A Brief Analysis Between Chinese Etiquette and the Western Etiquette浅析中西方礼仪差异

1、瞳栉浅析中西方礼仪差异一、 课题(论文)提纲瞳栉引言瞳栉1.礼仪的重要性及中西礼仪的价值瞳栉1.1.礼仪的概述及学习它的原因瞳栉1.2.中西礼仪价值瞳栉2.中国礼仪与西方礼仪之间的差异瞳栉 2.1.中西方礼仪的起源瞳栉 2.1.1.中国礼仪的起源瞳栉 2.1.2.西方礼仪的起源瞳栉 2.2.中西方文化对礼仪的影响瞳栉 2.2.1.中西方社交方式的差异对礼仪的影响瞳栉 2.2.2.中西方对礼仪的个人理念的差异瞳栉 2.2.2.1.中国的谦逊态度与西方的个人主义思想瞳栉 2.2.2.2.中国的保守主义精神与西方的探索创新精神瞳栉 2.2.2.3.中国的团队合作与西方的个人自由瞳栉2.2.3.中西社

2、交习俗的差异对礼仪的影响瞳栉 2.3.对中西礼仪教育观念的比较瞳栉 2.3.1.中国的礼仪教育瞳栉 2.3.2.西方的礼仪教育瞳栉3.中国和西方文明的共同财富瞳栉 3.1.人类文明的重要象征瞳栉 3.2.西方文明不朽的精髓瞳栉 3.3.中国道德准则与西方道德准则的融合瞳栉结论瞳栉二、内容摘要瞳栉The etiquette becomes more and more important in modern daily life. Etiquette is the process and means to show respect to each other in interpersonal re

3、lationship by certain, common procedures. Etiquette also can be said to be a persons external appearance of inward cultivation and quality. People take it as a standard to balance a persons self-cultivation. Since different countries have different histories and cultures, there are a lot of differen

4、ces in the habit of conducts and the ceremony, especially between China and the West, the jokes and the mistakes caused by misunderstanding is not unusual. This shows that the understanding of the different etiquettes between Chinese andthe Westerners is absolutely necessary. In the office, to under

5、stand each others customer will be conductive to the exchanges between the countries. A person who understands others rituals and folk customs can be seen as respecting for others and can be easier to make a good impression on the other side. Along with the constant development of Chinese culture an

6、d the Western culture, Chinese ritual and the Western ritual are fusions. The Westerners have accepted the reasonable factors in Chinese culture and other important feelings. Chinese people have gradually accepted the advanced civilization of the Western culture and etiquette style. However, in real

7、 life, the etiquettes impact due to cultural differences between China and the West still exists. The paper explores the differences between Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette to make Chinese communicate with the Westerners more easily.瞳栉现代礼仪在日常生活中越来越显示出它的重要性。是人们普遍用来表达他们对他人尊重的一种方式,是一个人在涵养及素

8、质的一种外在表现。人们都把礼仪作为衡量一个人教养和风度的标准.由于各国的历史和文化底蕴不同，各国人民在进行礼尚交往时的习惯也有不少差异。特别是中西方之间，礼仪上的差异很大，因为不了解这些差异而引起的误会和笑话也不少见。由此可见了解中西方交往的习惯差异是很有必要的。往大处来说，一个国家无论是在政治上，还是在经济贸易中，了解对方国家的礼仪习惯，将有利于各国之间的交往。从小处来说，一个人了解对方的礼仪和民间习惯，是对对方的尊重且容易给对方留下好印象，以便交往的顺利进行。随着中西方文化的不断发展，中西方的礼仪正在相互融合，西方人逐渐接受了中国文化中重情感等合理因素，中国人也逐渐接受了西方文化中先进文明

9、的礼仪和交往方式。但在现实生活中，由于中西方文化的差异对礼仪产生的影响还很多，为此本文探讨研究了中西方礼仪的差异，使中西方人们之间的交往更加容易。三、 参考文献瞳栉1 邓惠.论中西方文化对礼仪的影响J.沿海企业与科技.2005.2 韩东红.从待人接物看中西方礼仪J.福建商业高等专科学校学报. 2000.3 胡文仲. 文化与文学M. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社.1994.4 黄艳丽.中西方文化差异与社交礼仪J.邵阳学院学报. 2005.5 蒋静萍. 东西方礼仪教育之比较J. 湘潭大学学报. 2006.6 任雪萍.中西方不同文化环境下的礼仪 J.安徽电力职工大学学报.2003.7 李志敏.跟卡耐基

