弗洛伊德精神分析方法的文学批评.

1、The Psychological Approach:FreudComments of the psychologicalapproach The most controversial, most abused, and least appreciated by many readers It can be fascinating and rewarding.Purpose To account briefly for the misunderstanding of psychological criticism To outline the psychological theory most

2、 commonly used as an interpretive tool by modern critics To show by examples how readers may apply this mode of interpretation to enhance their understanding and appreciation of literatureLimitations Aesthetic inadequacy It can afford many profound clues toward solving a works thematic and symbolic

3、mysteries, but it can seldom account for the beautiful symmetry of a well-wrought poem or of a fictional masterpieceAbuses and misunderstandings ofthe Psychological Approach There are 3 abuses of the approach during the twentieth century. These abuses have given rise to a widespread mistrust of the

4、psychological approach as a tool for critical analysisFreucTs theory Iceberg theoryHe demonstrated that, like the iceberg, the human mind is structured so that its great weight and density lie beneath the surface (below thelevel of consciousness)Three premises That the most of the individuaPs mental

5、 processes are unconscious All human behavior is motivated ultimately by what we could call sexuality Because of the powerful social taboos attached to certain sexual impulses, many of our desires and memories are repressed Several corollaries of FreudiantheoryThree psychic zones: the id, the ego an

6、dthe superegoSeveral corollaries of Freudiantheory Perhaps the most controversial (and, to many persons, the most offensive) facet of psychoanalytic criticism is its tendency to interpret imagery in terms of sexualitySeveral corollaries of Freudiantheory Child psychology Different stages: Oral stage

7、 Anal stage Phallic stage Latency stage Genital stage Oedipus complexderives from the bodys unconsciousrivalry with his father for the love of his mother ” 能,libido and literature(libido),泛指一切身传-输渊也雜 人们衣现悄感的愿望，而是源j：人“欲望”的丁I华。他把 对性的渴望的内骡力称为力比多，用于解释一切精神活动 的能量來源人的愿望除了权力，财富，名誉，野心等等之外,主要是要求得 到发泄和释放的对性的愿望。而艺术家不同，他可以以他 特有的禀赋，把压抑的感情升华为艺术作品。不仅使压抑 得以控制/吏不道徳得以掩饰，而且以其审矣品格给人们带 來愉悦和享受，因此在界洛伊徳看來“艺术家基本上是性 格内向若，与精神病患若相公不远，他承受着木能欲望异乎 寻常的逼迫”，艺术家和白日梦者的不同在于艺术家能够 赋予其本能欲望一种社会可以接受的形式，以所谓艺术美 之形式掩饰其不合道徳伦理之内容，丁是力比多作为人的 终极动力，也被弗洛