bookunitcloning

1、精品文档 Book 8 Unit 2 Cloning Boo8Unit2cloning WaringupandPre-reading .背景阅读 cloningisthetechniqueofproducingageneticallyidenticalduplicateofanorganis.Acloneissaidtobealldescendantsderivedasexuallyfroasingleindividual,asbycuttings,bulbs,byfission,byitosis,orbyparthenogenesisreproduction.Itsoundsverydiff

2、erentandcoplicatedtous. Infact,inourdailylife,thishappensoften.Forexaple,gardenerstaecuttingsfrogrowingplantstoaenewones.youoftenseethatyourotherpicsasallbranchfroagrowingplanttoaeanewone.Ifsheliesthisindofflowers,shecandocloning.cloningalsohappensinanialsorhuanbeingswhentwinsidenticalinsexandappear

3、anceareproducedfrothesaeoriginalegg.Thefactisthatcloningplantsisstraightforwardbutthecloningofanialsisorecoplicated. Thepossibilityofhuancloning,raisedwhenScottishscientistsatRoslinInstitutecreatedtheuch-celebratedsheep”Dolly”,arousedworldwideinterestandconcernbecauseofitsscientificandethicaliplicat

4、ions.ShewasthefirstaaltobeclonedfroadultDNAtaenfroanadultcell.Previously,anialshadonlybeenclonedusingebryocellswhichalreadyhavethepotentialtobecoeacopleteebryoinitsownright.ThebigbreathroughwithDollywastoaeaclonefroanordinary,adultcellinthiscasefroafealegoatsudder. 1.Fillintheblansaccordingtothepass

5、age. 1)Thedefinitionofcloning cloningisa_ofproducingageneticallyidenticalduplicateofananialoraplant.Ithappensbothin_andin_.Theycanbeclonedby_orhuans.Theforeris_clonewhilethelatterisan-adeclone. 2)HowdoesDollydifferfroothersheep? Shewas_byhuanswhiletheotherswerebornnaturally. So,Dollywasa_sheep. 2.Di

6、scussthefollowingquestions. 1).canyouseeanycloninghappeninourdailylife? 2).Whatbenefitscanhuansgainfrocloning? 3).Whatproblesayarisewhenhuansarecloned? 4).Shouldwecloneahuan? 5).couldcloningreplacesexastheeansofcreatingnewhuanlife? 6).couldaparentcloneachildwhoisdyingofaterinalillness? Reading I.Rea

7、dingcoprehension: 1.Theainideaofthetextis_ A.anialcloningisveryvaluableandcanbenefittheworld. B.anialcloningcouldbeisusedbybadpeoplesoitustbeforbidden. c.anialcloningiswelldevelopedbecauseDollythesheepwasborn. D.anialcloningraisedarguentsandscientistsarenotsureaboutitsfuture. 2.ThecloningofDollythes

8、heepsucceededbecause_.A.itseasiertocloneasheepthanotheranialsB.thescientistsweredeterinedandworedhardwithpatience c.thescientistswererewardedandgotlotsofoney D.anyotheratteptstocloneaalsfailed 3.Whatisthewritersattitudetowardcloninginthispassage? A.Thewriterisagainstcloning. B.Thewriterisinfavorofcl

9、oning. c.Thewriterisneutraltowardscloning. D.Thewriterisinagreeentwithcloning. 4.Whichofthefollowingisnotanadvantageofcloning? A.cloningcanbeusedforedicalpurposes. B.Largequantitiesoffoodcanbeproducedbycloning. c.cloningcanhelpeepanialsfrobecoingextinct. D.Peoplecanclonetheselvesatwill. 5.Wecaninfer

10、frothelastthreeparagraphsthat_. A.ThenoraldevelopentofDollyhadnoeffectonthecloningofotherspecies. B.Dollysseriousdiseaseandfinaldeathdisturbedthewholeworld. c.Dollysuccessfullyclonedanewlabwiththehelpofcloningscientists. D.Therewerearguentsaboutanialsaboutanialcloningandconcernsaboutthefutureofcloni

