医学术语中的复数形式

1、医学词根 词根承载着词得核心意义，如： cardiopathy（ 心脏病 ）、myocarditis 心肌炎、 electrocardiogram 心电图 ; gastritis 胃炎、 agastria 无胃、 epigastric 上腹部。分为自由词根与黏着词根。自由词 根度里存在具有实际意义，也可与其它成分构成新词，如：Gene genealogy 家系；homogeneity（ 同种性 ） 。黏着词根有意义，但能独立存在，如： 表示：汗 , hidro-hidrosadenitis 汗腺炎 ; 关节 arthro-arthroendoscopy 关节内腔镜检查 ;cerebro-cer

2、ebrocentric 大脑中枢得 ; audi audibility 能听度 ; pneumo-pneumonia 肺炎； uri-uriasis 尿石病;secre-secretagogue促分泌素。词缀却用来改变词得含义与性质，如：re-又；im-不；hetero-异；pseudo假pseudoaquatic假水生得 ,生在潮湿地方得； 后缀： -itis; -oma 肿瘤； -phobia; -spasm 痉挛； -emia 血症； -tomy开刀。结膜 tivaeConjunctivaAppendix 阑尾 dices bacterium 细菌 bacteria axilla 咯肢窝

3、 , 腋窝 diagnosis codex 药典bacteriumProtozoon 原生动物Fundus 基底尖端 apicesApexGanglion 神经节 ganglia bronchus 支气管 bronchi axillae diagnosescodicesbacteriaAnalysis 分析 lysesEdema 水肿 edemataprotozoa fundi医学术语中得复数形式希腊词源-ma-mata 如：sarcoma 肉瘤 derma 皮肤 lymphoma 淋巴瘤sarcomata dermata lyphomata-onaprotozoon 原生动物protozoa

4、Ganglion 神经节ganglia- is-esarthrosis 关节病arthrosesPsychosis 精神病psychoses-is-idesglottis 声门glottides-ax-acesthorax 胸腔thoraces-inx-ingesmeninx 脑炎meninges拉丁语词源-a-aemaxilla 上颌骨maxillae-um-alabium 唇labia-us-Ithrombus 血栓thrombi-us- eragenus 种类genera-us-orastercus 粪便stercora-ex-ices-espollex 拇指polices ;Appex

5、 顶点apexes-ix- ices-escervix 颈部cervicesVaix 静脉曲张varices-s-savas 管vasa更多例子：Fungus 菌类,蘑菇fungi同型类SpeciesTempo速度Corps尸体 另：corpus尸体缩略词speciestempicorps （古）同现 Corpse corpora1、词首+词尾Abortion+mortuary-abortuary 流产胎儿存放室；metabolism+genomics-metanomics 代谢组织；nutrition+ pharmaceutical 营养物质；2、词首+整词Medical+ care-med

6、icare; radiati on therapy radiotherapy3、截短In flue nza-flu;poliomyelitis-polio; morning mng, tuberculosis- TB; Hemoglob in-Hb 血红蛋白；intravenous-i、v、静脉内得；subcutaneous- SC皮下得4、首字母BP-blood pressure; GH-growth horm one; MRI- magn etic resonance imagi ng; DNA-deoxyrib on euclsic acid; MeSH- Medical subject

7、 head in gs; RC-c on diti oned resp on se; ID- diabetic in dex两栖词汇Dressing 敷料； discharged 出院； entity 病种;intervention、治疗；conception 妊娠；culture medium 培养基；trace elements 微量元素； acid fast 抗酸；identical twin 同卵；labor 分娩； Acute 急性得；murmur 有杂音；tender触痛感；secondary bacterial pneumonia、继发性肺炎；Cardiac arrest 心脏骤

8、停；pulmonary consolidation、（肺实变征象）；term（预产期） 医学术语得词源一、以医生或者患者为术语，女口： Parkinson Dissease振颤麻痹，hippocratic face死后面相，以医生为名。 Christmas disease,凝血因子IX缺乏，Hela cells海拉细胞，以患者为名。二、以文学作品或事件中人物为名，Achilleus ten don跟腱；Achilles Jerk跟腱反射；Oedipuscomplex; Electra complex 恋父情结； Jocasta complex 恋子情结； Diana complex 独身情节；

9、 Cain complex兄弟敌对情节；Lear Complex恋女情结。三、 以地名冠名 Keshan disease中国克山微量元素缺乏；Mediterra nn ia n an emia ; Schistosomamekongi湄公河血吸虫。医学术语得三种词源形式例：英语希腊源拉丁源体bodysomacorpus心heartcardiacor肠bowelenteronin testi ne肾kid neyn ephrosrenes铁ironsuderousferrum光lightphoslume n红rederythrosrubrum金goldchrysosaurum女woma ngy

