数据库系统概念双语教学大纲

1、教学大纲（数据库教学大纲（双语）发布时间：2016-01-10发布人：superadmin访问数量：93陕西师范大学本科计算机科学与技术、软件工程、信息管理与信息系统专业理论课教学大纲数据库原理与应用（双语）学时：72 学分：4.5课程属性：专业必修课开课单位：计算机科学学院先修课程：程序设计、数据结构、操作系统、编译原理等 一、课程的性质数据库技术是计算机科学的重要分支，也是信息领域的核心技术与重要支撑。在2002年编写的中国计算机科学与技术学科教程中，数据库课程被明确规定为计算机科学与技术学科专业的核心课程之一。数据库原理课程是一门理论性和实践性都很强的课程，具有知识体系完整、理论丰富、实

2、践性强、数据库技术发展迅速等特点。近年来，数据库技术不断发展、创新、完善，并广泛应用于社会各行各业，特别是随着Internet的发展与普及，基于网络和数据库技术的信息管理系统、应用系统得到了飞速的发展与深入广泛的应用，作为其后台与基础的数据库技术也在不断的发展中被赋予了新的能力，成为发展最快、应用最广的技术之一。目前绝大多数计算机应用都需要数据库技术的支撑，数据库已经成为计算机信息系统与应用系统的核心技术和重要基础。在该课程的教学中，不仅应教会学生数据库的知识本身，使学生能够正确理解数据库的基本原理，熟练掌握数据库的设计方法和应用技术，更应激发学生对数据库及相关知识的兴趣，培养学生独立探求新技

3、术、新方法的能力，使其成为适应能力强、并富有创造才能的专门人才。课程的深入学习对增强学生的计算机科学理论素养，提高计算机技术应用水平，培养专业素质与创新能力有明显的帮助。近年来，计算思维作为人类科学思维的基本方式之一，受到国内外计算机界的广泛关注。ACM和IEEE-CS在修订后的计算机科学教程2008（Computer Science Curriculum 2008）中明确指出应将计算思维作为计算机科学教学的重要组成部分。当前培养大学生计算思维能力已成为计算机教育的一个重要内容和热点课题，这一新课题对计算机课程教学提出了新的要求。信息化社会，培养复合型创新人才的一个重要内容，就是要潜移默化地使

4、大学生养成一种新的思维方式，即运用计算机科学的基本概念对问题进行求解、系统设计和行为理解，建立计算思维。数据库课程的知识体系完整，既有经典理论成果奠定的坚实基础，又有在实践中发挥巨大作用的先进技术，其中很多知识点都为计算思维提供了很好的诠释和生动的案例。二、教学目的课程学习的基本目标是正确理解数据库的基本原理，熟练掌握数据库的设计方法和应用技术。高级目标是通过课程学习，掌握基于数据库、数据仓库的数据分析技术，并能够将工程思维与数学思维结合起来，培养对实际应用问题的抽象和自动化能力，培养计算思维能力。三、教学内容数据库系统是对数据进行存储、管理、处理和维护的软件系统，是现代计算环境中的一个核心部

5、分。随着计算机硬件、软件技术的飞速发展和计算机系统在各个行业的广泛应用，数据库技术的发展尤其迅速，引人注目。本课程包括数据库系统、数据库设计、数据库语言和数据库系统实现等方面的基本概念，数据库系统实现的核心技术，数据库查询语言、查询优化、模式设计、数据仓库、数据库应用开发、基于对象的数据库和XML、数据存储和查询、事务管理、数据挖掘与信息检索以及数据库系统体系结构等方面的内容。四、学时分配章 课程内容学时1 Chapter 1: Introduction42 Chapter 2: Introduction to the Relational Model43 Chapter 3: Introdu

6、ction to SQL84 Chapter 4 Intermediate SQL45 Chapter 5 Advanced SQL46 Chapter 6: Formal Relational Query Languages67 Chapter 7 Database Design and the E-R Model48 Chapter 8: Relational Database Design69 Chapter 9: Application Development and Administration212 Chapter 12: Query Processing613 Chapter 1