11、ng. 6.Whatisthewritingstyle? A.Expositive（说明性的）B.Descriptive c.Arguentative（议论性的）D.Narrative II.Fastreading:TrueorFalsequestions 1.cloningeansaingacopyofananialoraplant. 2.Gardenerscanaealotofoneybycloningplants. 3.cloninganialsisascoplicatedascloningplants. 4.Dollythesheepwasthefirstsuccessfulclone

12、ofaaal. 5.Naturalcloneshappeninanialsaswellasinplants. III.Fillinthechartusingtheinforationfrothetext.Addonereasonofyourownineachcolun. ProblesordangersofcloningAdvantagesofcloning Anialsay_ _ofolderanials.edicalcloningcould_forseriousdegenerative(变质的）_inhuans. Anialclonesay_ _thanthedonoranialsclon

13、ingplantscan_ _ofsiilar_. _aywanttoclonetheselves.cloningplantscanbe_forresearchon_. Thereare_tocloninghuanbeings.cloningcanhelpsave_. .Writing 用大约30个词概括课文的内容，然后根据以下要求写一篇文章。 内容: 1人们对克隆的看法 2你对克隆所持的观点。 要求:词数:120 题目自拟 _ _ LanguagePointsofReading1 1.differvi.不一致,不同,相异,不同意,意见相左 常见的搭配有： AandBdifferin Adif

14、fersfroB sbdifferfro/withsbon/about/over/uponsth 拓展:differentadj. differencen.差异,差别,分歧,争论,差额 bedifferentfro与不同 aenodifferencetosb.对没有影响 aeadifference起作用,产生影响 即时练习：用介词fro,with,on,about,upon或in填空。 (1)Wediffer_hi_thatquestion. (2)Thetwonationsdiffer_cultureandreligion. (3)Thecliateherediffers_thatofthe

15、South. 2.undertaevt.实施，从事，着手做，承担,担任,许诺,保证，采取,答应 undertaesth承担某事 undertaeatas/project承担一个任务/项目 undertaetodosth许诺做某事/同意做某事 undertaethat保证 即时练习：完成下列句子。 Hewill_nextonth(去旅行). He_(承担了一项新任务). 我愿意承接这项变革的责任。 Ican_forthechanges. 他许诺当我们的向导. He_ourguide. 3.disturbvt.扰乱,使不安,弄乱 disturbedadj.被乱的,动乱的,不安的 disturbin

16、gadj.令人不安的/烦扰 即时练习：用disturb,disturbing,disturbed填空。 (1)Ivery_aboutAlice. (2)Dont_thepapersonydes. (3)Thiscountryisina_state. (4)What_newsitis! (5)Alightwind_thesurfaceofthewater. 4.castdown：feelingunhappyanddepressed使沮丧,低沉，使下降,推翻 becastdown=feeldiscouraged 实验失败使得他很沮丧。 Hewasuchcastdownbythefailureoft

17、heexperient. 不要沮丧。继续保持你的精神。 Dontbesocastdown.justeepupyourspirits. 即时练习：将下列句子译成英语 (1)听到这个消息他很沮丧。 _ (2)发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。 _ 拓展: castaway丢弃,抛弃,使失事,使漂流 castoff放弃；丢弃,摆脱 castout赶走,驱逐 5.AltogetherDollylivedforsixyears, altogetheradv. 全部，总共 这个中心区在这次飓风中失去了1000多棵树。 _ 总而言之 总之，我们的成就是巨大的。 _ 完全地(copletely) 他并不完全确信接下去

18、做什么。 _ 区别:alltogether与altogether 作“总共”解时，它们可以互换使用。 Therewerealtogether/alltogether42studentsintheclass. 我们班总共有42个学生。 alltogether作“一道,一起”解时,不能用altogether替换。 Theycaealltogether.他们一起来。 altogether意为“完全地，彻底地，总之，总而言之”，不可与alltogether互换，用于否定句时是部分否定。 Itsaltogetheroutofthequestion.它完全不可能。 Idontaltogetheragree

