过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时的用法及区别(知识梳理)

1、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时的用法及区别真题再现1. just as i got to the school gate, i realized i _ my book in the cafe.a. have left b. had left c. would leave d. was leaving 2. albert einstein was born in 1879. as a child, few people guessed that he _ a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.a. has been

2、 b. had been c. was going to be d. was3. he must have sensed that i _ him. he suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, why are you staring at me like that?a. would look at b. looked at c. was looking at d. am looking at 4. did you have difficulty finding anns house?not really. she _ us clear directi

3、ons and we were able to find it easily.a. was to give b. had given c. was giving d. would give 5. at college, barack obama didnt know that he _ the first black president of the united states of america.a. was to become b. becomes c. is to become d. became 6. we arrived at work in the morning and fou

4、nd that somebody _ into the office during the night.a. broke b. had brokenc. has broken d. was breaking7. she was surprised to find the fridge empty; the children _ everything!a. had been eatingb. had eatenc. have eaten d. have been eating8. when alice came to, she did not know how long she _ there.

5、 a. had been lying b. has been lying c. was lyingd. has lain答案与解析：1. b，我意识到把书落在咖啡店里了，落书的动作发生在意识到之前，所以应该使用过去完 成时态。2. c。句意：爱因斯坦出生于 1879 年，小的时候很少人猜到他将会成为一个伟大的科学家， 他的理论将会改变全世界。根据句意，应该是表达过去将来时，所以只有 c 选项符合。该 选项是使用过去进行时表将来。1. c。句意：他一定是注意到我在看着他。他突然看向我然后轻声问道：“你为什么要那样盯 着我看？ ” 根据分析，此句在意义上应该用进行时，又根据此句中的 must ha

6、ve sensed 和 glanced at 可知是过去进行时。1. b。句意：你觉得找到安娜家的位置困难么？不会。她告诉我们很清晰的方向，并且 我们很容易就找到了。本题考查时态。根据题干可知，安娜告诉他们方向发生在他们找到她 家之前，因此，发生在过去动作之前的动作要采用过去完成时。2. a。句意：在大学的时候，奥巴马不知道他将成为美国第一个黑人总统。用过去将来时表 示过去某个时间将要发生的事情，所以选 a。3. a。从句中的“in the morning”和“during the night”可以知道 break into 这个动作发生在 found第 1 页动作之前，表示“过去的过去”，用

7、过去完成时。7. b。“孩子们吃光东西”是在“she was surprised to find”之前，选用过去完成时。8. a。由题意可知，“她躺在那儿”发生在 came to 和 did not know 之前，并且表示动作的延续， 用过去完成进行时。知识讲解过去进行时用法1. 表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。tom was getting up at six oclock every day that week.2. 与 always 连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。john was always coming to school late.lei feng was always d

8、oing good deeds for the people.3. 用来描写故事发生的情景时。it was a dark night. the wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. a pla man suddenly appeared on the river bank. he wanted to cross the river.my brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.4. when 作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然 ”之意时，第一

9、个并列分句用过去进行时， when 引导的并列分句用一般过去时。i was taking a walk when i met him.we were playing outside when it began to rain.5. go, come, leave, start, arrive 等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。i was leaving for washington that day.she was coming later.6. 用过去进行时表示现在，主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。i was wondering if you could give me a lift.we

10、 were hoping you would stay with us.7. 动词 be 的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。比较：he was friendly. (指过去长期如此)he was being friendly. (指当时一时的表现)过去完成时用法1. 表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。用时间轴表示为： 过去的过去过去（参照物）现在注意：如果没有参照点，“一分钟之前”是“过去”，“前年”是“过去”，“十亿年之前”也是“过去”。 但如果确定了一个参照点，时态就不同了。如果以“last weekend”为参照物，那么在 last week 之前就是

11、过去完成时了。如果“去见朋友”是过去时，那么在“（见朋友前）dress up”该用过 去完成时。by nine oclock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.i had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.he said he had worked in that factory since 1949.第 2 页mr. smith died yesterday. he had been a good friend of mine.i