7、3: Query Optimization414 Chapter 14: Transactions415 Chapter 15: Concurrency Control616 Chapter 16: Recovery System417 Chapter 17: Database System Architectures218 Chapter 18: Parallel Databases （选修）219 Chapter 19: Distributed Databases220 Chapter20: Data Warehousing and Mining （选修）2合计72五、教学方式本课程以课内

8、学习和信息化教学平台课外学习结合的方式，采用以多媒体教学手段为主，充分发挥多媒体教学手段信息量大的特点。本课程概念和上机操作较多，必须通过做大量的练习和上机实验来加深对概念的理解和掌握，从而达到消化、掌握所学知识的目的，提高动手能力。独立完成作业是学好本课程的重要手段。鼓励学生多做题，多看参考书籍。鼓励同学们利用丰富便捷的课程资源大力开展“自主性学习”，把课堂学习和课余钻研结合起来，以期很好地完成课程的学习任务。六、考核方式期末考试（70%）+平时作业（5%）+信息化平台课外学习（5%）+数据库系统项目设计（20%）。七、教材及教学参考书教材：1 Abraham Silberschatz, H

9、enry F.Korth, S.Sudarshan. DATABASE SYSTEM CONCEPTS（Sixth Edition），高等教育出版社，2014.7，影印版参考教材：2 杨冬青 (改编, 译者), 西尔伯沙茨 (Abraham Silberschatz) (作者), Henry F.Korth (作者), S.Sudarshan (作者), 李红燕 (译者), 唐世渭 (译者), 等 (译者). 数据库系统概念(原书第6版本科教学版)，2013.13 Jeffrey Ullman，Jennifer Widom. 数据库系统基础教程(英文版)(第3版)，机械工业出版社，第3版，20

10、08.84 郑阿奇，刘启芬，顾韵华，SQL Server数据库教程（2008版），人民邮电出版社 2012.35 闪四清，SQL SERVER 2008基础教程(高等学校计算机应用规划教材)，清华大学 2010.8八、教学基本内容及要求Chapter 1: Introduction1. 教学基本要求 A database-management system (DBMS) is a collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to access those data. The collection of data, usually

11、referred to as the database, contains information relevant to an enterprise. The primary goal of a DBMS is to provide a way to store and retrieve database information that is both convenient and efficient.Database systems are designed to manage large bodies of information. Management of data involve

12、s both defining structures for storage of information and providing mechanisms for the manipulation of information. In addition, the database system must ensure the safety of the information stored, despite system crashes or attempts at unauthorized access. If data are to be shared among several use

13、rs, the system must avoid possible anomalous results.Because information is so important in most organizations, computer scientists have developed a large body of concepts and techniques for managing data. These concepts and techniques form the focus of this book. This chapter briefly introduces the

14、 principles of database systems.本章重点：1）Database management system2）Purpose of Database Systems3）View of Data4）Data Definition Language5）Data Manipulation Language6）Data Models7）Query processor8）Transaction Management9）Database architecture10）Data Mining11）Database Administrator2. 教学具体内容说明本课程的性质，与学习其

15、他课程的关系，介绍本课程的主要教学内容，主要参考书。1.1 Database-System Applications1.2 Purpose of Database Systems1.3 View of Data1.4 Database Languages1.5 Relational Databases1.6 Database Design1.7 Data Storage and Querying1.8 Transaction Management1.9 Database Architecture1.10 Data Mining and Information Retrieval1.11 Spe

16、cialty Databases1.12 Database Users and Administrators1.13 History of Database Systems1.14 Summary3. 考核要求：1）理解：数据库常用的基本术语，包括数据库、数据库管理系统、实例、模式、物理模式、逻辑模式、子模式、物理数据独立性、数据库语言、数据库用户和DBA。2）理解：数据库系统的优点。3）理解：数据视图和数据抽象的三层结构。4）理解：数据模型，包括实体-联系模型和关系模型。5）理解：事务管理。6）理解：数据库系统的基本组成结构及存储管理器和查询处理器的作用。7）了解：数据库系统的发展历程。Ch

17、apter 2: Introduction to the Relational Model1. 教学基本要求A data model is a collection of conceptual tools for describing data, data relationships, data semantics, and consistency constraints. In this part, we focus on the relational model.The relational model, which is covered in Chapter 2, uses a coll

