高考英语二轮复习第三部分 阅读理解 专题四 猜测词义类

1、二轮二轮英语英语 1.Which of the following is the nearest in meaning to “.”?1.Which of the following is the nearest in meaning to “.”? 2.What does the underlined word/sentence mean in the last 2.What does the underlined word/sentence mean in the last paragraph? paragraph? 3.What does the author probably mean

2、 by “.”?3.What does the author probably mean by “.”? 4.The underlined word “.” in the context/in Paragraph.4.The underlined word “.” in the context/in Paragraph. probably means probably means . 5.The term “.” can be best replaced by 5.The term “.” can be best replaced by . 6.The word “.” probably re

3、fers to 6.The word “.” probably refers to . 7.As used in the line.,the word “.” refers to 7.As used in the line.,the word “.” refers to . 8.According to the passage,the word “.” is known as 8.According to the passage,the word “.” is known as . . 专题四猜测词义类专题四猜测词义类 设问方式设问方式 二轮二轮英语英语 9.The word/phrase “

4、.” is closest in meaning to 9.The word/phrase “.” is closest in meaning to . 10.By saying “.”,the author means 10.By saying “.”,the author means . 11.The passage uses the word “.” to refer to 11.The passage uses the word “.” to refer to . 12.The words “.” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people 12.T

5、he words “.” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who who . 13.In the last paragraph “.” probably means 13.In the last paragraph “.” probably means . 14.According to the author,the underlined word “.” 14.According to the author,the underlined word “.” means means . 15.From the context/passage,we

6、can infer that the word 15.From the context/passage,we can infer that the word “.” means “.” means . 16.What does the (underlined) word“.”refer to?16.What does the (underlined) word“.”refer to? 二轮二轮英语英语 考点一考点一猜测词义题猜测词义题 【典例【典例1 1】 (2014(2014辽宁辽宁,B,B片段片段) ) Situation Situation Q:If I remember my frie

7、nds birthday a day late,should I Q:If I remember my friends birthday a day late,should I apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing happened? happened? A:This is the reason why the word A:This is the reason why the word belated b

8、elated was was invented.“Happy belated birthday!” is short for: invented.“Happy belated birthday!” is short for: “Well,I know I forgot,but then I remembered.Forgive me “Well,I know I forgot,but then I remembered.Forgive me and happy birthday.” and happy birthday.” 二轮二轮英语英语 27.The underlined word “be

9、lated” in Situation probably27.The underlined word “belated” in Situation probably means means . A.predicted A.predicted B.returned B.returned C.cancelled C.cancelled D.delayed D.delayed 剖析剖析:D:D猜测词义题。根据猜测词义题。根据Situation Situation 中的中的“If I remember my If I remember my friends birthday a day late”(f

10、riends birthday a day late”(如果如果“我我”晚一天才记起朋友的晚一天才记起朋友的 生日生日) )可知可知, ,此处的此处的belatedbelated应该与应该与a day latea day late相关相关, ,根据构词法根据构词法 (be+late+d)(be+late+d)也不难猜测出也不难猜测出belatedbelated在意义上与在意义上与delayeddelayed相近相近, ,故选故选D D。 二轮二轮英语英语 名师在线名师在线 利用构词法解答此类题目利用构词法解答此类题目, ,首先要熟练掌握构词法的基本首先要熟练掌握构词法的基本 知识。知识。 英语

11、中的构词法主要有三种英语中的构词法主要有三种, ,即复合法、派生法和转化法。而派生是即复合法、派生法和转化法。而派生是 很重要的一种方法很重要的一种方法, ,它是由词根、前缀和后缀组成的。词根是单词最重要它是由词根、前缀和后缀组成的。词根是单词最重要 的部分的部分, ,表达单词的基本含义表达单词的基本含义, ,在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀, ,可以用来引可以用来引 申或转变原词的意思。所以掌握各种词根、前缀、后缀等的基本含义申或转变原词的意思。所以掌握各种词根、前缀、后缀等的基本含义, ,猜猜 测所构成的新词含义就会事半功倍。另外还可利用带入验证法解题。测所构成的新词含

12、义就会事半功倍。另外还可利用带入验证法解题。 高考英语阅读理解中的猜测词义题主要集中在派生和合成两种形式高考英语阅读理解中的猜测词义题主要集中在派生和合成两种形式 上上, ,对猜测的词义可带入句子进行验证对猜测的词义可带入句子进行验证, ,看是否符合语境看是否符合语境, ,从而推测出从而推测出 答案。答案。 二轮二轮英语英语 【典例【典例2 2】 (2015(2015四川四川,D,D片段片段) ) And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by And it is not just robins that are being kep