12、didnt know a thing about the verbs, for i had not studied my lesson.i returned the book that i had borrowed.she found the key that she had lost.h e said that he had known her well.h thought i had sent the letter a week before.when i woke up, it had already stopped raining.she didnt go to bed until s

13、he had finished he work.2. 动词 think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend 等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法， 希望，打算或意图等。they had wanted to help but could not get there in time.we had hoped to be able to come and see you .3. 过去完成时还可用在 hardlywhen, no soonerthan, it was the first (second, etc) time (that)等固定句型中。hardly had

14、he began to speak when the audience interrupted him.no sooner had he arrived than he went away again.it was the third time that he had been out of work that year.注意：历史事实通常用一般过去时表示：they learned that president lincoln led the american war.he told the students that hitler killed millions of jews.注意：当两个

15、或多个过去发生的动作紧挨着并列出现时，尽管各动作之间有先后关系，仍然用一般 过去式。he put down the luggage and returned to the car.由 after, before, as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句，已经清楚地表明了动作的先后关系，也 可以用一般过去时表示先后发生的动作。过去将来时用法1. 过去时将来时是对于过去某一时间点而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从 句中。we were all surprised when he made it clear that he would leave office soon.at that

16、 time i knew we should succeed.s he hoped that they would meet again someday.t hey said it would be fine.i rang up to tell my father that i should leave for london.2. 表示过去的某种习惯行为。she would lose the key!he would sit for hours doing nothing.3. 过去将来时除了用“should, would+动词原形”表达外，还有以下几种表达法。第 3 页was/were go

17、ing to 表示过去的打算和意图：he was going to start work the following week. （打算）he said he was going to visit china the next week.表示没有实现的打算和意图h e was going to come last night, but it rained. (没有实现)h thought the film was going to be interesting. （结果不是如此）“was/were to+动词原形”通常指过去的计划安排或注定要发生的事情。如果计划的动作没有 实现，要用动词的完成

18、式。he said he was to meet his girlfriend at the station at 4p.m. （计划安排）these first words were to change my world. (注定要发生的事情)at that time he did not know that quitting the job was to become the turning point in his life. ( 注 定要发生的事情)she said she was to take up the position. (表示打算)she said she was to h

19、ave taken up the position. ( 计划但未能实现)was/were about to动词原形，表示过去即将发生的事。i felt that something terrible was about to happen.we were about to go there when it began to rain.表示位置转移的动词 (如 go，come，leave，start 等)的过去进行时，表示按照过去的计划 安排将在过去将来发生的事情。i didnt know you were coming.he hurried into the carriage. the tr

20、ain was leaving in a few minutes.一般过去时和过去完成时的区别“时间名词 + before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词 + ago”在句中作 状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：he said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.xiao hua left school 3 years ago.she left her case on the train.she found she had left her case on the train.he wrote a lot of

21、 poems.he showed me the poems he had written.在 before 或 after 引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。after he (had) left the room, the boss came in. （“离开”的动作在“进来”之前，在“过去的过去”， 用过去完成时正确；同时，句中已经有了 before 来明确两个动作的先后关系，用一般过去 时也可以。）we arrived home before it snowed.时态考查方式一、利用干扰时态考查一般现在时或一般过去时第 4 页当命题者想针对一般现在时或一般过去时这样的简单时态设题时，他们通常都会同时设置一个其他的干扰时态，以扰乱学生思维。此时千万不要受干扰时态的影响而步入命题人的 陷阱。this machine _. it hasnt worked for years. (浙江卷)a. didnt work b. wasnt working c. doesnt work d. isnt working答案选 c。此处讲的是机器目前的状况，故用一般现在时。此题所利用的干扰时态是其后的 现在完成时。二、利用时态标志考查现在完成时态的用法在高中阶段，很多情况都不能仅凭某种相应的 “ 时态标志 ” 去判断时态，比如 “for+时间 段”可能用于过去时。但是在这