上海高考六选四练习

1、（1）a. you don t have to be on stage to get stage fright.b. stage fright is part of the body s reaction to stress.c. you try to speak your lines, but nothing seems to come out.d. with practice, we can learn how to relax while playing sports.e the good news about stage fright is that here are ways to

2、deal with it.f. however, there is a time when stage fright prevents you from stepping on stage.stage frightimagine that you are an actor performing in a play for the first time. you have learned all your lines and you know where to walk on stage. waiting behind the closed curtain, you can hear the a

3、udience whispering and taking their seats.then your big moment arrives! the curtain goes up, and the crowd falls silent. all you can see is the spotlight shining down on you. 1 the inside of your mouth is dry, and your hands are wet.if you have experienced a moment like this, you know all too well w

4、hat it means to have stage fright. it is one of the most common types of fear and tends to strike people when they find themselves at the centre of attention. 2 people experience this fear when playing sports, giving a presentation, or even speaking in class. a person who suffers from stage fright m

5、ay get sweaty hands, a dry mouth, a tight throat, or shaky knees. stage fright is actually a form of panic, and these feelings are very real.3 the experience differs from person to person, but the same chemical processoccurs in each of us. in reaction to anxiety, our bodies produce a chemical that p

6、repares us to either fight or run away quickly. scientists refer to this as our bodies fight or flighta result, we feel great energy that makes our hands sweat, our hearts race, and our knees shake.4 practising your performance and following some simple tips can help calm nerves and manage the feeli

7、ngs caused by anxiety. first, dress comfortably and appropriately. second, before the performance, take deep breaths and stretch to help relax your body. thirdly, stay away from drinks that contain caffeine. these might make your heart race even faster. instead, try a banana! some doctors believe th

8、at eating a banana can help calm your heart and the rest of your body. finally, when you look into a crowd, try to focus on particular people instead of the whole group. these tips have helped many people learn to deal with their fears.（2）a. pick up the dish with the remain ing food.b. proper food i

9、s a basic necessity for your puppies.c. remember to give your puppy the food he would like to have.d. it can also cause an upset stomach due to an unbalanced diet.e. one example is that extra helpings of nutrients do harm to digestive organs.f. it s good to provide the extra nutrients a puppy needs

10、until he grows larger.puppy fooda puppy （young dog） is a precious addition to any family. the excitement of bringing home a little furry friend will always live in our memories. like all of us, though, your puppy must have adequate nutrition right from the start to make certain that it ll have a lon

11、g and healthy life.1 you might ask yourself what is the best for your new pet with all of the different varieties on the market in all of their attractive packaging. some dry food produced specially for puppies is the best for the development of their teeth. a further benefit is that it is less expe

12、nsive than the canned food.contrary to the belief of many first-time puppy owners, it is not always the best idea to purchase food that is too high in calcium （车）, protein, and vitamin levels. 2 in addition, a high intake of calcium is associated with bone disease in large-breed dogs. if you have a

13、“ small-breed puppy, you can buy that kind of food.it is not a good idea to feed the food you eat to your puppy frequently, as your puppy may become selective about food. 3 some people think that dog biscuits and other treats are fine, but they should not be a main part of a puppy s diet.young puppi

14、es should be fed three times a day. each puppy is unique, so feeding them twice a day is acceptable. after ten to twelve weeks of age, feed your puppy twice per day. allow your puppy to eat as much as he would like in fifteen minutes.4 if you let your puppy eattoo much or too often by keeping food a

15、ccessible at all times, he may become overweight and have health problems as an adult. like humans, your puppy will not enjoy the food any longer if it is there at all times.（3）a. in the american family, children and parents are equal.b. it can reflect the traditional values and customs of a nation.

16、c. when it comes to big problems, children do not have to always follow their parents ways.d. although americans pay much attention to independence and equality, they don t believe in makingsacrifice.e. sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in order to declare their

17、 independence.f.many of them are expected to leave what could be life s most impoaternagdascisiomiostentirely up to luck.family valuesto understand a nation, you should first get to know its minimum unit_ 1 _ family.in the us, upon reaching an appropriate age （usually between 18 and 21 years）, child

18、ren are encouraged, but not forced, to“leave the nest and begin an independent life. after children leavehome, they often find social relationship and financial support outside the family. parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to

19、 get married. young adults meet their future spouses（配偶）through other friends, at jobs, and in organizations and religious institutions. although children choose their own spouses, they still hope their parents will approve of their choices.parents feel that children should make major life decisions

20、 by themselves in many families. a parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the child is free to chooseanother job. 2 a son may deliberately decide not to go into his father bissinessbecause of a fear that he will lose his independence in his father s workplace. this

21、 independeifrom parents is not an indication that parents and children do not love each other. strong love between parents and children is universal and this is no exception in the american family.f. it is not like we chinese. parents are rulers and masters. we chinese love our parents with fear and

22、 total respect. in america children always have their own opinions and even can talk about some sensitive problems with their parents, like family financial situation, the relationship between mother and father, and even sex.g. therefore, it is contrary that on one hand, americans admire independenc

23、e and equality that they don want to make sacrifice to make up a family, but on the other hand, americans think highly of family in their value system.（4）a. accommodations will vary according to the needs of the disabled.b. as with the parking spot, this is more likely a case of lack of education.c.

