动词-ing形式的被动式

1、动词-ing形式的被动式在上个单元我们学习了动词不定式的被动式，今天我们一起来学习动词-ing形式的被动式。看一看请看下列句子，看看动词-ing形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分。1. So being killed by sharks was a com mon occurre nee.2. He didn t mind being left at home.3. That buildi ng being repaired is our library.4. Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe.5. Ha

2、ving bee n give n such a good cha nee, how could she let it slip away?讲一讲动词-ing形式的被动式在句中可以作主语（如句1）、作宾语（如句2八作定语（如句3 ）、作状语（如句4和句5）。此外，动词-ing形式的被动式还可以在句中构成复合宾语。如：You ll find the topic being discussed e verywhere.你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题。He often watched the boats being uni oaded.他常常看轮船卸货。As we approached the vil

3、lage we saw new houses being built.走近村子时我们看到正在盖新房。此外，在want, need, deserve, require等动词后，尽管表示的是被动含义，我们却用动词-ing形式。如：My pen needs filli ng.我的笔该上墨水了。The point deserves men ti oning.这点值得提一下。This problem requires study ing with great care.这问题需要仔细研究。在worth这个形容词后情形也是这样：Her method is worth tryi ng.她的方法值得试一下。练

4、一练将下列句子翻译成英语。1. 他受不了别人那样开他的玩笑。2. 这问题远远没有解决。3. 没有谁请他做，是他自己做的。4. 在动手术之前你不能吃任何东西。5. 既然已做出了决定，下个问题就是如何制定一个好的计划。Key:1. He could not bear being made fun of like that.2. This questio n is far from being settled.3. He did it without being asked.4. You can t eat anything before being operated on.5. The decis

5、ion having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.Unit 3 Under the seaThe use of V-ingV-ing作动名词时具有名词的特征，因而在句中用作主语、表语、宾语、定语，有时它可以有自己的逻辑主语，也可以有时态和语态形式。一、V-ing形式的名词特征V-ing形式否定形式为 not doing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、 宾语、表语和定语。Laying eggs is the ant queen -tifue job. 主语Her job is teach in

6、g. 表语He is fond of play ing football.宾语develop ing coun tries定语work ing people 定语二、V-ing形式作主语1. V-ing形式作主语表示抽象的经常性的意义。Read ing aloud is very importa nt for us to lear n a foreig n Ian guage.大声朗读对我们学习门外语是很重要的。早睡早起被认为Going to bed early and gett ing up early is con sidered to be a good habit.是一种好习惯。V-i

7、ng 形式在 It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure 等名词 +doing 结构中作主语，it为形式主语。It s no good waiting here. Let s go在这儿等没好处，咱们回家吧。It is no use you r complaining; the company won t do anything about it.抱怨是没有用的，公司是不会管的。 V-ing 形式在 “ It is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile/worth

8、等形容词 + doing结构中作主语。It is dan gerous using this method to measure the speed of light.用这种方法去测量光速是危险的。It is worthwhile con sult ing your tutor about it aga in.很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问题。 V-ing形式在 “There is(was) no + doing 结构中作主语。There is no jok ing about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。There is no denying the fact that

9、 China has made a rapid progress in every aspect sinceit was foun ded.不容抵赖这个事实，中国自它成立以来已在各个方面都取得了飞速的发展。There is no littering about.不许乱扔杂物。2. V-ing作宾语有些动词后面要求跟V-ing作宾语。常这样用的动词有：admit承认；excuse原谅；postp one拖延；anticipate期望；fancy想象 practice练习；appreciate欣赏;finish 完成； prevent 防止； avoid避免;forbid禁止；propose建议；

10、con sider考虑;forgive 宽恕；delay 耽搁； imagine想象；resent 厌恶；deny 否认；resist 抵制；keep 保留；risk 冒险；dislike 讨厌；mi nd 在意； miss错过； suggest 建议； enjoy 喜欢； pardon 原谅；escape 逃避He man aged to escape sufferi ng from the disease.他设法避免患那种疾病。Prof. Smith considered giving his students a reading list before they started the

