3455.C WTO多哈回合谈判进程及对中国的影响 英文文献

1、doha round negotiations of the reasons for sheepworld trade organization six key members of the united states, european union, japan, australia, brazil and india to hold ministerial talks in geneva broke down on the 24th, the wto director-general announced a comprehensive suspension of the doha roun

2、d negotiations. since then, the doha round was forced into the dormant. national media have published analytical articles 25, exploration has been going on 5 years of frustration into the doha round of negotiations, dormant period causes and impacts. doha round of multilateral trade negotiations lau

3、nched in november 2001. some media that he hoped this round of negotiations to promote the flagging global economic growth, it had initiated this round of negotiations is an important cause. but the world economy has shown strong momentum and flexibility has been weakened in some extent this expecta

4、tion. u.s., eu and japan has emerged as the three major economies in a good situation now, while china, india and other emerging market economies are also working to bring new world economic growth, a strong driving force, so that some developed countries that, even if the doha round of negotiations

5、 broke down, negative impact on them will not be too much. on the other hand, developing countries in the international trading system to enhance overall strength, they have changed over the past few rounds of multilateral trade negotiations has been the passive situation of developed countries led

6、by the nose, harmful to the interests of the program itself firmly said no . deeper causes of the doha round negotiations also came from outside: as the global trade imbalances and increased unemployment, the united states and the european union increasingly widespread resistance to globalization, b

7、ut they are precisely the doha round negotiations is the key participants. some developed countries, the public does not believe that globalization will make their countrys industrial hollowing out and reduce their employment opportunities. although the united states is the biggest beneficiaries of

8、globalization, but globalization also lost its traditional industries, many jobs. the united states has still not succeeded in adjusting the structure of employment. especially the united states are the key to the upcoming mid-term elections when the mouth, so it refused to adhere to the issue of ag

9、ricultural subsidies to make substantive concessions. western europe and japan, globalization, technological level is not like the united states, their economic competition with the united states are very keen competition with the united states, under adverse circumstances, western europe and japan

10、hard to give up government intervention and welfare policy, so in doha round negotiations, western europe, japan and the united states on some issues that a stalemate exists. forced on the doha round negotiations indefinitely dormant will impact the general view that the following points: first, the

11、 implementation of the wto multilateral trading system, due to the multilateral trading system under the lowest cost, once the multilateral trading system, frustration, a country will have to participate in bilateral or regional trade, the costs would be relatively high. second, the doha round negot

12、iations suffered a setback, will suffer most in developing countries. world trade imbalance in the current competitive landscape, developing countries need a mechanism to protect their economic interests. the official name of the doha round, the doha development agenda, also known as the development

13、 round, the thrust of it is through more equitable trade environment, to promote the economic development of poorer countries. the world bank released in january this year, agricultural trade reform and the doha development agenda report, 2015, free trade will bring about 86 billion u.s. dollars inc

14、ome developing countries, and to 3,000 people out of poverty, of which two-thirds population in africa. now negotiations broke down, the expected return is likely to vanish. third, in the long run, the doha round was forced to sleep will be the future of the world economy and international political

15、 situation have some negative effects: in some countries trade protectionism will rise, increasing barriers to trade between countries trade war will intensify and so on. in addition, after setbacks in the multilateral trade negotiations, the state will be more inclined to form between the different

16、 levels of bilateral and regional consortium. so some analysts believe that the doha round of negotiations indefinitely dormant it could lead to proliferation of regional and bilateral trade agreements, and then erosion and destruction of the global multilateral trading system. some experts believe

17、that the doha round of failed talks, the potential to minimize adverse effects, should be the priority of the international community. the reasons for the breakdown of the doha negotiationsdoha round (also known as the doha development agenda, referred to as dda) in november 2001 at the fourth wto m

18、inisterial conference to start, is the first round since the establishment of wto multilateral trade negotiations, is by far the most participants, the question most widely round of negotiations in agriculture, industry, services, trade rules, intellectual property, development, trade and environmen

19、t, trade facilitation, and many other topics, covering more than 95% of global trade. including agricultural and non-agricultural products (17.11, -0.21, -1.21%), market access is considered the most critical difference is most focused on two issues. doha negotiations, wto members aim is to promote

20、reduction of trade barriers and create a more equitable trading environment, in particular, to promote global economic development of poorer countries.start the doha round negotiations nearly seven years, very difficult, slow progress. in late july of this year, key members of the wto negotiations r

21、esume in geneva around the core issues of agriculture and non-agricultural to do something again, to achieve the year end goal of the doha round. up to 9 days of tough negotiations twists and turns, once seemed in sight, eventually they fall short. the direct cause of the breakdown of the talks, the

22、 united states and other developed countries and india and other developing members on how to implement specific agricultural special safeguard mechanism irreconcilable differences. the so-called special safeguard mechanism for agricultural products, is developing members in the case of import surge

23、s of agricultural products, to raise tariffs and other special security measures to protect domestic agriculture from the impact. to india, which the developing members of the xi wang will relax the use of special safeguard measures, the bottom line, to protect themselves adequately relative vulnera

24、bility of nongye production and household livelihoods, safeguard food security, but the united states jujue concessions, its hard line zhijie lead the talks. further analysis, the breakdown of the talks is the contradiction between the developed and developing countries, the result of long-term accu

25、mulation, but the crux of the issue focused on agricultural subsidies. the current doha round is the core issue of agricultural subsidies. reduce the use of special safeguard mechanism for the bottom line, not just india and china but also for more than 100 developing countries have expressed suppor