10、学礼仪.北京:中国商业出版社.2005.8 孙爱珍. 中西方礼仪文化的差异J. 山西教育学院学报.2002.9 唐纳德. 现代西方礼仪M. 上海：上海翻译出版社.1986 . 瞳10惠宇.新世纪汉英大词典.北京:外语教学与研究出版社.2002.瞳栉瞳栉A Brief Analysis Between Chinese Etiquette and the Western Etiquette瞳栉Abstract：瞳栉The etiquette becomes more and more important in modern daily life. Etiquette is the process

11、and means to show respect to each other in interpersonal relationship by certain, common procedures. Etiquette also can be said to be a persons external appearance of inward cultivation and quality. People take it as a standard to balance a persons self-cultivation. Since different countries have di

12、fferent histories and cultures, there are a lot of differences in the habit of conducts and the ceremony, especially between China and the West, the jokes and the mistakes caused by misunderstanding is not unusual. This shows that the understanding of the different etiquettes between Chinese andthe

13、Westerners is absolutely necessary. In the office, to understand each others customer will be conductive to the exchanges between the countries. A person who understands others rituals and folk customs can be seen as respecting for others and can be easier to make a good impression on the other side

14、. Along with the constant development of Chinese culture and the Western culture, Chinese ritual and the Western ritual are fusions. The Westerners have accepted the reasonable factors in Chinese culture and other important feelings. Chinese people have gradually accepted the advanced civilization o

15、f the Western culture and etiquette style. However, in real life, the etiquettes impact due to cultural differences between China and the West still exists. The paper explores the differences between Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette to make Chinese communicate with the Westerners more eas

16、ily.瞳栉Key Words: Etiquette; comparison; Chinese etiquette; the Western etiquette瞳栉关键词：礼仪；差异；中国；西方Introduction瞳栉Etiquette is the process and means to show respect to each other in interpersonal relationship by certain, common procedures. The Etiquette can be said to be a persons external appearance o

17、f inward cultivation and quality. Firstly, it can help people raise their self-cultivation. Secondly, it will promote social interaction and improve peoples interpersonal relationship. It also can purify the society. Since different countries have different historical and cultural backgrounds. There

18、 are a lot of differences in the ceremony, especially between China and the West. The understanding of the differences between Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette are absolutely necessary. The paper explores the differences of Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette. In modern society, i

19、t seems that the world is getting smaller and smaller, people are very active with frequent exchanges. Many countries are paying great attention to combine international etiquette with national etiquette creatively. Etiquette is the common wealth of Chinese civilization and the Western civilization.

20、瞳栉1. The Important Role of Etiquette and the Value of the Study of Chinese Etiquette and the Western Etiquette瞳栉Etiquette is an important part of human life. It has many functions. So it plays an important role in human society.瞳栉11. The Concept of Etiquette and the Reasons for Studying Etiquette Et

21、iquette is the process and means to show respect to each other in interpersonal relationship by certain, common procedures. Etiquette can be said to be a persons external appearance of inward cultivation and quality. From the aspect of communication, interpersonal etiquette can be regarded as a kind

22、 of art, a method of communication. It is a common respect for person and a friendly practice in interpersonal relationships. From the respect of transmitting, interpersonal rituals can be roughly divided into chief etiquette, business etiquette, service etiquette, social etiquette, foreign etiquett

23、e and several other major branches. Firstly, it can help people to raise their self-cultivation. Secondly, it will promote social interaction and improve peoples interpersonal relationship. It also can purify the ethos of society. From the point of view of collectivity, etiquette can create the imag

24、e, improve the customs ultimately and achieve the purpose of enhancing the economy and social benefits. Etiquette, which is an important part of the companys culture and the entrepreneurs spirit, is a major attachment of groups image. Almost all international enterprises have a high standard of etiq

25、uette and regard etiquette as an important part of groups culture. At the same time, it also can be regarded as the important software to obtain international fame. Therefore, studying etiquette is the trend of the times and the actual need of enhancing the competition.瞳栉1.2. The Value of the Study