18、ection of tables to represent both data and the relationships among those data. Its conceptual simplicity has led to its widespread adoption; today a vast majority of database products are based on the relational model. The relational model describes data at the logical and view levels, abstracting

19、away low-level details of data storage. The entity-relationship model, discussed later in Chapter 7 (in Part 2), is a higher-level data model which is widely used for database design.The relational model is today the primary data model for commercial data processing applications. It attained its pri

20、mary position because of its simplicity, which eases the job of the programmer, compared to earlier data models such as the network model or the hierarchical model.In this chapter, we first study the fundamentals of the relational model. A substantial theory exists for relational databases. We study

21、 the part of this theory dealing with queries in Chapter 6. In Chapters 7 through 8, we shall examine aspects of database theory that help in the design of relational database schema, while in Chapters 12 and 13we discuss aspects of the theory dealing with efficient processing of queries.本章重点：1）Stru

22、cture of Relational Databases2）Keys, Foreign Key, Referential integrity constraints3）Schema Diagram4）Relational Query Languages5）Relational Operations6）Relational Algebra本章难点：Schema Diagram2. 教学具体内容2.1 Structure of Relational Databases2.2 Database Schema2.3 Keys2.4 Schema Diagrams2.5 Relational Quer

23、y Languages2.6 Relational Operations2.7 Summary3. 考核要求：1）理解：关系模型的基本概念（包括属性、域、关系、元组、元组变量；数据库模式、数据库实例、关系模式、关系实例；超码、候选码、主码、外码等）和关系数据库结构。2）熟练掌握：根据主码、外码画出数据库模式图。3）理解：关系查询语言，理解关系操作。4）掌握：用关系代数表达查询要求。Chapter 3: Introduction to SQL1. 教学基本要求There are a number of database query languages in use, either commerc

24、ially or experimentally. In this chapter, as well as in Chapters 4 and 5, we study the most widely used query language, SQL.Although we refer to the SQL language as a “query language,” it can do much more than just query a database. It can define the structure of the data, modify data in the databas

25、e, and specify security constraints.It is not our intention to provide a complete users guide for SQL. Rather, we present SQLs fundamental constructs and concepts. Individual implementations of SQL may differ in details, or may support only a subset of the full language.。本章重点：1）SQL Data Definition2）

26、SQL Query Structure3）Natural join operation4）Correlation name (Correlation variable, tuple variable)5）Set operations6）Null Values7）Aggregation functions8）Nested Sub-queries9）Scalar Sub-queries10）Database Modification本章难点：1）Null Values2）Aggregation function group by3）Nested Sub-queries2. 教学具体内容3.1 Ov

27、erview of the SQL Query Language3.2 SQL Data Definition3.3 Basic Structure of SQL Queries3.4 Additional Basic Operations3.5 Set Operations3.6 Null Values3.7 Aggregate Functions3.8 Nested Sub-queries3.9 Modification of the Database3.10 Summary3. 考核要求：1熟练掌握：定义基本表。2熟练掌握：用SQL语句表达单表查询、连接查询。3熟练掌握：用SQL语句表达

28、涉及查询结果排序、分组处理的查询。4熟练掌握：用SQL语句表达数据的更新。5基本掌握：用SQL语句表达嵌套查询。6理解：空值的概念。Chapter 4 Intermediate SQL1. 教学基本要求In this chapter, we continue our study of SQL. We consider more complex forms of SQL queries, view definition, transactions, integrity constraints, more details regarding SQL data definition, and aut

29、horization.本章重点：1）Join types2）View definition3）View update4）Integrity Constraints5）Authorization本章难点：View update2. 教学具体内容4.1 Join Expressions4.2 Views4.3 Transactions4.4 Integrity Constraints4.5 SQL Data Types and Sachems4.6 Authorization4.7 Summary3. 考核要求：1）熟练掌握：外联查询。2）熟练掌握：视图定义和查询。3）熟练掌握：完整性限制定义。4

