On the evolution of China's regional differences in time and space（中国的地区差异的演化在时间和空间）

1、 On the evolution of Chinas regional differences in time and space Abstract: Regional economic disparities has been the focus of academic research, the eight regional differences of economic zones, will help us further understand the national, regional differences and regional development issues. Ec

2、onomic Zone in China between 2000 and 2008 the eight regional economic experienced differences inverted U-shaped first increases and shrinking process, the turning point in 2006, resulting in regional differences in the economic zone eight main factors: regional differences in factor endowments, pol

3、icies, supply, system, market awareness, etc. Eight economic District of regional differences is to expand in the future or is reduced, depending on whether the region to take appropriate measures to implement the proactive policy to narrow the differences, to achieve balanced regional development.

4、Keywords: eight economic zones, regional differences, the Gini coefficient, coefficient of variation 1 Introduction Regional economic disparities is the inevitable process of economic development, a phenomenon Regional differences in factor endowments, policy supply, system, market awareness, and ma

5、ny other factors acting on the combined effects of regional economic growth over time the accumulation of differences in regional economic development reflected in the space 1 .20 In the late 1970s, many economists began to focus on differences in the study of Chinas economic development, Yang Weimi

6、n (1992 Gini coefficient used for analysis, that the 1980 income levels between the three general areas difference is reduced, Yangkai Zhong (1994 inter-provincial differences that change in 1978 as the turning point, roughly inverted U-type changes, Wei Houkai et al (1996 that the 1978 - 1992 the M

7、idwest with the differences in the expanding east. Domestic economic differences between regions has been the research focus is academic geography, regional economics is one of the core issues about Chinas regional economic convergence of different scholars from different angles, the results will be

8、 more research unit for the eastern, central and western provinces or three areas or to the county for the research unit, in addition to scholars from the east, central and western South, North perspective. but the eight economic zones for the analysis of China economic research unit to the area dif

9、ferences and trends is still relatively small. 2 Data sources and methods of a research unit of Eight economic zone to the Eleventh Five-Year in Chinas regional planning based on four plates, further divided into China: an integrated economic zone in Northeast, the northern coast of integrated econo

10、mic area, the eastern coast of integrated economic area, the southern coastal economic zone, the Yellow River integrated economic area, the Yangtze River Comprehensive Economic Zone, southwest and northwest integrated economic zone eight plate comprehensive economic zone (hereinafter referred to use

11、 the Northeast region including Liaoning, Shenyang, black, northern coastal areas, including Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, the eastern coastal areas, including Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and southern coastal areas, including Anhui, Guangdong, Hainan, Yellow River areas, including Shaanxi, Shan

12、xi, Henan, Mongolia, Yangtze River area, including Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Yunnan, southwest region, including, Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guangxi, Northwest District, including Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Tibet, the new 2 data sources and processing In this paper, the per capita GDP as an indi

13、cator of data to analyze the regional differences in the data are from the text <<China Statistical Yearbook>> (the major areas of provincial GDP and GDP per capita of population increase, respectively, obtained by dividing the General Logistics Department. To less price volatility , ref

14、lecting the less developed areas of the real situation of the total economy, the regional GDP data are made each year divided by the GDP deflator change. 3 Research Methods Gini coefficient differences in regional economic development is widely used in empirical studies of a metric, reflecting the a

15、bsolute difference between the region and is calculated as (1 Where G is the Gini coefficient, Pi is the proportion of the total population each year, Wi is the proportion of each indicator of the total index, Qi is the i-th from the first group to group the proportion of cumulative data. The greate

16、r the Gini coefficient, indicating that the region the greater the difference between. Coefficient of variation can be measured relative regional economic disparity, can be used to compare two or more different levels or different levels of overall variability, regional economic differences in the c

17、oefficient of variation (Cv volatility of GDP per capita to determine. Coefficient of variation are two calculation methods, one is the common coefficient of variation of per capita GDP, the formula is: Type in that the coefficient of variation Cv, S expressed unbiased sample estimate, Xi said the i

18、 regions per capita GDP, X is the average per capita GDP. The other is the population-weighted coefficient of variation of GDP per capita, calculated as follows: Where n is the total number of geographical units, xi, and pi, respectively, the i-th regions per capita GDP and population, p is the tota