19、withyou.我并不完全赞同你的看法 6.forbidvt.(forbade/forbad,forbidden,forbidding)禁止，不准，不许 forbidsth. forbiddoingsth. forbidsb.todosth. forbidthat lSoingshouldbeforbiddeninpublicplaces.公共场所应禁止吸烟。 lIforbidyoutotellanyone.我不准你告诉任何人 lThelawforbidsbuildingonthisland.法律禁止在这块土地上建筑。 即时练习：完成下列句子 (1)Theschool_(禁止学生吸烟). (2

20、)Heisforbidden_(进入这个房间). 7.infavourof赞成；有利于(与against相对) Isheinfavouroftheplan?他赞成这项计划吗？ 拓展： insbsfavor对某人有利 dosbafavor=doafavorforsb帮某人忙做 infavorwithsb.受某人支持 即时练习：将下列句子译成英语 目前我没有得到大家的支持。 _ 今天你能帮个忙去学校接迈克吗？ _ 8.objectto反对；不同意 objecttosb/sth反对/不赞成某人某事 objecttodoingsth反对做某事 objecttosbdoingsth反对某人做某事 hav

21、e/aeanobjectionto(doing)sth对表示反对 即时练习：将下列句子译成英语 学生反对像孩子似地被对待。 _ 我们反对因为一个人的错误而惩罚整个班级。 _ ReadingII .Answerthefollowingquestions: 1.Doyouliedinosaurs?Wherehaveyouseenthe?canyouseetheinourreallife?Why? 2.Doyouthinitispossibletoclonedinosaurs?Ifyes,doyouthinthatsgoodforhuanbeings?Why? .Fastreading 1.Thew

22、riterofthetext_ A.isexcitedbythepossibilityofcloningfierceandextinctanials B.believesthatextinctanialscanbebroughtbactolifebycloning c.thinsitipossibleorunsuitabletocloneextinctanialsliedinosaurs D.dreasofdinosaursreturningtotheearth 2.ThefiljurassicParispopularbecause_. A.peopleareinterestedinthesu

23、bjectofcloning B.alltheactorsaredinosaurs c.itwasdirectedbyascientistwhoclonesdinosaurs D.itprovesveryinteresting 3.Whichofthefollowingistrue?_ A.icewereclonedin1981. B.Dollythesheepwasthefirstclonedanial. c.Thenaeoftheclonedcowis“Bison” D.chinawassuccessfulincloningaals. 4.Thereasonswhyagroupofclon

24、edanialsalldieofthesaeillnessdo NoTinclude_. A.theyhavethesaearrangeentofgenes B.thereisntenoughdiversityinthegroupforittoovercoeillnesses c.theillnessisanewone D.theirarrangeentofgenescannotresistthatnewdisease 5.Wecaninferfrothetextthat_ A.scientistsareexperientingtoclonedinosaurs B.dinosaurswilln

25、everreturntotheearth c.clonedanialswillonlyliveinthezoo D.theDNAofdinosaurscanonlysurvive10,000year .Languagepoints 1.frotietotie=occasionally,nowandthen有时,间或,偶尔, 2.invaininvein徒然，白费，无效 Dayafterdayshe_forhitotelephoneher. 日复一日，她徒劳地等待他的电话。 Theyendeavouredtoaeherhappy_他们尽量使她快乐，却徒劳无功。 Allourwor_我们的工作全都

26、白干了。 3.resist 1)抵抗 Toresistornottoresistjapan?要不要抗日? 2)抗(酸),耐(热等) Thisspecialcoatingisdesigned_rust. 这一特别的涂层旨在抗锈。 Ahealthybody_disease.健康的身体能抵御疾病。 3)(常用于否定句)忍耐,忍住+v-ing I_theteptationtoteaseollie.我忍不住要逗奥利玩 4.baseon/upon以为基础,依据 basesth.on/upon sth.isbasedon/upon 单元词组复习 翻译词组： 1，使沮丧_ 2，赞成，支持_ 3，反对_ 4，一

