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1、第一部分 英 语 考 纲第一部分 英 语 考 纲一、考纲依据本考纲以教育部颁布的中等职业学校英语教学大纲为依据,依照河南省中等职业技术教育教学的指导思想,结合河南省中等职业学校英语教学的实际情况而制定。二、参考教材中等职业教育课程改革国家规划新教材英语(基础模块)上、下册(语文出版社,2010年4月第2版、2010年7月第4次印刷,主编:王立善、戴宗显);英语(拓展模块)(语文出版社,2011年3月第2版、2011年3月第2次印刷,主编:王立善、戴宗显)为参考教材。三、考试内容和要求结合河南省中等职业学校英语教与学的实际情况,考试内容分为“词汇”、“语法”、“交际运用”、“完型填空”、“阅读”
2、、“翻译”和“应用文写作”七个部分,重点测试考生的英语基础知识、基本技能,以及综合运用英语的能力。考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能。(一)词汇所有不带符号的词汇均为新大纲要求词汇,其中黑体部分为单元重点词汇和短语;带符号的词不要求掌握。1能够正确认读参考教材英语(基础模块)上、下册和英语(拓展模块)每单元New Words and Expressions所列出的生词。2掌握各单元重点生词和词组并能够灵活运用到语句中。(二)语法熟练掌握下列各项语法知识,并能实际应用于各种语境。词法(1)名词 能够正确区分和正确使用可数名词和不可数名词。 掌握名词的复数和名词的所有格的变化规则。 熟记常用的不可数名词
3、。它们没有复数形式,如water,air,tea,news,knowledge,information,furniture,damage,advice,chicken(鸡肉)等。这些不可数名词借助单位词,也能表示一定的量,如a cup of tea(一杯茶),two bags of rice(两袋大米),a piece of news(一条新闻)。 掌握名词的两种所有格(s属格和of属格)形式的基本用法。As属格的用法a.有生命含义的名词表示所属关系时用 s表示,意思是“的”。如:Mikes car 迈克的车, the students reading room 学生阅览室,Childrens
4、 Day 儿童节。b.表示“时间”、“距离”、“价值”、“国家”等名词也用s的形式构成所有格。如:todays newspaper今天的报纸, two miles walk步行两英里的路程, Chinas population中国的人口。Bof属格的用法:a.主要用于无生命的名词,如a map of China,the door of the house;b.有时也用于有生命的名词,如a friend of my father;c. 用于双重所有格,如a friend of my fathers。 了解名词作定语的基本用法。如:two apple trees, do eye exercises
5、, a man teacherthree men teachers。(2)代词 掌握人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词的用法。 了解关系代词的用法。 理解“it”作非人称代词和引导词时的用法。Ait常用做没有具体意义的主语,出现在表示时间、地点、距离、天气、温度和笼统意义等意义的句子中。B. 掌握引导词it作形式主语或形式宾语的用法。如:Its not easy to master English.(形式主语,动词不定式短语作真正的主语)Its no use waiting here.(形式主语,动名词短语作主语)It is well known that paper
6、was first made in China.(形式主语,that引导的主语从句作真正的主语)He found it hard to get along with the other boys.(作形式宾语,动词不定式短语作宾语)C. 了解it在强调句的运用。常用“It is (was) + 被强调的部分 + that (who, whom)”结构。如:Its he who broke the window. (强调主语)是他打破的窗户。It was yesterday that I got to Zhengzhou.(强调时间状语) 是在昨天我到的郑州。It was Tom that (w
7、hom) I met in the street yesterday. (强调宾语) 我昨天在大街上遇见的是汤姆。(3)数词熟练掌握基数词和序数词的基本用法。 基数词的考点A基数词读法:几十几的基数词的十位数与个位数之间要用连字符“-”连接,如85eighty-five,28twenty-eight。三位数的基数词须在百位和十位(若无百位和个位)之间用and连接,如148one hundred and forty-eight,206two hundred and six。基数词还有thousand(千),million(百万),billion(十亿)。B年份的读法,如: 1996年 ninet
8、een ninety-six; 2013读作two thousand and thirteen。C时刻的表达法:可以用基数词直接表示时刻,如:8:15 读作eight fifteen,7:00读作seven或seven oclock;也可以在半点之前用past,如:8:15读作 fifteen/a quarter past eight, 9:30 读作thirty/half past nine;在半点之后用to 如:11:45读作fifteen/a quarter to twelve。a quarter表示“一刻”,half表示“半点”。D表示一个具体数字时,一律不用复数,如:200 two