10、nefemale血bloodhemasanq uis、体躯系统英语希腊源拉丁源Body-some, somato-coporo-Headcephalo-capito-necktrachelo-cervico-limbacro-membrumfingerdactylo-digito-thigh 股mero-femoro-chestthoraco-pecto-breastmasto-mammo-bellyventro-abdomino-flank 肋腹laporo-, celiobackopitho-dorsi-waistlumbo-loin二、心血管系统Heartcardiocor-Atrium

11、 心房artrio-aurico-Ventricle 心室ventrico-Vessel 血管angio-vaso-Artery 动脉arterio-Vein 静脉phlebo-veno-三、呼吸系统Breathpneumo-spiro-Noserhino-nazo-Windpipe 支气管bronco-Lungpneumono-pulmo-Air sac 肺泡alvelo-四、消化系统Digestionpepso-gesto-Stomachgestro-Gut 肠entero-intesetinoGallbladdercholecysto-vesica, fellaLiver 肝hepato

12、-jeco-五、口颌系统Mouthstomato-oro-Lipcheilo-labio-Tongueglosso-linquo-Gumsulo-gingivo-Toothodonto-dento-六、泌尿系统Urine 尿uro-Kidneynephro-renoReno pelvis 肾盂pyelo-pelvi-Bladder 膀胱cystovesico-七、生殖系统Womangyneco-femaleEggoo-ovo-Ovary 卵巢oophoroovario-Fallopian tube 输卵管salpino-oviducto-Womb 子宫hystero-, metro-utero

13、-Menstruation 月经meno-mensesManandro-maleseed 精子spermsemino-testis 睾丸orchio-testo-八、内分泌系统Secretion 分泌-crineGlandadino-Pituitary 垂体hypophyso-Sex organ 性腺gonado-九、神经系统Nerveneuro-Brainencephalo-cerebro-Bark 皮质corticomarrow 髓质myelo-medullo-horse 海马hippo-mindpsycho-, phreno-fear-phobia十、皮肤与感觉器官Skindermocu

14、to-Eyeophthalmo-oculoLens 晶体phaco-Glass 玻璃体vitreoCornea 角膜keratocorneoEarotoauriDrum 鼓膜tympanoSenseesthesiosensoEyesight-opvisionHearingacou-audioSmellosmo-olfacto-Taste-geusgustoTouchhapto-,thigmo-十一、肌肉骨骼系统Flesh 肌肉myo-musculo-Bone 骨osteo-os-Cartilage 软骨chondro-Ligament 韧带Ligamento-desmo-Skull 颅骨cra

15、nio-Backbonerachio-,spondylospino-,vertebro-Joint 十二、细胞遗传学arthro-articularCellcyto-corpuscleNut 核karyoneucleusThread 线mito-十三、局部解剖Tissuehisto-textusNipplethelotheliumLayerlaminoFleshscarco-creato-caro-Cave 窦anthro-sino-Doorpyle-porto-BridgeponsSheath 鞘theco-vagino-十四、液体、分泌、免疫Fluidliquid,humoroBloodb

16、aemo-sangui-Whey 血清oro-sero-Milkgalactolacto-gall 胆汁bilegallspit 唾液sialo-salivateardacryo-lacrimo-phlegm 粘液myxo-muco-sweathidro-sudo-stool 粪corpro-fecalo-spleen 脾spleno-lienohypersensitivityanaphylaxis, allergery十五、医用生物学生命 lifebio-vivo-植物 plantphyto-, botano-叶 leavephyllo-folic树 treedendro-arbor根 ro

17、otrhizo-radico-裸 nudegymno-动物 animalzoo-鱼 fishichthyo-牛 bulltauro-bovine狗 dogcyno-canine人类 mananthro-human毒 poisontoxico-virus十六、 病理学与症状粘连 adheasionankylo-adhesion空洞 cavitysyringe-caverno-聋 deafnessanacousissurdi-死亡 deaththanato-nacro-疾病 deseasepatho-morbido-发热 feverpyro-febrile炎症 inflammationphlogo