24、 they educate about all the accommodations for people with disabilities.d. improvement must be made so that disabled people can fully participate.e. if there is a car in that space, the handicap parking spot is no longer useful.f. so people without disabilities need to be educated about these accomm

25、odations.the importance of accessibility awarenessat a recent teen leadership of jewish family services meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives. i was amazed to hear about the challenges faced by people with physical disabilities. however, what amazed me most was the great importa

26、nce of education about handicap accommodations （残疾人便禾u设施 ）.one school teacher who is blind, and a woman who has used a wheelchair all her life are two important members of the national group for disabled persons, devoted to raising awareness about disabilities. _1_ these include handicap parking spo

27、ts, handrails, and wheelchair ramps. one big concern is the people who take advantage of aids, such as handicap parking spaces. _2_ and the meeting focused on educating the public.some handicap spots have extra room next to them, marked with the“ no parking. signs“aslong as i mot in the spot, i can

28、take the no-parking area next to it, “some people say.however, the woman who uses a wheelchair disagrees to this. the space exists to allow someone in a wheelchair to have room to get in or out of their car. _3_some walkways have handrails next t o them to help those who require extra assistance. wh

29、ether it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. sometimes the rail is blocked, by a parked bicycle for instance, and consequently made useless. _4_ people who are informed of the rail s use would be less likely to mistake itfor a bike

30、rack.meeting some of the people who are affected by the lack of education about accommodations made me see that there is work to be done. if more people were educated about the proper uses of accommodations, there would be fewer challenges for people with physical disabilities.（五）a. peer pressure is

31、 not always bad.b. teenagers may give in to negative peer pressure.c. why is it important to deal with negative peer pressure?d. first of all, teenagers need to recognize negative peer pressure.e. for example, you can choose good friends who share your values.f. the desire to fit in with peers can b

32、e a very strong influence on teenagers.teen peer pressureteen peer pressure is the influence a teenager scscial group has on him or her. as adolescents enter the teen years, they usually begin to focus more on their peers or friends.1 peers influence most aspects of a teenager life, including how te

33、enagers dress, what music they listen to, and what kind of activities they are involved in.2 good friends can encourage teenagers to do well in school, get involved in positive activities, eat healthy foods, and avoid drugs, alcohol, and other risky activities. friends also help teenagers learn good

34、 social skills and better ways to communicate and work out problems. they always give teenagers good advice.negative peer pressure is when teenagers feel pressured to do something they know is wrong, such as smoking, drinking, stealing, or cutting class._3_this is because they want to be liked or fi

35、t in, they are afraid of being made fun of, or they want to try something other teenagers are doing.it is important for teenagers to learn how to deal with peer pressure. there are a lot of things a teenager can do to handle it._4_good friends use positive peer pressure to help you be your best self

36、. also you need to think about the consequences of your decisions and actions, such as if an activity might harm your health or get you into trouble. or you can talk to your parents or a trusted adult about the kinds of peer pressure you face and listen to their advice. remember that if just one tee

37、nager stands up against negative peer pressure, usually others will join him or her, and learning to handle peer pressure gives teenagers more confidence.（6）a. make choices that are right for you.b. the goal of an ad is to sell you something.c. be sure to work through the critical questions.d. and e

38、xamine the findings of the original research.e. distinguish between research reports and public health advice.s point of view.f. be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an authorevaluating sources of health informationmaking good choices about your own health requires reasonab

39、le evaluation. a key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze i

40、nformation and the reliability of sources. the following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.go to the original source. media reports often simplify the results of medical research. find out for yourself what a study really reported, and deter

41、mine whether it was based on good science.think about the type of study. 1watch for misleading language. some studies will find that a behavior“ contributes to“associated with ”an q utcsmoes not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result.2 carefully read or listen to information in ord

42、er to fully understand it.use your common sense. if a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. 3 evaluate “ scientific statements carefully, and be aware of quackery （江湖骗术 ）.4 friends and family members can be a great source

43、of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.（7）a. generally speaking, there are clear differences.b. their preference for bu

44、ilding systems may change over time.c. you can see the same kind of pattern in the adult workplace.d. they will consider many sources of information at the same time.e. it is important to stress that the female brain may be built more for empathy.f. others may think the theory creates a belief of wh

45、at a particular type of person is like.they just can t help itmy theory is that the female brain is mainly built for empathy the ability to understand other people and that the male brain is mainly built for building systems. 1 for example, women are more likely to read magazines on fashion and pare

46、nting, while men will choose magazines that feature computers and sport.you may think that these preferences are influenced by the way people are taught to behave when they are growing up. however, this is not the case.a new study carried out at cambridge university shows that newborn girls look lon

47、ger at a face, and newborn boys look longer at a mobile. that suggests certain differences between male and female brains are biological. it has also been observed （that girls are better at noticing signs of changes in other people s feelings. boys, however, seem to enjoy building toy towers and pla

48、ying with toys which have clear functions. 2_ people whose jobs are in the constructionindustries are almost male. math and engineering, which require high levels of systems -thinking, are also male-chosen disciplines.why do men and women have the difference? actually women have four times as many b

49、rain neurons （神经）that connect the right and left part of their brains. because of it, women have a better ability to multitask than men.3 men tend to focus on a limited number of problems at a time. they willseparate themselves from problems and view tasks as independent from one another.some people

50、 may worry that i am suggesting one gender is better than the other, but this is not the case. my theory says that males and females differ in the kinds of things that they find easy, but that both genders have their strengths and weaknesses.4 it is not true. the study simply looks at males and fema

51、les as two groups, and asks what differences exist, and why they are there.（8）a. for these people, saying no to others is often of much anxiety.b. it reviews your work, your love, your play, until it finds an imperfection.c. comparing anxiety with depression helps to discuss possible cures for anxie

52、ty.d. these three common emotions are considered the cause of most mental 川nesses.e. if you are anxious about the work, you might get to the office an hour earlier every day.f. you find yourself waking up anxious, going through the day anxious and going to bed anxious.anxiety is your mental watchman. its