30、）熟练掌握：授权和回收。5）基本掌握：视图更新。Chapter 5 Advanced SQL1. 教学基本要求In Chapters 3 and 4, we provided detailed coverage of the basic structure of SQL. In this chapter, we cover some of the more advanced features of SQL.1 We address the issue of how to access SQL from a general-purpose programming language, which

31、is very important for building applications that use a database to store and retrieve data. We describe how procedural code can be executed within the database, either by extending the SQL language to support procedural actions, or by allowing functions defined in procedural languages to be executed

32、 within the database. We describe triggers, which can be used to specify actions that are to be carried out automatically on certain events such as insertion, deletion, or update of duple in a specified relation. We discuss recursive queries and advanced aggregation features supported by SQL. Finall

33、y, we describe online analytic processing (OLAP) systems, which support interactive analysis of very large data-sets.本章重点和难点：1）Embedded SQL2）Dynamic SQL3）SQL functions4）Stored procedures5）Triggers2. 教学具体内容5.1 Accessing SQL From a Programming Language5.2 Functions and Procedures5.3 Triggers5.4 Recurs

34、ive Queries*5.5 Advanced Aggregation Features*5.6 OLAP*5.7 Summary3. 考核要求：1）掌握：嵌入式SQL语句。2）理解：动态SQL语句。3）基本掌握：函数和过程。4）基本掌握：触发器。Chapter 6: Formal Relational Query Languages1. 教学基本要求In Chapters 2 through 5 we introduced the relational model and covered SQL in great detail. In this chapter we present the

35、 formal model upon which SQL as well as other relational query languages are based.We cover three formal languages. We start by presenting the relational algebra, which forms the basis of the widely used SQL query language. We then cover the tuple relational calculus and the domain relational calcul

36、us, which are declarative query languages based on mathematical logic.本章重点：1）Relational Algebra operations2）Outer join3）Grouping4）Duple Relational Calculus5）Domain Relational本章难点：1）Division operations2）Duple Relational Calculus2. 教学具体内容6.1 The Relational Algebra6.2 The Duple Relational Calculus6.3 T

37、he Domain Relational6.4 Summary3. 考核要求：1）熟练掌握：用关系代数表达查询。 2）基本掌握：用元组关系演算表达查询。Chapter 7 Database Design and the E-R Model1. 教学基本要求Up to this point in the text, we have assumed a given database schema and studied how queries and updates are expressed. We now consider how to design a database schema in

38、the first place. In this chapter, we focus on the entity relationship data model (E-R), which provides a means of identifying entities to be represented in the database and how those entities are related. Ultimately, the database design will be expressed in terms of a relational database design and

39、an associated set of constraints. We show in this chapter how an E-R design can be transformed into a set of relation sachems and how some of the constraints can be captured in that design. Then, in Chapter 8, we consider in detail whether aset of relation sachems is a good or bad database design an

40、d study the process of creating good designs using a broader set of constraints. These two chapters cover the fundamental concepts of database design.本章重点：1）Entity and entity sets2）Relationship and Relationship Sets3）E-R Diagram4）Mapping Cardinality5）UNL2. 教学具体内容7.1 Overview of the Design Process7.2

41、 The Entity-Relationship Model7.3 Constraints7.4 Removing Redundant Attributes in Entity Sets7.5 Entity-Relationship Diagrams7.6 Reduction to Relational Schema7.7 Entity-Relationship Design Issues7.8 Extended E-R Features7.9 Alternative Notations for Modeling Data7.10 Other Aspects of Database Desig

42、n7.11 Summary3. 考核要求：1）理解：实体-联系模型的基本概念。2）熟练掌握：实体-联系模型（E-R图的表示方法）。3）了解：标准建模语言UML。Chapter 8: Relational Database Design1. 教学基本要求In this chapter, we consider the problem of designing a schema for a relational database. Many of the issues in doing so are similar to design issues we considered in Chapter

43、 7 using the E-R model.In general, the goal of relational database design is to generate a set of relation sachems that allows us to store information without unnecessary redundancy, yet also allows us to retrieve information easily. This is accomplished by designing sachems that are in an appropria

44、te normal form. To determine whether a relation schema is in one of the desirable normal forms, we need information about the real-world enterprise that we are modeling with the database. Some of this information exists in a well-designed E-R diagram, but additional information about the enterprise