18、-,-it,is癌 cancercarcino-肿瘤 tumoronco-, neoplasm疼痛 painalgia-dolor浓 puspyo-破裂 break-rrhexisrupture结石 stoneltho-calculo-呕吐 vomit-emsisvomitus出血 bleedinghemorrhage十七、疾病后缀发作 -lepsy症-a（皮肤、结石）症 -iasis 病-igo中毒症 -sm 血症-emia疾病 noso- （过多）症-osis 疾病-pathy, patho十八、诊断图像 -meter,-gram仪器 -graph, -scope术-metry, -gra

19、phy, scopy十九、医用物理学运动 movementkineto-motion速度 speedvelocity时间 timechrono-tempo-长度 lengthlongi-震动 shakevibration热 heatthermo-calori-冷 coldcryo-frigo-空气 airaero-光 lightphoto-sono-力 forcedynamio-power压力 pressurebaro-二十、外科手术切开 cutting-tomyicsision切除 cut away-ectomyexcision,resection造口 opening-stomy造型术 sh

20、ape-plasty缝合术 sew-raphysuture固定术 fixation-pexyimmobilization穿刺术 puncture-centesis破碎术 break-triipsy,-rrhexis二十一、药理学药 drugpharmaco-medicine疗法 treatment-therapyremedy麻醉-narco-, anesthesia促-tropic, agoguestimulating抑制 inhibit-static形 shapemorpho-iform立体 solidstereo-轮状 wheeltroco-球状 ballsphero-globo-角 an

21、gleganio-angle凹 hollowkoillo-concave鳞状 coilspiro-,helicon-舟状 boatscapho-星状 starastero-stellate二十二、性状多 many, muchpoly-multi-少 few, lessoligo-,-peniadeficient大 large macro-小 small micro-远 distaltele-近 nearjuxsta-新 newneo-novo-旧 oldarchaeo-, paleo-甜 sweetgluco-,glycol-苦 bitterpicro-慢 slowbrady-快 swiftt

22、achy-佳 welleu-同 samenesshomo-iso-异 differenceallo-hetero-硬 hardsclero-duro-软 softmalaco-pia-二十三、颜色颜色 hugechromo-colour红 rederythro-rub-黄 yellowxantho-flavor- luteo白 whiteleuco-, leukoalb-黑 blackmelano-nigro-二十四、方位前 beforepro-ant-,pre后 afterpost-retro-上 aboveepi-sup-下 belowhypo-inf-, sub-内 insideendo

23、-int-外 outsideexo-,eco-ext-左 leftsinister-levo-右 rightdextro-中间 middlemeso-medio-二十四、数字半 half一 one二 twohemimono- di-,anphi-semiuni- bi-,ambi-三 threetri-ter-四 fourtetra-quadric-五 fivepent-quinque六 sixhex-sex百 hundredhect-centi-千 thousandkilo-milli-甲 firstmetho-primary乙 secondetho-aceto-丙 thirdprop-te

24、rt-丁 fourthbut-二十五、无机化学酸 acidoxy-碱 basealkalo-钠 sodanatro-sodium-钾kaliumpotassium铁 ironsedero-ferro-铜 copperchalco-cupri-银 silverargyro-argento-金 goldchryso-aur-二十六、有机化学得词尾醛 -al烷 -ane酶 -ase脂、盐 -ate烯 -ene醚-酯 -ester酮 -one醇、酚 -ol糖 -ose-ethersacchro-,-ose lipo- amylo-adipo二十七、无机化学 糖 sugar 脂肪 fat 淀粉 star

25、ch医院名称得翻译X- 光室 X-ray room儿科 Pediatrics Department 儿童医院 Children s hospital 入院处 Admission Office卫生员 Health Worker 卫生医师 hygienist 门诊部 Out-patient Department 口腔科 Stomatology Depeartment内分泌科 EndocrinologyendEukrain Department 引产室 Induced abortion room 检验室 Laboratory 手术室 Operating Room 内科 Internal Medici

26、ne 内科医生 physician 外科 surgery Department 外科医生 Surgeon 皮肤科 Dermatology Department 皮肤科医生 dermatologist 出院处 Discharge Office 主管医生 Physician in Charge 主治医生 attending Physician 主任医生 chief physician 产科医院 maternity hospital 产科医生 obstetrician 产室Obstetrical room(Delivery room) 血清检验室serological laboratory传染病科I

27、nfectious(contagious)Disease Office耳鼻喉科 E、 N、T (otorhinolaryngological) Department创伤科 traumatology Department住院部 in-patient Department护士长head nurse戒毒康复中心 Detoxification and Rehabilitation Treatment Center会诊 Doctors Consultation妇科 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology妇科医生 gynecologist泌尿科 Urology Department神经科 neurosurgery Department骨科 Orthopedics骨科医生 Orthopedi