人教版高中英语选修9课件：Unit 2 Sailing the oceans Grammar

1、 谓语用来说明主语的动作或状态谓语用来说明主语的动作或状态, , 由由 动词或动词词组担任。动词或动词词组担任。 及物动词及物动词 不及物动词不及物动词 连系动词连系动词 情态动词情态动词 动词可分为动词可分为: 需要跟有宾语的动词叫及物动词需要跟有宾语的动词叫及物动词, , 及及 物动词后可跟一个宾语、直接宾语和物动词后可跟一个宾语、直接宾语和 间接宾语或一个宾语和宾语补足语。间接宾语或一个宾语和宾语补足语。 例如：例如： 及物动词及物动词 直接宾语直接宾语 Children seek independence. The trial raised a number of questions.

2、 He made the shortest speech I have ever heard. A couple were having a drink at a table by the window. He took photographs of Vita in her summer house. 直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语和间接宾语。例如：例如： They gave us a wonderfully warm welcome. Mr. Schell wrote a letter the other day to the New York Times. ( wrote the New Y

3、ork Times a letter.) I took out the black box and handed it to her. ( handed her the box.) I had lent my apartment to a friend for the weekend. He left the note for her on the table. 一个宾语带宾语补足语。一个宾语带宾语补足语。例如：例如： Williss jokes made her uneasy. Last year they made him captain of the team. The people n

4、amed the place “Turbo Kutu”. I thought it right to go there without delay. Have you found it difficult to speak? 不需要跟宾语的动词叫不及物动词。不需要跟宾语的动词叫不及物动词。 例如：例如： Her whole body ached. Donald was lying on the bed. Bob coughed all night. All the leaves have fallen and winter is coming. 有几个不及物动词后可以跟有与之同有几个不及物动词

5、后可以跟有与之同 形的名词形的名词, 这叫同源宾语。这叫同源宾语。例如：例如： They are living a peaceful life. = They are living peacefully. He died a heroic death. = He died heroically. The girl laughed a merry laugh. = The girl laughed merrily. He sighed a deep sigh. = He sighed deeply. 许多动词往往既是不及物动词又是及许多动词往往既是不及物动词又是及 物动词。物动词。例如：例如：

6、Gus asked me whether Id like to have dinner with him. I accepted. (vi.) I accepted the invitation. (vt.) He painted every day. (vi.) He painted vivid portraits of friends and acquaintances. (vt.) He ran as fast as he could. (vi.) She ran a hotel in the centre of the city. (vt.) Father never smoked o

7、r drank all his life. (vi.) He drank a good deal of coffee. (vt.) At last she thanked them and left. (vi.) All I know is that Michael and I never left the house. (vt.) 连系动词虽具有词汇意义连系动词虽具有词汇意义, 但需要带有但需要带有 表语才能构成动词谓语。表语才能构成动词谓语。例如：例如： The station seems a very small one. They have remained loyal to the

8、government. Their hall was larger than his whole flat. The task of inspecting it proved to be exciting and interesting. It sounds unnatural to us. My memories of a London childhood are happy ones. His body was the color of bronze. 动词词组或称短语动词动词词组或称短语动词, 可以扩展或改可以扩展或改 变动词的意义变动词的意义, 它们的构成是：它们的构成是： 动词动词

9、+ 副词副词 Mary went away for a few days. 动词动词 + 介词介词 The other day I came across a letter from Brunei written in the last year of his life. 动词动词 + 副词副词 + 介词介词 You may have come up against unexpected difficulties. 情态动词与动词连用构成的谓语。情态动词与动词连用构成的谓语。 例如：例如： I must leave very soon. The rich ought to pay tuitio

10、n fees for their children. You may have heard of him. You should not have done so. 下面我们通过近年来的高考题共同复习一下面我们通过近年来的高考题共同复习一 下谓语的常考点。下谓语的常考点。 1. 单个动词作谓语单个动词作谓语 【考例【考例1】The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody _ them since. A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. had seen C 【考例【考例2】 If nothing _, the oceans will

11、 turn into fish deserts. A. does B. had been done C. will do D. is done D 【考例【考例3】 Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment. All right. I _ him later. A. will call B. have called C. call D. will be calling A 【考点透视】【考点透视】简单谓语有人称和数的变化简单谓语有人称和数的变化, 有各种时态、语态和语气有各种时态、语态和语气, 故高考题中对简故高考题中对简 单谓语的考查主要体

12、现为对各种时态、语态单谓语的考查主要体现为对各种时态、语态 和语气的考查。考例和语气的考查。考例1中中, 根据句末的根据句末的since可可 知知, 此处要用现在完成时。考例此处要用现在完成时。考例2中中, nothing 与与do之间是被动关系之间是被动关系, 且由且由will turn into可知可知, do表示将来发生的动作。因为条件状语从句表示将来发生的动作。因为条件状语从句 中要用一般现在时表将来中要用一般现在时表将来, 故用一般现在时故用一般现在时 的被动语态。考例的被动语态。考例3中中, 由由“现在不在办公室现在不在办公室” 可知可知, 答话者会晚些时候再打电话过来答话者会晚些