45、may be needed as well.In this chapter, we introduce a formal approach to relational database design based on the notion of functional dependencies. We then define normal forms in terms of functional dependencies and other types of data dependencies. First, however, we view the problem of relational

46、design from the standpoint of the sachems derived from a given entity-relationship design.本章重点：1）Normalization2）Decomposition3）Functional dependencies4）Lossless decomposition5）First Normal Form (1NF)6）Second Normal Form (2NF)7）Third Normal Form (3NF)8）Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)9）Dependency preser

47、vation10）Closure of a set of functional dependencies11）Armstrongs axioms12）Closure of attribute sets13）Canonical cover14）BCNF decomposition algorithms15）3NF decomposition algorithms16）Multivariate Dependencies and Fourth Normal Form (4NF)本章难点：1）Closure of a set of functional dependencies2）Armstrongs

48、 axioms3）Canonical cover4）BCNF decomposition algorithms5）3NF decomposition algorithms6）Multivalued Dependencies and Fourth Normal Form (4NF)2. 教学具体内容8.1 Features of Good Relational Designs8.2 Atomic Domains and First Normal Form8.3 Decomposition Using Functional Dependencies8.4 Functional-Dependency

49、 Theory8.5 Algorithms for Decomposition8.6 Decomposition Using Multivariate Dependencies8.7 More Normal Forms8.8 Database-Design Process8.9 Modeling Temporal Data8.10 Summary3. 考核要求：1）理解：1NF范式、3NF范式、BCNF范式、4NF范式的概念；函数依赖、平凡函数依赖、多值函数依赖的概念；函数依赖的闭包；Armstrong公理；关系分解、无损连接分解、函数依赖保持分解的概念。2）熟练掌握：BCNF分解算法、3NF

50、分解算法。3）熟练掌握：属性集闭包的求解算法、关系候选码的求解方法、最小函数依赖（canonical cover）的求解方法。4）掌握：数据库设计的全过程。Chapter 9: Application Development and Administration1. 教学基本要求In this chapter, we study tools and technologies that are used to build applications, focusing on interactive applications that use databases to store data.Afte

51、r an introduction to application programs and user interfaces in Section 9.1, we focus on developing applications with Web-based interfaces. We start with an overview of Web technologies in Section 9.2, and discuss the Java Servlets technology, which is widely used for building Web applications, in

52、Section 9.3. A short overview of Web application architectures in presented Section 9.4. In Section 9.5, we discuss tools for rapid application development, while in Section 9.6 we cover performance issues in building large Web applications. In Section 9.7, we discuss issues in application security.

53、 We conclude the chapter with Section 9.8, which covers encryption and its use in applications.2本章重点： 1）Application Programs 2）Web Interfaces to Databases 3）Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)4）Hyperlinks5）Uniform resource locator (URL)6）Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)7）Common Gateway Interface (CGI

54、)8）Cookie, Session9）JSP, PHP, ASP.NET10）JavaScript11）Application architecture12）Web services13）Digital signature14）Digital certificates2. 教学具体内容9.1 Application Programs and User Interfaces9.2 Web Fundamentals9.3 Servlets and JSP9.4 Application Architectures9.5 Rapid Application Development9.6 Applic

55、ation Performance9.7 Application Security9.8 Encryption and Its Applications9.9 Summary3. 考核要求：1掌握：Web与数据库的接口技术。2理解HTML、超链、URL、HTTP、CGI、Web服务、数字签名等概念。3了解：JSP, PHP, ASP.NET。Chapter 12: Query Processing1. 教学基本要求Query processing refers to the range of activities involved in extracting data from a datab

56、ase. The activities include translation of queries in high-level database languages into expressions that can be used at the physical level of the file system, a variety of query-optimizing transformations, and actual evaluation of queries.本章重点：1）Query processing2）Evaluation primitive3）Query-execution plan4）Query-evaluation plan5）Measures of query cost6）Selection Operation7）Sorting8）Join Operation9）Evaluation of Expressions本章难点：Measures of query cost2. 教学具体内容12.1 Overview12.2 Measures of Query Cost12.3 Selection Operation12.4 Sorting12.5 Join Operation12.6 Ot