26、t for the request. therefore, the essence of the problem is not the united states and india, and chinas contradictions, but the contradiction between developed and developing countries. in fact, the united states in the negotiations on the reduction of agricultural subsidies has not really concessio

27、ns - although the amount promised to subsidize 17 billion u.s. dollars by the year fell to 14.5 billion u.s. dollars, but thanks to international food prices, the actual payment of subsidies to the u.s. amount of only 70 million, less than half the new proposal, but there is additional space. this i

28、s obviously difficult to meet the demands of developing countries. with the increased power and status, developing countries have been unwilling to take care of developed countries, the passive acceptance of the rules are not favorable. 多哈回合谈判进入休眠期的原因和影响世界贸易组织6个关键成员美国、欧盟、日本、澳大利亚、巴西和印度在日内瓦举行的部长级会谈24日

29、宣告破裂后，世贸组织总干事宣布多哈回合谈判全面中止。自此，多哈回合谈判被迫进入休眠期。各国媒体25日纷纷发表分析文章，探究已持续5年之久的多哈回合谈判无奈进入休眠期的原因及影响。 多哈回合多边贸易谈判是2001年11月启动的。一些媒体指出，期望通过这一轮谈判推动萎靡不振的全球经济增长，是当初发起这轮谈判的一个重要动因。但目前世界经济所表现出的强劲势头和弹性已在一定程度上弱化了这一期望。美国、欧盟和日本三大经济体如今都呈现出良好态势，而中国、印度等新兴市场经济国家又正为世界经济增长注入新的强大动力，以至于一些发达国家认为，即使多哈回合谈判破裂，对它们产生的负面影响也不会太大。另一方面，由于发展中

30、国家在国际贸易体系中整体实力提升，它们一改在以往数轮多边贸易谈判中被发达国家牵着鼻子走的被动局面，对有损自身利益的方案坚决说不。 更深层次的原因还来自于多哈回合谈判之外：由于全球贸易的失衡和失业的加剧，美国和欧盟内部对全球化抵制日益广泛，而它们恰恰又是多哈回合谈判最关键的参与者。发达国家一些公众认为，推行全球化会使他们国家的工业空心化，并减少本国的就业机会。美国虽是全球化的最大得益者，但全球化也使其传统产业失去了许多工作岗位。美国至今仍未能成功调整就业结构。尤其是美国正处于即将举行中期选举的关键当口，因此，它坚持拒绝在农业补贴问题上作出实质性让步。西欧和日本的全球化程度、科技水平都不如美国，它

31、们同美国的经济竞争都很激烈，在同美国竞争不利的情况下，西欧和日本很难放弃政府干预和福利主义政策，因此，在多哈回合谈判中，西欧、日本与美国在一些问题上也相持不下。 关于多哈回合谈判被迫无限期休眠将产生的影响，一般认为有以下几点： 其一，世贸组织实施的是多边贸易体制，由于多边贸易体制下成本最低，一旦多边贸易体制受挫，一个国家就不得不参与双边或者区域性的贸易，这样成本会相对较高。 其二，多哈回合谈判遭受挫折，受害最大的将是发展中国家。在目前世界贸易不平衡的竞争格局下，发展中国家需要一种机制保障其经济利益。多哈回合的正式名称为多哈发展议程，也被称作发展回合，其主旨正是通过更公平的贸易环境，来促进较贫穷

32、国家的经济发展。根据世界银行今年1月发表的农产品贸易改革与多哈发展议程报告，2015年前，自由贸易将给发展中国家带来860亿美元收入，并使3000万人脱离贫困，其中三分之二人口在非洲。现在谈判破裂，这一预期收益很可能化为乌有。 其三，从长远看，多哈回合谈判被迫休眠还将对未来的世界经济乃至国际政治格局产生一些负面影响：一些国家内部的贸易保护主义势力会抬头，贸易壁垒会增多，国家间的贸易战会加剧等等。另外，在多边贸易谈判受挫后，国家之间将更加倾向于组成不同程度的双边和区域联合体。所以有分析人士认为，多哈回合谈判无限期休眠很可能导致地区及双边贸易协议激增，进而腐蚀和破坏全球多边贸易体系。 一些专家认为

33、，把多哈回合谈判受挫可能带来的不利影响降低到最小程度，应当是国际社会的当务之急。多哈谈判破裂的原因多哈回合谈判(又称多哈发展议程，简称dda)于2001年11月在wto第四届部长级会议上启动，是wto成立以来的第一轮多边贸易谈判，是迄今参加方最多、议题最广的一轮谈判，涉及农业、制造业、服务业、贸易规则、知识产权、发展、贸易与环境、贸易便利化等众多议题，涵盖95%以上的全球贸易。其中农业和市场准入被认为是最关键也是分歧最集中的两个议题。多哈谈判的宗旨是促使世贸组织成员削减贸易壁垒，创造更公平的贸易环境，以促进全球特别是较贫穷国家的经济发展。多哈回合谈判启动近7年来，步履维艰、进展缓慢。今年7月下旬，世贸组织主要成员在日内瓦重启谈判进程，围绕农业和非农等核心问题再尽一番努力，以期实现年内结束多哈回合的目标。长达9天的艰苦谈判一波三折，一度似乎成功在望，最终又功亏一篑。这次谈判破裂的直接原因，是美国等发达成员与印度等发展中成员在如何具体实施农产品特殊保障机制方面存在难以弥合的分歧。所谓农产品特殊保障机制，是指发展中成员可在农产品进口激增的情况下，采取提高关税等特殊保障