13、t awake by artificial light.Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more artificial light.Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnalnocturnal.Dr Dominoni said,“In Glasgow where I live,gulls are .Dr Dominoni said,“In Glasgow where I live,gulls are a serious problem.I have people coming to m

14、e saying You are a serious problem.I have people coming to me saying You are the bird expert.Can you help us kill these gulls?.During the the bird expert.Can you help us kill these gulls?.During the breeding(breeding(繁殖繁殖)season,between April and June,they are very )season,between April and June,the

15、y are very active at night and very noisy and people cant sleep.”active at night and very noisy and people cant sleep.” 二轮二轮英语英语 44.What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 44.What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean? 5 mean? A.Active at night. A.Active at night. B

16、.Inactive at night. B.Inactive at night. C.Active during the day. C.Active during the day. D.Inactive during the day. D.Inactive during the day. 剖析剖析:A:A词义猜测题。根据词义猜测题。根据And it is not just robins that are And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.Blackbirds and seagulls

17、being kept awake by artificial light.Blackbirds and seagulls are also.are also.以及以及.they are very active at night.they are very active at night.可以推断可以推断, ,这这 里的里的nocturnalnocturnal应该表示应该表示“夜间活动的夜间活动的”。 二轮二轮英语英语 【典例【典例3 3】 (2015(2015广东广东,D,D片段片段) ) It was once common to regard Britain as a society wi

18、th It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction.Each class had unique characteristics.class distinction.Each class had unique characteristics. In recent years,many writers have begun to speak of the In recent years,many writers have begun to speak of the decline of classa

19、nd classless societyin Britain.And in decline of classand classless societyin Britain.And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class.middle class. But pronouncing the death of class is too early.A recent But prono

20、uncing the death of class is too early.A recent wide-ranging study of public opinion found 90 percent of wide-ranging study of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in a particular class;73 people still placing themselves in a particular class;73 percent agreed that clas

21、s was still a vital part of British percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society;and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class society;and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences.Thus,class may not be culturally and politically differences.Thus,class

22、may not be culturally and politically obvious,yet it remains an important part of British obvious,yet it remains an important part of British society.Britain seems to have a love of society.Britain seems to have a love of stratificationstratification. . 二轮二轮英语英语 42.The word stratification in Paragra

23、ph 3 is closest in42.The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to meaning to. A.variety A.variety B.division B.division C.authority C.authority D.qualification D.qualification 剖析剖析:B:B词义猜测题。根据本段提到大部分英国人认为英国社会还是词义猜测题。根据本段提到大部分英国人认为英国社会还是 存在阶级差别可知存在阶级差别可知, ,此处应该是总结本段的主题此处应该是总结本段的主题,

24、 ,由此可推出画线词正由此可推出画线词正 是是“划分划分, ,区分区分”之意。之意。 二轮二轮英语英语 名师在线名师在线 通过同义、反义关系猜测词义。在生词所在的上下文中通过同义、反义关系猜测词义。在生词所在的上下文中, , 有时会出现与之同义或反义的词语有时会出现与之同义或反义的词语, ,这时可根据熟悉的词语的含义推知生这时可根据熟悉的词语的含义推知生 词的含义。词的含义。 二轮二轮英语英语 【典例【典例4 4】 (2014(2014江西江西,D,D片段片段) ) However,at the back of the minds of many people,especially Howev

25、er,at the back of the minds of many people,especially those who miss the “good old days”,those who miss the “good old days”,efficiency comes with a efficiency comes with a priceprice.When communication becomes more efficient,people are .When communication becomes more efficient,people are able to co

26、ntact one another no matter where they are and at able to contact one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish to.The click of a button allows people whatever time they wish to.The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or see each other without even leaving miles

27、 apart to talk or see each other without even leaving their homes.With the communication their homes.With the communication gadgetsgadgets,such as mobile ,such as mobile phones and ipads,people often do not take the effort to visit phones and ipads,people often do not take the effort to visit one an

28、other personally.A personal visit carries with it the one another personally.A personal visit carries with it the additional feature of having to be in the persons presence additional feature of having to be in the persons presence for as long as the visit lasts.We cannot unnecessarily excuse for as

29、 long as the visit lasts.We cannot unnecessarily excuse ourselves or turn the other person off.ourselves or turn the other person off. 二轮二轮英语英语 71.The underlined word “gadgets”is closest in meaning 71.The underlined word “gadgets”is closest in meaning to to . A.tools A.toolsB.messagesB.messagesC.bar

30、riersC.barriersD.skillsD.skills 剖析剖析:A:A猜测词义题。根据前文的猜测词义题。根据前文的With the communicationWith the communication及后面的及后面的 such as mobile phones and ipadssuch as mobile phones and ipads可知可知A A项正确。项正确。 二轮二轮英语英语 【典例【典例5 5】 (2015(2015江苏江苏,D,D片段片段) ) Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom.Before that So