19、l population, x is the number of pi with the districts population-weighted average of xi to be the national per capita GDP, namely: 3 Regional differences in the eight economic zones Empirical Analysis of spatial and temporal characteristics of the eight economic zones 1 per capita GDP, the Gini coe

20、fficient and the coefficient of variation analysis Empirical results can be seen through the eight economic regions the absolute gap between the economic from 2000 to 2003, has expanded each year, in 2003 the maximum difference in 2004, eight differences in the economic range gradually decreases as

21、the cutoff point in 2003 , on the whole inverted U shape, relatively flat trend in 2007 relative to 2006 to expand the regional differences in the trend, but the 2008 has narrowed the regional differences are significant, which is consistent with Chinas real economic situation in recent years, centr

22、al and northwest, southwest pace of development to catch up with the speed of the country, the difference is gradually reduced, but the eastern regions GDP basis between large, rapidly, and so the inter-regional economic disparities still exist. Links to free download http:/ / It can be seen, the re

23、lative difference in range eight economic trends is also evident, from 2000 to 2003, the relative differences in the region continued to increase, the highest point in 2003, the region began to narrow the economic disparities among which reflects the 2000 - In 2003 a new economic cycle rising proces

24、s, with the improvement of economic growth, economic disparities across regions appeared to expand, but with the role of national development policies such as the embodiment of the west, the relative differences between regions began to shrink. Through the above analysis can be found, the current ei

25、ght economic zones of the absolute and relative gap tends to reduce the gap between the have already begun, but the value of the coefficient of variation is still relatively large, that is between eight economic zones, there are certain economic development differences range of 2 eight-economic diff

26、erences in the economic trend analysis A country or regions per capita income growth rate of its initial level of per capita income negatively related to the convergence of economic growth to appear (convergence, that is backward areas should have a higher rate of development, economic differences b

27、etween regions will eventually converge . all economic regions experienced economic growth rate differences between the process of increased first and then reduced, the regions economic growth rate approaching the national average, but the Yellow River region in addition to more obvious acceleration

28、 of economic development, the gap between the eight major economic or performance range In the east and west between the district and the national average per capita GDP ratio has convergence trend, more obvious, which reflects the countrys western development, central China and the strategy of revi

29、talizing the northeast old industrial base has played a practical role, can predict the future years of the economic range of economic differences also exist, but there is definitely decreasing trend throughout the country showed the pace of development approaches, but the distance to achieve faster

30、 development of backward areas and ultimately to achieve coordinated development between the various economic zones or there is a certain gap. 4 Eight economic zone factor analysis of regional economic differences The formation of regional economic structure and changes to resource conditions, the l

31、evel of factor inputs, market development and national economic policy, and many other regional factors, the main factors can be summarized as the following aspects: 1 natural resource endowment and geographical factors Eastern region has significant natural resources and geographical advantages, st

32、rategic location, rich in marine resources, railways, highways, aviation network clouds, high level transport network, supporting facilities, the economy will greatly promote the development of the role. 2 policy and institutional factors Since reform and opening, the state developed a non-balanced

33、regional economic development strategy, priority eastern region, and to give a series of preferential policies, a series of reforms, the formation of a certain stimulus, incentives, while, due east of the high cost and high return on investment, attracting a large number of western capital, technolo

34、gy, personnel and other resources, the development of the western region had a negative impact. In addition, institutional change and innovation in regional economic development led to further widening the gap between the root causes. Midwest lack of a favorable institutional environment, institutio

35、nal framework is not perfect, the operating efficiency of the existing structure of the system is not high, the lack of effective institutional arrangements and incentive system to protect the 3 market awareness of factors Eastern part of the process of market reform and opening up relatively advanc

36、ed ideas, market awareness is more intense. Midwest a great influence on the traditional conservative thinking, market awareness weak, constraining economic development in central and western regions. 5 Conclusion Eight economic range of economic differences between the 2003 and 2006, is tend to con

37、verge, this trend can not continue is a concern. To promote coordinated regional development, mechanisms need to co-market mechanisms and government role in the failure of the market mechanism to play when Government should play a role in macroeconomic regulation and control, through various means, th