27、定；注定_ 5，不时_ 6，使复生_ 7，在另一方面_ 8，把建立在基础上_ 9，值得做某事_ 10，通过（方式）_ 11,一直，总是_ Graar 聚焦名词性从句 讲一讲同学们在学习和使用名词性从句时要特别注意以下几点： 1.注意连接词that与what的区别： that在引导名词性从句时，只起连接作用，不在从句中作任何成分；what在引导名词性从句时不仅起连接作用，而且在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。如： Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwaswhatwedidthisorning.（what作did的逻辑宾语） Whataesthisshopdiffe

28、rentisthatitoffersorepersonalservices.（what引导主语从句，且在主语从句中作主语） 2.注意连接词whether与if的区别： whether可引导所有的名词性从句，if一般只能引导宾语从句。在引导宾语从句时两者常可互换，但介词后的宾语从句只能用whether引导；此外，whether后可直接用ornot,if则不行。如： Thequestioniswhetherhewillacceptourinvitationandcoetoourparty.（whether引导表语从句，一般不用if代替） canyoutellewhetherornotthetrai

29、nhasleft?（与ornot直接连用，只能用whether） 3.注意名词性从句与定语从句的区别： 名词性从句相当于一个名词，在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语等，而定语从句相当于一个形容词，在句中充当定语。 有些连接词如that,which,where,when等，既可引导名词性从句又可引导定语从句；还有些连接词如what,whatever等，不能引导定语从句。如： Heproisedtodoeverythingthathecoulddotohelpusout.(that引导定语从句) Heproisedtodowhateverhecoulddotohelpusout.(whatever引导

30、宾语从句) Thecoatisstillwhereyouhaveleftit.(where引导表语从句) Thecoatisstillintheroowhereyouhaveleftit.(where引导定语从句) 巩固练习 Exercise1 下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并改正。 1.Whatfashiondiffersfrocountrytocountryayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfrooneaspect. 2.Theywanttoaeitcleartothepublictheyaredoinganiportantandnecessaryjob. 3.T

31、heprobleiswhyyoucantforceeveryonetolistentoyou. 4.Noonecantellexactlythatanwillloolieinaillionyears. 5.Ijusthavenoideathathehasbeensoexcitedthesedays. 6.Policewerecalledintofindoutthatcausedthebigfire. 7.Itisrequiredweshouldhaveaclasseetingtodiscusstheproble. 8.Thedoctorsreallydoubtthatyotherwillrec

32、overfrotheseriousdiseasesoonornot. 9.Itwassuggestedthathewassenttothehospitalatonce. 10.Iainterestedinthatyouarereading. Exercise2 choosethebestanswer. 1.Theyexpressedthehope_theywouldcoeovertochina. A.whichB.thatc.whoD.when 2.Thefact_hedidntseeToyesterdayistrue. A.thatB.whichc.whenD.what 3.Ihavenoi

33、dea_hewillcoebac. A.whereB.whenc.whatD.that 4.Thenews_surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovestobefalse. A.thatB.whenc.whatD.how 5.oneoftheenheldtheview_theboosaidwasright. A.whatthatB.thatwhich c.thatwhatD.whichthat 6.Wordhascoe_soeAericanguestswillcoeforavisittoourcollegenextwee. A.whatB.whetherc.that

34、D.which 7.Headeaproise_anyonesethifreehewouldaehiveryrich. A.thatB.ifc.whatD.thatif 8.Theylosttheirwayintheforestand_adeattersworsewas_nightbegantofall. A.what;thatB.it;that c.what;whenD.which;what 9.arywroteanarticleon_theteahadfailedtowinthegae. A.whyB.what c.whoD.that 10.Iwassurprisedbyherwords,w