31、me 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom.Before that there was no freedom.There were great civilizations,splendid there was no freedom.There were great civilizations,splendid empires,but no freedom anywhere.Egypt and Babylon were both empires,but no freedom anywhere.Egypt and Babylon were both t

32、yranniestyrannies,one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.,one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses. 65.What does the underlined word“tyrannies”in Paragraph 265.What does the underlined word“tyrannies”in Paragraph 2 refer to? refer to? A.Countries where their people need help. A.C

33、ountries where their people need help. B.Powerful states with higher civilization. B.Powerful states with higher civilization. C.Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom. C.Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom. D.Governments ruled with absolute power. D.Governments ruled with absolute powe

34、r. 二轮二轮英语英语 剖析剖析:D:D词义猜测题。此类题目一定要结合上下文来解答词义猜测题。此类题目一定要结合上下文来解答, ,首先看画线词首先看画线词 tyranniestyrannies的同位语的同位语one very powerful man ruling over helpless one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses(masses(一个很有权势的人统治一大群无助的人一个很有权势的人统治一大群无助的人),),再分析各选项含义可知再分析各选项含义可知 D D项项“用绝对权力来统治的政府用绝对权力来统治的政府”与此意思相近。与

35、此意思相近。A A项项“人们需要帮助的人们需要帮助的 国家国家”、B B项项“具有较高文明的强有力的国家具有较高文明的强有力的国家”和和C C项项“人们享有自由的人们享有自由的 伟大帝国伟大帝国”均与词义本身相差甚远。均与词义本身相差甚远。 二轮二轮英语英语 名师在线名师在线 通过定义、解释和举例猜测词义。在一些文章中通过定义、解释和举例猜测词义。在一些文章中, ,特别特别 是新闻报道及科普类说明文中是新闻报道及科普类说明文中, ,生词后面往往用生词后面往往用that is,mean,stand that is,mean,stand for,namely,refer to,in other w

36、ordsfor,namely,refer to,in other words等或破折号、冒号引出说明性的等或破折号、冒号引出说明性的 内容内容, ,有时也用同位语、定语从句进行解释说明。还有些文章经常用例子有时也用同位语、定语从句进行解释说明。还有些文章经常用例子 来说明前面较难理解的词来说明前面较难理解的词, ,这些例子可帮助考生准确猜测生词。文章举例这些例子可帮助考生准确猜测生词。文章举例 时时, ,常常会用一些连接词常常会用一些连接词, ,如如:such as,like,for example:such as,like,for example等。等。 二轮二轮英语英语 【典例【典例6 6

37、】 (2015(2015新课标全国新课标全国,C,C片段片段) ) The fine selection of the major works was done in close The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (collaboration (合作合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in )with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid,Spain,and with Madrid,Spain,and w

38、ith contributionscontributions from other institutions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg,Florida.like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg,Florida. 31.What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph31.What does the word “contributions” in the last p

39、aragraph refer to? refer to? A.Artworks. A.Artworks. B.Projects.B.Projects. C.Donations. C.Donations.D.Documents.D.Documents. 剖析剖析:A:A词义猜测题。本段强调了对主要作品进行了精选词义猜测题。本段强调了对主要作品进行了精选(the fine (the fine selection of the major works),selection of the major works),又点明又点明contributionscontributions来自其他机构来自其他机构

40、, , 所以可推断出所以可推断出contributionscontributions应该属于应该属于worksworks的范畴。故选项的范畴。故选项A A正确。正确。 二轮二轮英语英语 【典例【典例7 7】 (2015(2015北京北京,C,C片段片段) ) The objects around you are visible because they interact The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.Light typically travels in a straight line.Bu

41、t some with light.Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter(materials slow and scatter(散射散射) light,bouncing it away from ) light,bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light,stopping it its original path.Others absorb light,stopping it deaddead in

42、its in its tracks.Both scattering and absorption make an object look tracks.Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it,so you can see it different from other objects around it,so you can see it easily.easily. 64.The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3

43、 means 64.The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means . A.silently A.silently B.gradually B.gradually C.regularly C.regularly D.completelyD.completely 剖析剖析:D :D 词义猜测题。由第三句可知词义猜测题。由第三句可知, ,一些物体使光发生了散射一些物体使光发生了散射, ,第四句第四句 中中others absorb lightothers absorb light表示其他的物体吸收光表示其他的物体吸收光, ,由此可以猜测出它们完由此可

44、以猜测出它们完 全阻止了光的传播全阻止了光的传播, ,因此这里因此这里deaddead意为意为“完全地完全地”, ,故选故选D D。 二轮二轮英语英语 【典例【典例8 8】 (2015(2015四川四川,B,B片段片段) ) Determined,Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and Determined,Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around.It didnt look that bad,and after the passed them around.