9、hundred;在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数,如:成百上千的hundreds of, 成千上万的thousands of, 数以百万计的millions of。E表示“年代”,用in +the +数词复数。如:in the 1990s 表示“在二十世纪九十年代”。 序数词的考点A序数词的构成:一般情况是在基数词词尾加th。但有特殊情况,口诀(如下表所示)可供巧记。一、二、三,特殊记第一:onefirst;第二:twosecond;第三:threethird八去teighteighth九去enineninthve要用f替fivefifth twelvetwelfth见y变成i和e,词尾加上th
10、twentytwentieth thirtythirtieth fortyfortieth若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以twentyonetwentyfirstfiftysevenfiftyseventhone hundred and twenty-fiveone hundred and twenty-fifthB序数词主要用作定语,前面要加定冠词,如:He won the second place in the match。他在比赛中得了第二名。C序数词可用来表示日期,如:11月9日 November the ninth。D表示分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,若是分子大于1时,分母加s,
11、如:1/2 one second, 1/4 one fourth, 2/5 two fifths。(4)介词掌握大纲规定词汇中的介词和一些常用介词的基本用法,如:at,in,on,for,of,from,before,between,behind,beside,except,like,after,about,against,among,above,across,over,during,through,since,until,under,with,without,within,near,including,according。(5)冠词熟练掌握不定冠词a/an、定冠词the和零冠词的基本用法。
12、定冠词“the”的用法。A可数名词单数和复数,以及不可数名词之前都可以使用定冠词,表示有所指定的人或事物,即“特指”,如:This is the bike I bought yesterday. 这就是我昨天买的那辆自行车。The computers in our school are new. 我们学校的电脑都是新的。B说话的人和听话的人双方都知道的人或事物前用定冠词,如:Turn off the TV set,please. 请关上电视机。Where are the children? They are over there. 孩子们在哪儿?他们在那边。C用于表示乐器名称的名词前,如:pl
13、ay the piano 弹钢琴,play the violin 拉小提琴。D表示世界上独一无二的事物名称及表示江、河、湖、海、山脉、群岛的名称前要加定冠词,如:the sun太阳,the moon月亮,the earth地球,the sky天空the Yangtze River长江,the Pacific太平洋,the Alps阿尔卑斯山,the Taiwan Straits台湾海峡。E有些形容词前加定冠词,表示一类人或事物,如:the young年轻人,the old老人,the rich富人,the poor穷人,the wounded 受伤的人。F在表示顺序的序数词及形容词、副词的最高
14、级前用定冠词,如:the third floor三楼,the first第一,the longest river最长的河,the most beautiful campus最美丽的校园。G由普通名词构成的专有名词前要加定冠词,如:the Capital Theatre(首都剧院),the Great Wall(长城)。H在姓氏复数前用the表示一家人或夫妇两人。如the Greens.I. 固定词组搭配,如:in the morning, on the right of 不定冠词“a”和“an”的用法。A用来表示数量“一”,意思同one,如:I have an English dictiona
15、ry and two Chinese dictionaries. 我有一本英语词典,两本汉语词典。B用来表示“某个”,“任何一个”,“每一”,如:A student is waiting for you. 一名学生在等你。He goes back home twice a week. 他每周回家两次。C用在单数可数名词前,表示某一类人或事物中的一个,如:His father is a doctor. 他父亲是医生。A dog is man s good friend. 狗是人类的好朋友。 零冠词的用法。A名词前有作定语用的this,that,my,your,some,many,these等时,
16、不用冠词,如:This is his computer. 这是他的计算机。He has many books. 他有很多书。B不可数名词表示泛指时不用任何冠词,如:Water is important to life. 水对生命很重要。People cant live without air. 没有空气,人就无法生存。 C在称呼语和表示头衔或职务的名词前不用任何冠词,如:Whats the matter,Uncle? 叔叔,您怎么了?Professor Wang just came back from the United States. 王教授刚从美国回来。D含有day的节日名词前不用任何冠