26、of the Western Etiquette and Chinese Etiquette Since different countries have different histories and cultures, there are a lot of differences in the habit of conduct and the ceremony, especially between China and the West, the jokes and the mistakes caused by misunderstanding is not unusual. In mod

27、ern history, there are two stories concerning the misunderstanding of different etiquettes. The first one is about Li Hong Zhang who was invited by Bismarck to a diner. Due to a lack of the Western etiquette knowledge, he drank the water which was used to wash hands after eating the fruit. Then Bism

28、arck did not understand Chinese customer, in order not to make Li Hong Zhang lose his face, he drank the water too. Other officers also followed him and refrained from laughing. Here is another story: a KMT officer and his wife went to the airport to meet a consultant from the United States. After t

29、he meeting, the consultant said “Your wife is really beautiful!” The officer felt embarrassed and replied : “哪里，哪里！” It is just a polite way which is very common in China for the kind of the words he addressed. But the clumsy interpreter translated : “哪里，哪里！” like “where, where?” American consultant

30、 could not understand, he thought “I just praised his wife, and why he asked me where his wife is beautiful”. Then, he said: “she is beautiful from head to toe.” These two jokes are due to the lack of etiquette knowledge about the differences between China and the West. This shows that the understan

31、ding of the differences of the Western etiquettes and Chinese etiquettes are absolutely necessary. To the officers, to understand each others customs will be conductive to the exchanges between the different countries. A person who understands others rituals and folk customs can be seen as respectin

32、g for others and can be easier to make a good impression on the other side. Along with the constant development of Chinese and the Western cultures, Chinese ritual and the Western ritual are fusions. The Westerners have accepted the reasonable factors in Chinese culture and other important feelings.

33、 At the same time Chinese people have gradually accepted the advanced civilization of the Western culture and etiquette style. However, in real life, the impact on etiquette due to cultural differences between China and the West still exists. So the study of the Western etiquette and Chinese etiquet

34、te is very valuable and reasonable.瞳栉2. The Difference between Chinese Etiquette and the Western Etiquette瞳栉There are three main differences between Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette. The first one is different origins of Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette. In China, etiquette is

35、equal to courtesy and ceremony. In the West, the word etiquette used to mean “keep your feet away from the grass”. The second one is the differences ofcultural backgrounds. The third one is the differences of educations.瞳栉2.1. The Origins of Chinese Etiquette and the Western Etiquette瞳栉Chinese etiqu

36、ette and the Western etiquette have different origins.瞳栉2.1.1. The Origin of Chinese Etiquette瞳栉In China, etiquette is equal to courtesy and ceremony. The essence of etiquette is the method of dealing with people and the belief in ghosts and spirits. People consider that all things are controlled by

37、 the ghosts which can not be seen. Therefore, the etiquette is originated from the belief in ghosts and spirits, as well as a special form of belief in ghosts and spirits. China is a state of ceremonies. Back to five thousand years ago, etiquette used to be the core of traditional culture. Up to now

38、, the etiquette has been really reformed. Thus it becomes rituals of modern civilization. Chinese etiquette in Chinese culture plays a “quasi-legal” role. Etiquettes origins can be traced back to the early time of human beings. It should be said that at the very beginning of the history of the Chine

39、se nation, etiquette was generated along with the human activities and with a primitive religion. Etiquette is the system to deal with the three relationships among the people, God and the ghosts. It is said that there were “five ceremonies” in ancient China. In fact etiquette can be divided into tw

40、o main parts, one is politics, and the other is life. Chinese legal system was bred during the establishment and implementation of the protocol. The essence of etiquette is the way how to deal with people and the belief in ghosts and spirits.瞳栉2.1.2 The Origin of the Western Etiquette瞳栉In the Wester

41、n countries, the word etiquette used to mean “keep your feet away from the grass”. Louis gardener noticed that the aristocrats were walking through his gardens and then he put up signs (etiquette) to warn them off. The dukes and duchesses walked right past these signs. Due to this blatant disregard,

42、 the king of Versailles decreed that no individual was to go beyond the bounds of the etiquettes. The meaning of etiquette would later include the ticket to court functions that lists the instructions on which a person would stand and what was to be done. Etiquette, like language, has evolved, but i

