中考名词专题

1、语法精讲语法精讲 名词名词 专有名词专有名词 Beijing, The Great Wall, Jim 普通名词普通名词 book, weather 考点一考点一 名词辨析名词辨析 1.语境辨析语境辨析 There are a few _ in the fridge. Lets go and buy some peas,carrots and cabbages. A. meat B. fruits C.vegetables C C 2. 近义词辨析近义词辨析 voice 人声人声 noise 噪声噪声 sound 一切声音一切声音 family 家庭家庭 ,家人家人 house房子房子 hom

2、e家家 message消息消息 news 新闻新闻 information信息信息 work工作（不可数）工作（不可数）job工作，职业（可数）工作，职业（可数） question问题问题 problem难题，问题难题，问题 Dont make any _. The boy Dont make any _. The boy is sleeping. is sleeping. A. voice B. noise C. laugh A. voice B. noise C. laugh B B 考点二考点二 名词的数名词的数 情况(规则变化) 构成方法 例词 girlgirls; pen- pens

3、 bus-buses; box-boxes watch-watches;dish-dishes baby-babies; family-families boy- boys; day-days tomato-tomatoes; hero-heroes photo-photos half-halves; wife-wives; 一般情况一般情况 以以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾结尾 以辅音字母以辅音字母+y 结结 尾尾 , 以辅音字母以辅音字母+o结尾结尾 以以f 或或fe结尾的结尾的 加加-s 加加- es 加加“es” 加加“s” 变变f或或fe为为 v再加再加es 以元音字母以元音字母

4、+o结尾结尾 变变y 为为i 再加再加-es 直接加直接加- s以元音字母加加y结尾结尾 构成方法（不规则变化不规则变化）例词 foot-feet tooth-teeth woman- women man- men mouse-mice ox- oxen child- children deer-deer fish-fish sheep-sheep 1.Chinese-Chinese Japanese- Japanese 2. Frenchman- Frenchmen Englishman- Englishmen 3. German-Germans Russian-Russians Ameri

5、cans Australians Indians 内部元音发生变化内部元音发生变化 词尾发生变化词尾发生变化 , 个别名词单复同形个别名词单复同形 表示某国人时，表示某国人时， 中日不变，中日不变， 英法变，英法变， 其他国家加其他国家加s 特殊情况特殊情况 (1)有些名词只有复数形式，如：有些名词只有复数形式，如： clothes，shorts，pants，scissors(剪刀剪刀)，goods， glasses(眼镜眼镜) (2)有些名词以有些名词以s结尾，但不是复数形式，如：结尾，但不是复数形式，如： news，physics，politics (3)有些名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词

6、，如：有些名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词，如： room(空间空间)a room(房间房间) work(工作工作)works(著作著作) watch- knife-watch- knife- boy- story-boy- story- hero- photo-hero- photo- watcheswatches boysboys heroesheroes knivesknives storiesstories photosphotos - Are those _?- Are those _? - No,they arent. Theyre _. - No,they arent. Theyr

7、e _. A. photos; pictures of China A. photos; pictures of China B. photoes; pictures of China B. photoes; pictures of China C. photos; picture of China C. photos; picture of China A A 不可数名词：（前面不能用不可数名词：（前面不能用a,ana,an等来修饰）等来修饰） 到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有：到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有： 液体类液体类: : 肉类肉类: : 粉末类粉末类： 抽象名词类：抽象名词类：

8、食食物类物类: : 返回 water：juice,tea , soup ,milk,cola,coffee, meat，beef, pork, mutton food, broccoli, rice, porridge, junk food ,tofufood, broccoli, rice, porridge, junk food ,tofu breadbread news,information,money,advice,friendship,wnews,information,money,advice,friendship,w ork,homework,housework, ork,ho

9、mework,housework, schoolwork ,help ,fun,health,priceschoolwork ,help ,fun,health,price 可用于不可数名词前表示量的词：可用于不可数名词前表示量的词： 量词量词+of，(a) little, much, some/any, a lot of , plenty of I would like to have _.I would like to have _. A.A.two glasses of milk B. two glass of milks two glasses of milk B. two glass

10、 of milks C. two glasses of milksC. two glasses of milks A A 易混淆知识：易混淆知识： news, advice, work,information,weather, pollution，food， knowledge，progress, homework 不可数不可数 message, job, suggestion,vegetable可数可数 room，wood, orange, chicken, 等词作可数与不可等词作可数与不可 数名词时意思不同数名词时意思不同 people 作作“人们人们”讲本身是复数，作讲本身是复数，作“民