17、词,如:New Years Day元旦,Womens Day妇女节,Childrens Day儿童节,Mothers Day母亲节,Teachers Day 教师节,National Day国庆节。E球类运动、棋类游戏或表示三餐的名词前不用任何冠词,如:He likes playing basketball and football. 他喜欢打篮球、踢足球。We have dinner at 6:00 every day. 我们每天六点吃晚饭。F专有名词前不用任何冠词,如:China 中国,Class One 一班,Grade Three 三年级,Zhengzhou 郑州。G表示季节、月份或星
18、期的名词前不用任何冠词,如:I like swimming in summer. 我夏天喜欢游泳。She was born on November 29,1978. 她生于1978年11月29日。We have classes every day except Thursday. 除了星期四我们每天都有课。H固定词组搭配,如:go to school, go to bed ,at home, by bus。(6)连词掌握一些常用连词的基本用法。常用的并列连词有and,or,but,yet,so等。常用的从属连词有that,when,till,until,after,before,since,b
19、ecause,if,whether,though,although等。(7)形容词和副词 掌握形容词和副词的基本用法。形容词作定语、表语和宾补等,副词作状语和表语等。 掌握比较级和最高级的构成形式以及一些常用形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化,如good/well, bad/ill, many/much和 little. 熟练掌握形容词和副词三个等级的常用基本句型。原级常用的句型结构有:“(倍数)+as+形容词原级/副词原级+as” 比较级常用的句型结构有:A“(倍数)+形容词比较级/副词比较级+than”。B“形容词比较级/副词比较级+ than + any other + 单数名词(
20、+介词短语)”表示(主语)比同一范围的任何一个人/物都,含义是“最”。C“the+比较级(主语+谓语),the + 比较级(主语+谓语)” 表示“越,越”。D“比较级+ and +比较级” 表示“越来越”。最高级常用的句型结构有:A“the+(序数词)+ 形容词最高级/副词最高级+(单数名词)+ in/of/among短语”表示“是中最的”。B“one of + the + 最高级+名词(复数)” 结构表示“最之一”。注意:much,far,a little等词常用在比较级前,nearly,almost等词常用在最高级前。(8)动词 了解动词的种类,掌握系动词和情态动词的用法。A行为动词或实义
21、动词:有完全的意思,可以独立作谓语,如:The students clean their classroom every day.B系动词(be,look,feel,sound,turn,get,taste等),如:The trees turn green. The song sounds good.C助动词(be,do,have,shall,will等),如:I am reading. We have been to Beijing.D情态动词(can,may,must,need,ought to,dare等)。 动词的时态A.熟练掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行
22、时、现在完成时的用法。B.掌握过去完成时、过去将来时的用法。动词的时态构 成例 句一般现在时用原形do,第三人称单数用 doesHe gets up at six oclock every morning一般过去时用过去式was, were, didI saw Tom in the street yesterday一般将来时will/shall do They will be free next week现在进行时am/is/are+ doing They are reading now过去进行时was/were+doingI was having a bath when the phone
23、rang现在完成时have/has+doneHe has already finished his homework过去完成时had + doneWe had learned 1000 words by the end of last year过去将来时should/ would + doShe said she would go to Beijing for the holiday 动词的语态A. 理解主动语态和被动语态的概念。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。B. 掌握被动语态的构成:助动词be+过去分词。在不同时态中,be的形
24、式会发生相应的变化。C. 熟练掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时的被动语态和带有情态动词的被动语态的用法。D掌握现在完成时、过去完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时的被动语态的用法。被动语态的时态构 成例 句一般现在时am/is/are + 过去分词Smokers are persuaded to give up smoking.一般过去时was/were + 过去分词At least 450 years ago, corn was brought to China.一般将来时will/shall + be + 过去分词The work will be done next week.