11、next chapter.史密斯教授考虑在学生们学习下一章之前给他们一份读书清单。When he came back home from his ni ght shift, Jas on tried to avoid wake ning his family.当杰逊下夜班回到家时，他尽力不弄醒他的家人。The suspect denied tur ning on the computer in the office that ni ght.犯罪嫌疑人否认他那晚开过办公室的电脑。 有些动词短语后也要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词短语有：can t stand 忍不住； can t help忍不

12、住；feel like 想欲；give up 放弃；put off 推迟After heari ng the funny story, all of us could nt help laugh ing ear to ear.听完了那个滑稽故事，我们忍不住大笑了。Do you feel like tak ing a walk?你要不要去散步？ V-ing形式常跟在介词或介词短语后做宾语。常这样用的介词短语有：in stead of, look forward to, object to, keep on, see about, take to等。Im looking forward to yo

13、ur coming next time.我期待着您下一次的到来。Thank you for offeri ng me so much help.感谢你们给我提供了这么多的帮助。He is fond of watch ing sports-games.他喜欢观看体育竞赛。 在 “have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + V-ing 形式；be busy (in) + V-ing 形式； waste time (in) + V-ing 形式；lost time (in) + V-ing 形式；

14、There is no point (in) + V-ing 形式等结构中，V-ing形式做介词宾语，in常要省去。The childre n are busy doing their homework.孩子们忙于做作业。There is no poin t (i n) making the simple experime nts once aga in.再做一次这种简单的实验是毫无意义的。二、动名词可具有时态意义动名词可以像动词那样表现时态意义，有一般式(doing )和完成式(having done )之分。动名词的时态意义是一个相对的概念，从属于句中谓语动词。一般式表示动名词的动作与 谓

15、语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生，或表示一般性动作，没有时间概念；完成式表示 动名词的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生。The secretary was scolded for not having finished typing the report in time.那位秘书因没有按时将报告打印出来而受责备。(动名词的完成时态)I regret having said some rude words to my brother.我后悔对我弟弟说了些粗话。We have no idea of their hav ing done such kind of thing.我们不知道他们干过这种事情。

16、三、动名词可具有语态意义如果动名词与句中的逻辑主语构成被动关系，即逻辑主语是接受动名词的动作，需用其被动形式(being done ， having been done )。其否定形式是：not being done,not havi ng bee n donePeople hate being praised for nothing .人们不喜欢无缘无故的赞扬。The problem is far from being solved .这问题远没得到解决。She did nt mind being left alone at home .她不介意被一人留在家里。 在want，need，req

17、uire，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动 意义。Your car n eeds fill ing.你这车要充气了。This city deserves visit ing.这座城市值得光顾一下。The problem requires study ing carefully.这个问题需要认真研究。The trees want wateri ng.这些树需要浇水了。 在（be） worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。His suggestion is worth considering.The book is worth readi ng. 在allow

18、，advise，forbid， permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：We don t allow smok ing here.We don t allow stude nts to smoke.Exercises1. The thief en tered the room without.A. no tici ng B. being no ticed C. havi ng no ticed D. hav ing bee n no ticed2. Besides, she is kind and ten der.A. beau

19、tiful B. being beautiful C. she beautiful D. is beautiful3. He apologized for.A. his not being able to come B. his being not able to comeC. his being able not to come D. him not being able to come4. When he heard the big no ise, Tom stoppedandto the window to seewhat was happe ning.A. to read; went

20、B. readi ng; to go C. readi ng; going D. read ing; went5. I am busyfor the entrance exam in ati on, so I can t helphousework athome.A. preparing; doing B. preparing; to doC. to prepare; doing D. to prepare; to do6. the exam will disappo int your pare nts.A. You faili ng B. Your fail ing C. You fail

21、D. You to fail7. the same mistake aga in made his pare nts very an gry.A. His being made B. He has made C. He had mak ing D. His mak ing8. I dont think its much goodto him.A. writing B. to write C. write D. written9. Such books are not worthyat all.A. of being read B. being read C. readi ng D. to read10. It is no usewithout through .A. to read; un derstoodB. read ing; un dersta ndingC. to read; un dersta ndD. read; to un dersta nd11. Sorry, we don t allowin the lecture room.A. to smokeB. smoke C. smok ingD. to smok ing12. They don t permitnoise her.A. to make B. make C. maki ngD. made1