11、族民族”讲讲 是单数，其复数是是单数，其复数是peoples. 考点三考点三 双重所有格 构成方法构成方法例句例句 Lindas desk the boys friends the childrens Day Lucy and Lilys mother Lucys and Lilys books todays newspaper fifteen minutes walk 表示表示时间、距离时间、距离的名词可以的名词可以 加加s 或或 构成所有格形式构成所有格形式 一般在有生命名词后加一般在有生命名词后加 s 构成构成 若以若以S结尾复数名词，则在结尾复数名词，则在S后加后加 若不是以若不是以S

12、结尾复数名词，则加结尾复数名词，则加s 表示几个人表示几个人共同的东西共同的东西，只在最后，只在最后 一个人后加一个人后加s. 表示几个人都表示几个人都分别有分别有的东西，则每的东西，则每 个都加个都加s. 表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时，表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时， 常省略所有格常省略所有格 后面的名词后面的名词 at my uncle at my uncless = at my uncle = at my uncles s home home 2.表示无生命事物的所有关系表示无生命事物的所有关系 a map of China the name of the film the cover of

13、the book 一般用一般用.of.结构来表示无生命结构来表示无生命 的名词所有格：的名词所有格： 2)名词名词+of+ 名词性物主代词名词性物主代词 1)名词名词+of +名词所有格名词所有格: a friend of Jacks la photo of Mr Smithsa photo of Mr Smiths la photo of Mr Smitha photo of Mr Smith 史密斯先生收藏的一张照片史密斯先生收藏的一张照片 史密斯先生照的一张照片史密斯先生照的一张照片 1 我老师的办公室我老师的办公室 2 学生们学生们 的练习本的练习本 3 儿童节儿童节 4 今天的报纸今

14、天的报纸 5 十五分钟的路程十五分钟的路程 6 到汤姆家去到汤姆家去 my teachermy teachers s office office studentstudents s exercise booksexercise books ChildrenChildrens s DayDay todaytodays s newspaper newspaper 15 minute15 minutes s walk = a 15-minute walkwalk = a 15-minute walk to Tomto Toms s = to Tom = to Toms s house house 7

15、 广东的省会广东的省会 8 教室的门教室的门 9 我父亲的一个朋友我父亲的一个朋友 10 他的两个兄弟他的两个兄弟 11 爱迪生的一些发明爱迪生的一些发明 12 他弟弟的一张照片他弟弟的一张照片 (照片属于他弟弟照片属于他弟弟) 13 他弟弟的一张照片他弟弟的一张照片 (照片里的人是他弟弟照片里的人是他弟弟) the capitalthe capital of of GuangdongGuangdong the doors the doors ofof the classroom the classroom a friend a friend of of my my father father

16、 (s)(s) two brothers two brothers of hisof his some inventions some inventions of Edisonsof Edisons a picture of his a picture of his brothersbrothers a picture of his a picture of his brotherbrother It is over_from Shijiazhuang to Beijing.It is over_from Shijiazhuang to Beijing. A. three hours driv

17、e B. three hours driveA. three hours drive B. three hours drive C. three hours driveC. three hours drive A A I have many friends here. Lily is _.I have many friends here. Lily is _. A. mine friend B. a friend of my A. mine friend B. a friend of my C. a friend of mine C. a friend of mine C C 考点四考点四 名

18、词作定语名词作定语 (较少考查）较少考查） lThere is one There is one toytoy factory in the city. factory in the city. lThere are two There are two toy toy factories in the city.factories in the city. (1)名词作定语，一般用单数形式。如： (2)woman, man 做定语修饰名词时，若所修饰的名词 是单数，则man 和woman用单数。若所修饰的名词 是复数，则man 和woman用复数。如： There is a There is

19、a woman teacher.woman teacher. There are three There are three women teacherswomen teachers. 大家来找茬大家来找茬 10. This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like 10. This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. it very much. A. Anne and Jane B. Annes and JanesA. Anne and Jane B. Annes and Janes C. Anne and JanesC. Anne and Janes 11. The_ park will open next week. 11. The_ park will open next week. A. childrens B. childrens A. childrens B. childrens C. childrenC. children B B B B 12. Lots of things are made of _ . We must 12. Lots of things are made of _ . We must Protect _.Pr