25、过去将来时should/ would + be + 过去分词She said that her homework would be done that afternoon.情态动词的被动情态动词 + be + 过去分词She must be sent to hospital at once.现在完成时have/has + been + 过去分词All the rooms have already been cleaned.过去完成时had been + 过去分词All the words had been learned by the end of last term.现在进行时am/is/a
26、re + being + 过去分词A new house is being built in front of my classroom.过去进行时was/were + 过去分词The child was being saved by the doctors. 非谓语动词(to do, doing, done)A. 掌握动词不定式的基本用法。动词不定式由“to +动词原形”构成,可以加not 进行否定。动词不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补充语(简称宾补)、定语、状语。动词不定式的具体用法如下:作主语:To study English is very necessary today.It
27、s very kind of you to help me with my English.作表语:My duty is to clean the room today.作宾语:I dont know how to use a computer. 作宾补:I heard somebody knock at the door.作定语:Can you go and buy something to drink? 作状语:They went to America to learn English.在主动结构中,“四看”(see,watch,notice,observe)、“三使”(make,let,
28、have)、“两听”(hear,listen to)、“一感觉”(feel)后+宾语+不带to的不定式,如:I saw him get on the car and drive away. We watched the plane take off. We felt the house shake. 动词不定式的特殊用法:l too.to“太以至于不能”,如:She is too young to go to school.l 若要说明不定式的动作是谁做的,可以在不定式前加for,of,如:Its important for us to learn English.Its kind of yo
29、u to help me.B掌握动词的-ing形式的基本用法。动词的-ing形式是由动词原形加-ing构成,包括传统语法的“动名词”(gerund)和“现在分词”(present participle)两个部分。它可以在句中作主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。作主语:Fishing is my hobby.Its great fun sailing a boat.作宾语:Most of us enjoy playing cards.作定语:There is a swimming pool in our school.The sleeping boy is Jack.作表语:Busine
30、ssmens work is buying and selling.作宾补:I saw him dancing in the room.作状语:They walk into the hall,talking and smiling.C掌握过去分词的基本用法。过去分词在句中作表语、宾补、定语、状语。作表语:The door was closed.作宾补:They found their hometown greatly changed.作定语:The woman dressed in red is my aunt.作状语:She walked along the street, followed
31、 by her dog.D了解动词的-ing形式与过去分词的区别。动词的-ing形式和过去分词的主要区别在于:动词的-ing形式表示主动和进行,而过去分词表示被动和完成,如:developing countries(发展中国家)boiling water(沸水)developed countries (发达国家) boiled water(开水)作表语The film is really exciting. 这部电影真的很激动人心。I am excited about it. 这件事使我兴奋不已。作定语The young boy sitting between my sister and my
32、 brother is Jack. 坐在我姐姐和哥哥之间的是杰克。The book bought by my sister is worth reading. 我姐姐买的那本书值得一读。作补语Dont keep him standing in rain. 别让他在雨中站着。He found his bike lost. 他发现他的自行车被偷了。 作状语Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy. 听到这个消息,他们都高兴地跳了起来。Followed by his friend,he went to the railway station.他朋友跟着他去了
33、火车站。(9)构词法:掌握词的三种基本构成方法:合成、转化和派生。 合成Compounding由两个及两个以上的词合成一个词,有的合成词用连字符“-”连接,有的直接连写在一起,还有的由分开的两个词组成。如:blackboard,weekend,man-made, warm-hearted,post office, bus driver. 转化Conversion单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性或几种词性而词形不变。A名词转化为动词 如:hand n.手 v.传递 water n.水 v.浇水 face n.脸 v.面对B形容词转化为动词 如:clean adj.干净的 v.清扫 empty ad
34、j. 空的 v.倒空C动词转化为名词 如: cover v.覆盖 n.盖子 answer v. 回答 n.答案 派生Derivation一个词根加前缀或后缀构成一个新词。一般来说,前缀改变原词的词义但不改变词性;而后缀一般是在原词义的基础上改变其词性。如:happy(喜欢的)unhappy(不喜欢的)happiness(爱好);wide(宽的)widen(加宽);China(中国)Chinese(中国人的);beauty(美丽)beautiful(美丽的);danger(危险)dangerous(危险的)。2句法(1)了解句子成分的类型:包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和同位语。(
35、2)了解句子的种类:英语句子可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句三种类型。(3)理解句子根据使用目的和语气的不同,可分为陈述句、疑问句(包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句)、祈使句和感叹句四大类型。 掌握这四种句子类型的基本用法。 掌握疑问句中反意疑问句的用法。表示提问者有一定的主见,但没把握,希望对方来证实。如:She visited her aunt yesterday, didnt she?(前句肯定,后句否定)She seldom/never/scarcely visited her aunt, did she?(前句否定或含有否定意义的词,后句肯定)熟练掌握感叹句的用法。W