35、hichadeerecognize_sillyistaesIhadade. A.whatB.that c.howD.which Exercise3 choosethebestanswer. 1.Thequestionis_thefilisworthseeing. A.ifB.whatc.whetherD.how 2.Theyreceivedorders_theworbedoneatonce. A.whichB.whenc./D.that 3.Thereason_Ihavetogois_yotherisillinbed. A.why;whyB.why;becausec.why;thatD.tha

36、t;because 4._Icantunderstandis_shewantstochangeherind. A.What;whyB.Which;howc.That;whyD.What;because 5._hisdreaofgoingtocollegewillcoetrueisuncertain. A.ThatB.Whetherc.IfD.Evenif 6.Itisnowntous_wherethereispollution,thereishar. A.whichB.wherec.whatD.that 7.Ihavetheinforation_. A.ofwhathellcoesoonB.t

37、hathellcoesoon c.ofthathellcoesoonD.hiscoingsoon 8.-Isawyourneighborbreayourwindowwithabasetball. -_itadeenearlyad. A.ThathebroeB.Whathebroec.HebroeD.Hisbrea shorttie. A.howB.thatc.whenD.what 10.-canIhelpyou? -yes,doyounow_? A.whencoesthebusB.whenwillcoethebus c.whendoesthebuscoeD.whenthebuscoes 教师参

38、考答案 Boo8Unit2cloning WaringupandPre-reading .背景阅读 cloningisthetechniqueofproducingageneticallyidenticalduplicateofanorganis.Acloneissaidtobealldescendantsderivedasexuallyfroasingleindividual,asbycuttings,bulbs,byfission,byitosis,orbyparthenogenesisreproduction.Itsoundsverydifferentandcoplicatedtous.

39、 Infact,inourdailylife,thishappensoften.Forexaple,gardenerstaecuttingsfrogrowingplantstoaenewones.youoftenseethatyourotherpicsasallbranchfroagrowingplanttoaeanewone.Ifsheliesthisindofflowers,shecandocloning.cloningalsohappensinanialsorhuanbeingswhentwinsidenticalinsexandappearanceareproducedfrothesa

40、eoriginalegg.Thefactisthatcloningplantsisstraightforwardbutthecloningofanialsisorecoplicated. Thepossibilityofhuancloning,raisedwhenScottishscientistsatRoslinInstitutecreatedtheuch-celebratedsheep”Dolly”,arousedworldwideinterestandconcernbecauseofitsscientificandethicaliplications.Shewasthefirstaalt

41、obeclonedfroadultDNAtaenfroanadultcell.Previously,anialshadonlybeenclonedusingebryocellswhichalreadyhavethepotentialtobecoeacopleteebryoinitsownright.ThebigbreathroughwithDollywastoaeaclonefroanordinary,adultcellinthiscasefroafealegoatsudder. 1.Fillintheblansaccordingtothepassage. 1)Thedefinitionofc

42、loning cloningisaway/techniqueofproducingageneticallyidenticalduplicateofananialoraplant.Ithappensbothinplantsandinanials.Theycanbeclonedbytheselvesorhuans.Theforerisnaturalwhilethelatterisan-ade. 2)HowdoesDollydifferfroothersheep? Shewasclonedbyhuanswhiletheotherswerebornnaturally. So,Dollywasaclon

43、edsheep. 2.Discussthefollowingquestions. 1).canyouseeanycloninghappeninourdailylife? 2).Whatbenefitscanhuansgainfrocloning? 3).Whatproblesayarisewhenhuansarecloned? 4).Shouldwecloneahuan? 5).couldcloningreplacesexastheeansofcreatingnewhuanlife? 6).couldaparentcloneachildwhoisdyingofaterinalillness? Referenceanswerstothequestions 1.Thishappensinplantswhengardenerstaecuttingsfrogrowingplantstoaenewones,andwhensallpartsofaplantaretaenandgowninalaboratory.Italsohappensinanialswhentwinsidenticalinsexandappearanceareproducedfrothesaeoriginalegg. 2.Itcanhelpcurediseaseandcanhelpcoupleswhohav