43、t still means literally “keep off the grass”. Until the 1960s, the importance of good manners was taught without question, but with the liberated 1970s, it had been declining in the popularity of teaching proper etiquette. In 2004, a new emphasis has been placed on returning to traditional values. P

44、roper etiquette and protocol have given children and adults a vital tool that provides not only a competitive edge, but a sense of confidence.瞳栉2.2. The Impact of the Western Culture and Chinese Culture on Etiquette The Chinese and Westerners has different cultural backgrounds. Chinese etiquette and

45、 the Western etiquette are affected by their culture deeply.瞳栉2.2.1. The Impact of Different Modes of Social Interaction on Etiquette Chinese cultures and the Western cultures have attached great importance to interpersonal relationship. However, they were clearly different in exchanging ideas. Chin

46、ese are very warm and hospitable, which contained in relationships, being not seemed to be preserved. It is granted to understand the age, occupation, income, marital status, children and other issues with each other. The Westerners will generally not do like that. Chinese will ask the price of good

47、s which is bought by others directly. In the eyes of Chinese people, the price is only for items or rank. It is said the quality of goods. In Westerners eyes, if you do the same thing, it may be regarded as the inquiry of others economic conditions. It is also the privacy of the Westerners which sho

48、uld not be asked directly. If you want to know the price in details, you can only tactfully praise the achievement of the goods. Under such circumstances, the Westerners will tell you if it is cheap or expensive in general, but they normally do not tell you the price. Chinese prefer to ask “where ar

49、e you going?” when they meet others. This is just a form of calling in China. And if it happens in the United States, it might make the other feel embarrassed, because it belongs to others privacy you should not interfere in. In addition, the distance of the interaction between people can be divided

50、 into four types. There are close distance, individual distance, social distance and public distance. Chinese peoples kind relatively belongs to close distance. We often see two Chinese girls walking on the street arm-in-arm which is rare to see in the West. The Westerners think that the Chinese are

51、 too close. On the contrary, the Chinese feel that the Westerners are very cold, arrogant, distant with others, and unfriendly. If Chinese people find that there is a thrum in others clothes, they will naturally pick it off. It is a bad behavior in the eyes of the Westerners. When Chinese meet a fri

52、end who wears very pretty clothes, he will stroke the clothes before asking price or texture. The Westerners will not do like that but directly praise his friends and his beautiful clothes.瞳栉2.2.2. The Differences between the Personal Philosophies of Etiquette Chinese and the Westerners have differe

53、nces between the personal philosophies of etiquette.瞳栉2.2.2.1.Individualism of the West and Modesty of China.瞳栉The Westerners are proud of the achievements of individuals. They never cover up their self-confidence, and are always proud of the accomplishment and the ecstasy of themselves. Conversely,

54、 the promotion of Chinese culture does not flaunt personal honor. Generally, Chinese people usually oppose or defy the people who are proud of themselves. However, the Westerners are dissatisfied with the Chinese self-denial or self-modesty. “Your English is very good!” “No, my English is poor.” For

55、 Chinese people, it is a modest response. But for the Westerners, it is not only denying himself but also denying people who appreciate him. This shows that the modesty of Chinese style is not feasible in the West.瞳栉 2.2.2.2. The Spirit of Exploration and Innovation and the Spirit of Middlebrow瞳栉In

56、Western countries, people are encouraged to be explorative, be innovative and do outstanding terrific cases that can not be done by our predecessors. Traditional Chinese culture requires people to be impartial, follow moderation. They are more willing to maintain the status quo and harmony. Of cours

57、e, China has also made great efforts on promoting innovation. However, the adventurous spirit still can not be comparable with the West.瞳栉2.2.2.3. Individual Freedom and Teamwork瞳栉The Westerners cherish individual freedom and independence. They are not willing to be subjected to any limitation. Chin

58、ese culture mostly emphasizes on collective interests. They subordinate their personal interests to advocate collective interests. They advocate unity, cooperation and unison.瞳栉2.2.3. The Impact of Different Social Customs on Etiquette瞳栉In Chinese culture, men are usually respected highly. This was

59、mainly affected by the feudal system. Chinese culture attaches importance on gender equality in modern society. But in some cases man is still superior to women. Women are still subjected to discrimination. In Europe and the United States as well as other Western countries, respecting on women is their