36、hat + a/an + 形容词 +可数名词单数(+主语 + 谓语!)如:What a beautiful house it is! What + 形容词 + 不可数名词/可数名词复数(+主语 + 谓语!)如:What clean water it is! What lovely girls they are! How + 形容词或副词(+主语 + 谓语!)如:How blue the sky is! How fast he swims! How beautiful a house it is! (4)熟练掌握There be句型的用法。 There be句型的基本用法是表示“某地存在某物,其
37、形式为“There be+名词(短语)+地点”。(其实质句式为倒装句)这里there是引导词,没有词义,be是谓语动词,代词或名词是主语。be要与主语保持人称和数的一致。否定句是在be后加no(not any);一般疑问句是将be放在句首。如:There are hundreds of students on the playground. (主语是复数,谓语用are)There is a large dining-hall and many bedrooms in the students dormitory.(紧挨着be动词的主语是a large dining-hall是单数,be的形式要
38、用is,there be句型遵循就近原则) There is no (not any) map on the wall.(否定句)Is there anything wrong with your ears?(Yes,there is/No,there isnt.) 了解There be与have所表示的意义:There be句型表示“存在”关系,have表示“所属”关系,两者不能混合在一个句子中。如:我们要说“明天有一个班会。”There will have a class meeting tomorrow.()There is going to/will be a class meetin
39、g tomorrow.()故There will have是错误的搭配方式。(5)并列句。 理解并列句的构成:简单句+并列连词+简单句。 掌握常用的连接词:and,also,or,so,but,yet,bothand,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also的用法,如:Lets hurry,or well be late.Think it over,and youll work out the problem.(6)主从复合句。了解主从复合句的类型,包括名词性从句(宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句、状语从句等。 掌握名词性从句的用法(除同位语
40、从句外)。A宾语从句从属连词that。that本身没有含义,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,且在口语和非正式文体中常省略,如:I believe (that) you know a lot about shopping online. 从属连词if或whether。if和whether的意思都是“是否”,在大多数情况下可以互换使用。但whether可以和or not连用,if则不能,如:I dont know if (whether)you can help me. 连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever等。它们本身
41、都有相应的含义,在从句中要作相应的句子成分,如:Do you know whose book it is? I did what he had told me. 连接副词where,when,how,why。它们本身都有相应的含义,在从句中作状语,如:He asked me when and where I had got the nice bag. 注意:宾语从句主要考查连词,语序,时态的照应。B主语从句。引导主语从句的连接词有从属连词that, whether; 连接代词who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which等以及连接副词when,
42、 why, how, where等。如:What he said is right.It is fine that he has passed the exam.Whoever comes is welcome.C表语从句。引导表语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同。如:That is why he hasnt come yet. The problem is whether we should ask them for help. 定语从句A.掌握由关系代词who,whom引导的定语从句。二者都是指人,who在从句中作主语或宾语,whom只能作宾语。当作宾语时可以省略。 The man
43、who was here yesterday is a teacher.The woman(whom)you saw in my room yesterday is my mother. B.掌握由关系代词that,which引导的定语从句。在限制性定语从句中that既可以指物与which通用,也可以指人与who, whom 通用。在定语从句中可以作主语,宾语,作宾语时可以省略。如:The letter(that/which)I received yesterday is from my family.She is the girl(who/whom/that) I met on my way
44、 home. a.了解在限制性定语从句中只用who, whom 的现象以及that 与which 区别。参考教材下册P139。 b.了解在非限制性定语从句中只能用which, 不用that。如:I broke the glass, which made my mother unhappy.C.掌握由关系代词whose 引导的定语从句。whose 既可以指人,也可以指物。在定语从句中作定语,相当于所有格形式。如:I know the girl whose name is Mary. That is our classroom whose roof is flat.D.掌握由关系副词when,wh
45、ere,why引导的定语从句。如:I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.The hospital where my mother works is in the north of the city.注意:定语从句主要考查关系词的判断。即关系代词和关系副词的区别,关系代词在定语从句中常充当主语,宾语,定语等,而关系副词在定语从句中只充当状语,并且what不能引导定语从句。 状语从句A. 熟练掌握时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句的用法。a时间状语从句。时间状语从句表示动作发生的时间,常由when,while
46、,before,after,as soon as 等引导,如:The film had already begun when I got to the cinema. My brother studied at No. 1 Middle School before he joined the army. Ill write to you as soon as I get there. 注意:时间状语从句主要考查主句和从句的时态的照应。b地点状语从句。地点状语从句表示动作发生的地点,常由where(的地方)引导,如:Where there is a will,there is a way. c原
