任务型写作之summary概括写法

1、HOW TO WRITE A SUMMARY Definition（定义）（定义） A summary is a short account/paragraph giving the main points of something longer or detailed. Summary 这是这是07年广东高考读写任务的新形式和新要求。年广东高考读写任务的新形式和新要求。 （1）如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键。）如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键。 （2）任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因）任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因 此许多文章中最明显的特点是有一个反复出现的此许多

2、文章中最明显的特点是有一个反复出现的 中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它便中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它便 容易抓住文章的中心。容易抓住文章的中心。 How to sum up a passage? 1. Recognize the style of the passage so as to choose the pattern to begin your summary. 2. Read through the passage as quick as you can and find the key sentences or key words. 3. Use your ow

3、n words to summarize rather than use the original sentences directly copied from the passage. Styles of passages narration 1 argumentation 2 exposition 3 How to sum up a passage? Step1 Styles of Passages Styles（体裁）（体裁） Functions（功能）（功能） Narration (记叙文记叙文) describe a person or an event, with aftertho

4、ughts Argumentation (议论文议论文) show the writers point of view Exposition (说明文说明文) introduce something, eg. a phenomenon Task 1: Please glance through the 3 given passages and recognize the styles of them. Some Summary Models for You (1)Narration Summary Models (记叙文概要模板记叙文概要模板) (2)Argumentation Summary

5、 Models (议论文概要模板议论文概要模板) (3)Exposition Summary Models (说明文概要模板说明文概要模板) 点明写作目的类：点明写作目的类： The writer tells us（主题）（主题）by showing us an example of, who/which（故事情节）（故事情节）. 作者经历类：作者经历类： In the passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing sth, which 他人经历类：他人经历类： This passage is mainly about

6、sbs experience of doing sth. (1) 记叙文概要模板记叙文概要模板 (2) 议论文概要模板议论文概要模板 The article gives the view that should/shouldnt（主题）（主题）. .（补充论据）（补充论据）. The passage highlights(强调强调) the importance of sth. The author argues that 现象揭示类：现象揭示类： This article points out the common phenomenon - （主题（主题), which.（补充解释）（补充解

7、释）. 利弊对比类：利弊对比类： The article compares the disadvantages/ benefits of A and B. Awhile B The passage discusses the impact(影响影响)of sth. On the positive side, but it may also. 研究显示类：研究显示类： The study reveals(揭露揭露) that The purpose of the report is to show that (3) 说明文概要模板说明文概要模板 How to find the key sente

8、nces or key words? styles关键句关键句 narration argumentation exposition 抓住抓住who, what happened, 及及the writers purpose 通常抓住首段和尾段通常抓住首段和尾段 抓住首段或各段首句抓住首段或各段首句 How to sum up a passage? Step2 The Steps of Writing a Summary (1)定时态：如果阅读材料是过去时，那么基定时态：如果阅读材料是过去时，那么基 本时态用过去时；如果是现在的，那么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在的，那么基 本时态用现在时；本时

9、态用现在时； (2)定人称：一般情况下采用第三人称来写作，定人称：一般情况下采用第三人称来写作， 特殊如书信的，可能会使用第一、二人称；特殊如书信的，可能会使用第一、二人称； (3)定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句。定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句。 完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改 的，得的，得0 0分；分； 2. 2. 机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，得机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，得 1 1分；分； 3. 3. 稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原 文词序的，得文词序的，得2 2分；分； 4. 4. 创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、

10、原文词序创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、原文词序 还有句子结构的，最多得还有句子结构的，最多得3 3分；分； 5. 5. 结构、用词、词性变化比较好的得结构、用词、词性变化比较好的得4 4至至5 5 分。分。 广东高考概括部分评分细则广东高考概括部分评分细则 Task 2： Rewrite the sentences according to the skills. (1)Use words of similar meanings 同义替换法同义替换法 I didnt catch any fish owing to the fact that I was not patient. I didnt c

11、atch any fish_ I was not patient. because (2)Adopt the opposite way when saying a sentence正话反说法正话反说法 You will fail. You will _. not succeed (3)Change the part of speech 词性转换法词性转换法 Patience is very important. Patience is _.of great importance (4)Change the structure of a sentence 句式变化法句式变化法 语态变换：语态变换

12、： Parents should give children more praise. Children should_more praise.be given 简单句变复合句：简单句变复合句： Children should be encouraged more. This will help them learn faster. Children should be encouraged more, _ will help them learn faster. Children are given more praise. They will achieve more success. W

13、hen _, children will achieve more success. which given more praise (5)Use the shortest possible transitions 连词衔接法连词衔接法 注意使用一些短而精的连词，如注意使用一些短而精的连词，如but, and, so, while, however, then, thus, yet, for, therefore, including, instead of 等。等。 We should encourage children. We should not scold them. We shou

14、ld encourage children_ scolding them. instead of (6) Change the order of the words. 词序改变法词序改变法 The secret of success was patience. _ was _.Patiencethe secret of success (7) Omit the details细节省略法细节省略法 Dont always scold and give lots of praise instead. Dont scold and give praise instead. (8) Make use

15、of the meaning of a sentence 句意理解法句意理解法 Shopping on the Internet is becoming increasingly popular. _ _ More and more people prefer Internet shopping. Task 3: Write a summary Passage 1 关键词关键词 、句、句 (1)the writer, an old man, fishing, experience, teach sb. a lesson, (2)The secret of success was patienc

16、e. _had_ with _who _. The writer a fishing experience an old man taught him a lesson 词序变化法词序变化法 Patience was the secret of success. (2) (1) 连词成句连词成句 The writer had a fishing experience with an old man who taught him a lesson. Patience was the secret of success. 句式变化法句式变化法 The writer had a fishing ex

17、perience with an old man who taught him a lesson that patience was the secret of success. The writer tells us（主题）（主题）by showing us an example of, who/which（故事（故事 情节）情节）. Key for Passage 1: The writer tells us patience was very important and that it was the secret of success by showing us an example

18、of his unforgettable fishing experience with an old man, who taught him a lesson. ( 35 words) Passage 2: 关键句关键句 Dont always scold and give lots of praise instead. 细节省略法细节省略法 Dont scold and give praise instead. 词序变化法、连词衔接法词序变化法、连词衔接法 Give praise instead of scolding. 词性变换法词性变换法 Praise children instead

19、 of scolding them. (2) If you teach your children not to fear a mistake of failure, they will learn faster and achieve success at last. Encourage your children and they will make more progress and succeed. 句意理解法句意理解法 同义替换法同义替换法 词性转换法词性转换法 细节省略法细节省略法 (1) Praise children instead of scolding them. (2) Encourage your children and they will make more progress and succeed. The article give