and services to be customised to the customers requirements. Lower telecommunications cost. The Internet is much cheaper than value adde

28、d networks (VANs). It is also cheaper to send a fax or e-mail via the Internet than direct dialling.B: Benefits of E-commerce to Consumers Enables customers to shop or conduct other transactions 24 hours a day, all year round from almost any location. For example, Customers not only have a whole ran

29、ge of products that they can choose from and customise, but also an international selection of suppliers. Another example is that customers can shop around the world and conduct comparisons either directly by visiting different sites, or by visiting a single site where prices are aggregated from a n

30、umber of providers. The e-commerce has on a large scale begun to impact the traditional pattern of trade and brought about intense changes of life style. It can be predicted that in future new concepts will spring up and the combination of electronic technologys and other ideas will give rise to new

31、 things, because electronic technology based on Internet is advancing continuously. 3. The current situation of Chinas CateringChinas catering industry realized retail sales of RMB888.68 billion in 2005, an increase of 17.7% or RMB133.6 billion more than the previous year, 4.8 percentage points high

32、er than the growth of total consumer goods retail, accounting for 13.2% of the countrys total retail of consumer goods, and presenting a contribution rate of 17.4% and pulling up rate of 2.3% to the total consumer goods retail. The industry paid a total business tax of RMB48.88 billion in the year,

33、rising 17.8% year on year.Until last year, Chinas catering market had maintained two-digit growth for 15 years running, and the growth in 2005 was 161 times more than that of 1978 when the country started the reform and opening to the outside world. According to DeFazio(2001): per capita consumption

34、 on catering increased rapidly. The spending on eating in restaurants by Chinas residents continued rising in 2005, averaging RMB680 per person, 118.4 times more than that of 1978. There were 11 provinces and regions with per capita spending on catering exceeding the national average level, of which

35、 Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Liaoning with the per capita spending exceeding RMB1,000. The per capita spending on eating out in Guangzhou, capital city of South Chinas Guangdong Province, which is famous for its cuisine, topped RMB4,160, which was 5.1 times that of the countr

36、ys average level, and ranked first in the country.Contribution rate by the catering industry was high. The contribution rate of the catering industry increased considerably to the aggregate growth of the total consumer goods retail in 2005 which is nearly to reach 17.4%, 7.2 percentage. The points a

37、re higher than that of the previous year. Analyzing the contribution rate of the industry in the 1976-2005 period, the contribution rate in the first 15 years was between 2.19-7.21%, averaging 4.91% each year. (Qin, 2001)The contribution rate in the latter 10 years between 1996 and 2005 stood at 10.

38、72-17.41%, averaging 16% each year, with contribution rate to economic growth continuing to rise. From the average index trend line, with the exception of 2004, which posed low figures because of the economic census, the index of contribution rate will continue to go up in the coming two years.4. E-

39、commerce application in Chinas Catering At present, chain operation has became one of the most important economic organization forms in Chinas catering industry, and it became the main factor which promoted the rapid development of Chinas catering industry. However, because of the universal lack of

40、software investment, there is still problems in chinas catering chain industry, such as the law level of standardization and industrialization, the deficiency of technique supporting capability, the lack of professional management. The application of e-commerce can connect every business link effect

41、ively and carry out the integration and sharing of business and information.(Wanglin,2001) The application of e-commerce supply chain based on the integration of Internet economy and supply chain have changed the stability, and it also changed the sequential information transmission way of tradition

42、al supply chain, and provided the basis for the more dynamic and extensive networks relationship of supply chain, and consequently make many enterprises enter into the supply chain alliance with lower cost.4.1 Problems in the Application There are many problems of the e-commerce application in China

43、s catering, namely: the law level of standardization and industrialization, the deficiency of technique supporting capability, the lack of professional management. Though e-commerce has been highly developed and applied in the world, while in china, it is still a brand new technique for some Chinese

44、 people. The Chinas government has not made laws of standardization and industrialization which are corresponding to the rapid development of e-commerce. In Chinas catering, the system problems of the chain supply is quite distinctive. Because of the restriction of the plan economy and the Chinas so

45、cial requirements, e-commerce in Chinas catering doesnt develop. Some developed restaurant, such as the Quanjvde, Xiaofeiyang, Donglaishun and so on, have built their own e-commerce, which mainly supply the service of ordering online, advertising the famous food of their own. (Yang Kaifu, 2004)While

46、 on the problems of purchasing and information share of the whole chain restaurant, they can do nothing. Because they can not share the information with their suppliers and the consumers. 3.2 The application The rapid development of information technology, especially the network technology and the g

47、lobalization of the Internet, has brought us into a new era. A new trade way, online trade comes into being. It breakthroughs the limitation of time and space. It completely differs from the conventional way. In the next few years, the Internet, which offers tremendous potential commercial opportuni

48、ty, will become the largest market of the world. The birth and growth of e-commerce has brought a far-reaching impact on the international trade. While some new problems arise, such as the problems of how to impose duties on the online transactions, how to guarantee the security of online transactio

49、ns, how to breakthrough the requirement of writing evidence required by law, how to verify a signature, how to transfer an electronic Bill of Lading, etc. The solving of these problems will directly promote the online transaction. Yet, since the laws always lag behind, the conventional laws have not

50、 been renewed for this new transaction. It is resulted in that many law problems derived from online transaction cannot be settled with traditional law. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the study of this new trade way and establish relevant law frame to rule e-commerce. This not only can pro

51、tect the interests of all parties in the e-commerce, but also will ensure the successful execution of e-commerce. Chain operation has become a main method of development of the catering industry. In 2005, the blind investment and low-level expansion by catering enterprises reduced significantly, whi

52、le growth of large chain enterprises, especially regular chain firms was strong. Chain operation of fast food and hot pot developed rapidly, holiday restaurants were in the ascendant, and development of take-away services accelerated. Statistics show that business turnover of large chain catering en

53、terprises especially regular chain firms increased sharply in 2005. Fast food service in eastern China achieved faster expansion than that of regular restaurants. The market share of fast food in Guangdong Province reached 90%, and that in Jiangsu, Shanghai, Liaoning, Beijing, Zhejiang and Shandong

54、exceeded 50%. On the contrary, regular restaurant service still played the main role in the catering sector in central and western parts of China except Sichuan. Retail of large chain catering enterprises accounted for more than 10% of the total retail of the local catering industry in Inner Mongoli

55、a, Beijing, Chongqing and Shanghai. Chain operation is currently a leading operating method for catering enterprises to expand. 2006 is the first year of the 11th Five-Year Programme (2006-2010). Encouraged by the state policy of increasing consumption by residents and expanding consumption demand,

56、the catering industry will make further progress in strengthening independent innovation capability, fast development of scale, industrialisation and modernisation. The catering economy will become more active than before. According to a model analysis of development of the catering industry, Chinas

57、 per capita spending on catering is expected to increase 17.6% in 2006 to reach RMB800, and the catering market will maintain a high growth of about 17% to top RMB1,040 billion in the year. The commodity economy law requires that economic resource should be optimally allocated all over the world to

58、achieve largest benefit from the limited resource. Different socio-economic conditions such as the development level of science and technology, productivity and the size of domestic market etc, all result in varying production costs in different countries. Adam Smith, the founder of the classical school of capitalist politics and economics, believes that every country will be advantageous in producing certain commodities according to its own socio-economic conditions and