47、因状语从句。原因状语从句常由because(因为),as(因为,由于),since(因为,由于,既然)等引导,如:I did it because he told me to. As you were out,I left a message. Since you are unable to answer perhaps we should ask someone else.d条件状语从句。条件状语从句常由if(如果),unless(除非)等引导,如:If we dont do anything to save the earth,maybe the dream will become tru
48、e in the near future. You will fail unless you study hard. 注意:条件状语从句主要考查主句和从句的时态。B了解目的状语从句、比较状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句的用法。a目的状语从句。目的状语从句常由so that(为了,以便),in order that(目的在于,为了,以便)等引导,如:He got up early so that he could catch the train. Lets take the front seats in order that we may see more clearly. b比较状语从句。
49、比较状语从句常由morethan(比更),asas(和一样)等引导,如:There are more students in class one than in class two. Tom is as tall as Jack. 汤姆和杰克一样高。c结果状语从句。结果状语从句常由sothat(如此以至于),suchthat(这样以至于)等引导,如:It was so hot that I didnt fall asleep. We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. 注意:结果状语从句主要考查so和such的区别, so
50、是副词修饰形容词或副词;而such是形容词修饰名词。但是当名词前有many、much、little、few时用so。判断的方法是从that处断开看that前是否是名词(so+形容词+a/an+名词除外)。d让步状语从句。让步状语从句常由although though(尽管,虽然)等引导,如:He is unhappy although / though he has a lot of money. Child as he is, he knows a lot.(7)掌握直接引语变间接引语的方法和规律 直接引语若是陈述句。将其变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常常省略),且从句
51、中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要根据具体语境做相应的变化。 A.人称的变化。 如:He said, “I want to see you”. 他说:“我要见你”。He said that he wanted to see me. 他说他要见我。B.时态的变化。如果主句的谓语动词为现在时,将直接引语变为间接引语时,从句谓语动词在时态方面则无须变化;如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,则从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。一般变化情况如下表所示。将直接引语转换成间接引语时的时态的变化一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时
52、过去将来时注意:a如果直接引语是表示客观规律的,那么时态仍然用一般现在时,如“The earth moves around the sun.”The teacher told us.The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. b当直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,将其变为间接引语时,时态不变,如:Xiao Wang said,“I was born on April 2l,1980.”Xiao Wang said that he was born on April 21,1980. C.指示代词,表示时间、地点的副词或时间
53、状语和个别动词在由直接引语变成间接引语时的变化规则如下所示。thisthat,thesethose,nowthen/at that moment,todaythat day,yesterdaythe day before,the day before yesterdaytwo days before,tomorrowthe next day/the following day,the day after tomorrowtwo days after/in two days,next week/month/yearthe next week/month/year,last week/ month
54、/year the week/month/year before,herethere,comego,bringtake。 直接引语若是疑问句。将其转换为间接宾语时,应将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序,且句末用句号。其人称、时态等相应的变化也与转述陈述句的间接引语相同,如:He said,“Are you good at English,John?” He asked John if he was good at English. 直接引语若是特殊疑问句。将其转换为间接引语时,应将原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句,并需将疑问式改为陈述式,且句末用句号,如:“Which room do you live
55、in?”He asked.He asked me which room I lived in. 直接引语若是祈使句。将其变为间接引语时,间接引语应改为“tell(ask,order等)(not) to do”句型,如:The teacher said to the students,“Stop talking.”The teacher told the students to stop talking. He said,“Dont make so much noise,boys.” He told the boys not to make so much noise. (8)掌握下列主谓一致的用法。 谓语动词要与主语的人称和数一致。如: I am seventeen, and she is sixteen. They have not come yet. Nobody knows who will win the competition. There is a desk in the room. There are no chairs in it. 两个名词或两个代词用and连接,谓语动词一般用复数。如: Wang Gang and Zhang Hua
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