45、It didnt look that bad,and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell,it didnt first wave had shut down my ability to smell,it didnt offendoffend the nose so much,either.I took a taste.It would never win a the nose so much,either.I took a taste.It would never win a prize in a cooking com

46、petition,but it was surprisingly prize in a cooking competition,but it was surprisingly edible,and we drank up every last drop of soup!edible,and we drank up every last drop of soup! 36.What does the underlined word “offend” in the last36.What does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph

47、mean? paragraph mean? A.To attract. A.To attract.B.To upset.B.To upset. C.To air. C.To air. D.To shut. D.To shut. 剖析剖析:D :D 词义猜测题。由词义猜测题。由It didnt look that bad.it didnt It didnt look that bad.it didnt offend the nose so much,either.offend the nose so much,either.可知可知, ,炖菜看起来没那么糟炖菜看起来没那么糟也没也没 有那么有那么

48、鼻子。由关键词鼻子。由关键词eithereither可知可知, ,闻起来也没那么差闻起来也没那么差, ,因此也不因此也不 会那么会那么“刺激刺激”鼻子鼻子, ,所以所以offendoffend的意思为的意思为to upsetto upset。 二轮二轮英语英语 名师在线名师在线 通过上下文的联系猜测词义。任何一篇文章中的句通过上下文的联系猜测词义。任何一篇文章中的句 子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的, ,都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有联都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有联 系。因此系。因此, ,考生可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综考生可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索

49、进行合乎逻辑的综 合分析合分析, ,进而猜测词义。这是阅读过程中的一大关键进而猜测词义。这是阅读过程中的一大关键, ,也是近年来高也是近年来高 考考查的热点。考考查的热点。 二轮二轮英语英语 【典例【典例9 9】 (2015(2015湖南湖南,B,B片段片段) ) An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above gro

50、und and then it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt.This raised the level of the citys cover them with dirt.This raised the level of the citys streets by as much as 12 feet.streets by as much as 12 feet. This of course created a new problem: dirt practical

51、ly This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago.Building buried the first floors of every building in Chicago.Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floo

52、rs of their buildings into basements,and the second floors of their buildings into basements,and the second stories into main floors,or stories into main floors,or hoisthoist the entire buildings to meet the entire buildings to meet the new street level.Small wood-frame buildings could be the new st

53、reet level.Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.But what about large,heavy structures lifted fairly easily.But what about large,heavy structures like the Tremont Hotel,which was a six-story brick building?like the Tremont Hotel,which was a six-story brick building? 二轮二轮英语英语 63.Th

54、e underlined word “hoist” in Paragraph 4 means “63.The underlined word “hoist” in Paragraph 4 means “”. A.change A.changeB.liftB.lift C.repair C.repairD.decorateD.decorate 剖析剖析:B :B 词义猜测题。根据前文可知街道被抬高了词义猜测题。根据前文可知街道被抬高了1212英尺英尺, ,而本句后半而本句后半 部分则说全部建筑物要与街道的新高度持平部分则说全部建筑物要与街道的新高度持平, ,由此可知是抬高建筑物由此可知是抬高建筑

55、物, , 故选故选B B项。项。 二轮二轮英语英语 名师在线名师在线 有的生词词义的猜测要求利用自身的生活经验及有的生词词义的猜测要求利用自身的生活经验及 科学常识进行分析推断。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗科学常识进行分析推断。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗 习惯、宗教信仰、社会制度习惯、宗教信仰、社会制度; ;了解掌握自然知识、自然现象以及现代了解掌握自然知识、自然现象以及现代 科技知识。科技知识。 二轮二轮英语英语 考点二考点二猜测短语题猜测短语题 【典例【典例1 1】 (2015(2015新课标全国新课标全国,A,A片段片段) ) My color television h

56、as given me nothing but a headache.I My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of relatives give me money

57、 for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldnt fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into clothes that wouldnt fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later,when I buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later,when I saw newspaper advertise

58、ments for the set at seventy-five dollars saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations got it home th

59、at I would keep it on until stations signed offsigned off for the night.Fortunately,I didnt get any channels showing for the night.Fortunately,I didnt get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed. 二轮二轮英语英语 2.Which

60、of the following can best replace the phrase “signed 2.Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in Paragraph 1? off” in Paragraph 1? A.ended all their programs A.ended all their programs B.provided fewer channels B.provided fewer channels C.changed to commercials C.changed to