13、时候再打电话过来, 故故 call表示将来发生的动作表示将来发生的动作, 故用一般将来时。故用一般将来时。 2. 短语动词作谓语短语动词作谓语 【考例【考例1】 Dont worry. Im sure your missing glasses will _ sooner or later. A. stand out B. break up C. get out D. turn up D 【考例【考例2】 Caroline doesnt have a gift for music, but she _ it with hard work. A. goes back on B. takes awa

14、y from C. makes up for D. catches up with C 【考点透视】【考点透视】 高考对短语动词作谓语的考查主要体现高考对短语动词作谓语的考查主要体现 在词义辨析方面。考例在词义辨析方面。考例1中中, 由由Dont worry 和和Im sure 可知可知, 眼镜迟早会出现眼镜迟早会出现 （turn up）。考例）。考例2中中, 由由doesnt have a gift for music 及并列连词及并列连词but 可知可知, 她是她是 在用努力来弥补（在用努力来弥补（makes up for）。）。 3.“系动词系动词+表语表语”构成的复合谓语构成的复合谓语

15、 【考例【考例1】 Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development. A. is B. are C. was D. were A 【考例【考例2】 Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I _ on Friday. A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid A 【考点透视】【考点透视】

16、系动词有一定的词义系动词有一定的词义, 但不能但不能 单独作谓语单独作谓语, 要与作表语的名词、形容词、要与作表语的名词、形容词、 介词短语、过去分词等连用。常见的系动介词短语、过去分词等连用。常见的系动 词有词有be, look, appear, keep, taste, feel, stay, become, get, remain, go, turn, grow等。考等。考 例例1中中, 句子的主语是句子的主语是students inner motivation, 故系动词用单数形式故系动词用单数形式, 又因为描又因为描 述的是通常的情况述的是通常的情况, 故用一般现在时。考例故用一般现

17、在时。考例 2中中, 从句中用一般现在时表示将来从句中用一般现在时表示将来, 且且I与与 pay 之间是被动关系之间是被动关系, 故选故选get paid。 4. “动词动词+不定式不定式”构成的复合谓语构成的复合谓语 【考例】【考例】 The engine just wont start. Something seems _ wrong with it. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone B 【考点透视】【考点透视】用于本结构的动词本身具有一用于本结构的动词本身具有一 定的词义定的词义, 但不能单独表达一个完整的意义但不能单独表

18、达一个完整的意义, 必须同不定式结合起来才能使意义完整必须同不定式结合起来才能使意义完整, 所以所以 这类动词又被称为半助动词。常见的这类动这类动词又被称为半助动词。常见的这类动 词有词有appear, come, fail, get, happen, seem 等。等。 高考题中对此类谓语的考查主要是考查不定高考题中对此类谓语的考查主要是考查不定 式。要注意不定式根据不同的语境有不同的式。要注意不定式根据不同的语境有不同的 形式：一般式、进行式和完成式。在该考例形式：一般式、进行式和完成式。在该考例 中中, 发动机出问题是发动机出问题是“发动不起来发动不起来”之前发生之前发生 的事的事, 且

19、因为且因为seem后接不定式后接不定式, 故在此用不定故在此用不定 式的完成式。式的完成式。 5. “be +形容词形容词+不定式不定式”构成的复合谓语构成的复合谓语 【考例【考例1】 What are you doing out of bed, Tom? Youre _ to be asleep. A. supposed B. known C. thought D. considered A 【考例【考例2】 Studies show that people are more _ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before c

20、omputer screens for long hours. A. likely B. possible C. probable D. sure A 【考点透视】【考点透视】 这部分的这部分的“be +形容词形容词”结构也是半助结构也是半助 动词动词, 本身虽有词义本身虽有词义, 但不能独立作谓语但不能独立作谓语, 要与不定式一起构成复合谓语。常见的要与不定式一起构成复合谓语。常见的 这类结构有这类结构有be able to, be anxious to, be bound to, be certain to, be determined to, be eager to, be likely

21、 to, be ready to, be sure to等。等。 6. “情态动词情态动词+实义动词实义动词”构成的复合谓构成的复合谓 语语 【考例【考例1】 I _ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. A. mightnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. couldnt C 【考例【考例2】 Life is unpredictable; even the poorest _ become the richest. A. shall B. must C. need D. might D 【考点透视】【考点透视】 “情态动词情态动词+实义动词实义动词”构成的复合谓语构成的复合谓语, 在高考题中主要体现为对情态动词的考查。在高考题中主要体现为对情态动词的考查。 考例考例1中中, 由由“这里的同学们对我非常友好这里的同学