[专业英语考试复习资料]专业八级分类模拟162

1、专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟162专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟162专业八级分类模拟162LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION AIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORD

2、S for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. Now, listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check

3、your work. Advice for Students: How to Talk to Professors . Introduction A. Professors: normal people, just like everyone else B. Students: learn to interact with them with basic respect and 1 C. Finding: professors react with the same . Things for you to keep in mind A. Call them by the 2 title Pro

4、fessor is usually acceptable, unless told otherwise B. 3 try to be 4 to professors otherwise theyre not going to respond as expected C. Be prepared to do the work 5 an assignment or test you missed dont expect professors to say dont worry about it D. Be clear and 6 get to the point quickly tell prof

5、essors 7 and be done with it E. Pay social calls talk to your professors build 8 with them at least let them remember you . Things for you to remember not to do A. Do not 9 under any circumstances flirtation will make professors 10 B. Do not always prepare for 11 sometimes professors wont or cant he

6、lp you you need to 12 into damage control C. Do not threaten professors arent going to respond very well to 13 . Summary A. Professors usually respond in kind if they receive open and decent 14 B. They respect commitment and 15 (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 1.答案:decency原力原文 Advice for Students: How to Talk t

7、o Professors Good afternoon. Today Id like to give you advice on how to talk to professors, A while back, I recommended that students get to know their professors, I realize, though, that many students are intimidated or put off by their professors. This is especially so when students need something

8、a favor, special help with an assignment, or a second chance on a test. It doesnt need to be that way, Professors are people, just like everyone else, and if you approach your professors with the same basic respect and decency you offer everyone else you interact with, youll probably find that they

9、react with the same. There are, though, a few things that you should keep in mind when you talk to your professors, especially if youre going to ask for a particular favor: The first thing you should remember to do is: call them by the right title. A Doctor is someone with a PhD; not all professors

10、have a PhD. Professor is usually appropriate, unless youve been told otherwise. I prefer to be called by my first name, and I make that point clearly on the first day of class; if your professor hasnt said anything about this, youre better off not using their first name, If youre totally unsure, a M

11、r. or Ms. is usually fine, Do not use Mrs. unless the professor herself uses it. Secondly, no matter under what situations, tell the truth. After the first couple of semesters of teaching, your average professor has much heard it all, Its a sad fact, but true nonetheless, that we grow jaded and take

12、 all students excuses with a grain of salt, If a professor thinks he or she is being played, theyre not going to respond very well to whatever request you have to make, so you might as well be honest. If you feel you absolutely must lie, at least make it a huge flaming whopper of a lie, so the profe

13、ssor can get a good laugh when they share it at the next faculty meeting. Thirdly, be prepared to do the work, If youve missed an assignment or a test or are falling behind in your reading, and you are seeking help to get Caught up or a special dispensation to make up the assignment, youd better be

14、prepared to do the workand generally under more difficult circumstances, I get the impression that a lot of students imagine I might just say dont worry about it, Ill give you the points anyway, which, of course, is not going to happen. Fourthly, be clear and concise. Unless youre paying a social ca

15、ll, get to the point quickly: tell your professor what you need or want and be done with it. Dont spend 30 minutes explaining your childhood and family arrangements and how hard it is getting a job with a few felony convictions on your record and blah blah blah for a 10-point assignment, Simply say

16、Professor, I missed an assignment, can I make it up? Can I do something else? Lastly, remember to pay social calls. Your professor is probably required by school policy to be in his or her office and available to students for a set number of hours per week, On top of that, most professors like talki

17、ng to studentsits part of the reason we took the job. Pay your professor a visit or two, just to talk, Tell him or her about the work youre interested in or about problems youre having. Build relationships with your professorsat the very least, theyll remember you when you call up three years later

18、asking for a reference letter. On the other hand, there are things you should remember not to do: First of all, do not, under any circumstances, flirt. The days of professors marrying their promising students are long, long gone. Nowadays, even the hint of favoritism can ruin a professors careerlet

19、alone any actual relationship-type behavior. Unless your professor is a total sleazebag, any sign of flirtation will make him or her shut down immediately. They simply cannot risk it. Second, dont always prepare for satisfaction. Depending on how far youve let your studies slide, there might not be

20、anything a professor can do and still be fair to the rest of his or her students. Or it might not be technically possible: arranging make-up tests, for example, is difficult. Your professor probably spent hours writing his or her syllabus, and probably spent another hour explaining it to you at the

21、beginning of the class, so he or shes got a lot invested in the rules it explains. So often a professor wont or cant help you. Your only option might be to shift into damage control, see what you can do, and ask honestly if you can continue in the class. Third, dont threaten. Professors get threaten

22、ed with lawsuits a lot, and even threats of physical violence are not unheard of when things dont go a students way. Obviously, professors arent going to respond very well to threats. If you find yourself needing to resort to threats, chances are you probably dont have much of a reason for a profess

23、or to help you out, and you should start thinking about how to do better next time. As I said, most professors will respond in kind if you treat them openly and decently. We didnt become professors because we wanted to make students lives miserable. We became professors out of a passion for our disc

24、iplines and a desire to share our knowledge with you. As a general rule, professors respect commitment and genuine curiosity, and will go out of their way to help if they feel you are honestly interested in doing well. On the other hand, professors get to feeling pretty used by the numerous students

25、 who work hard only at gaming the system, and if they feel youre one of those students, theyre not likely to bend very far to make life easier for you. Good luck! 解析 讲座的主题是如何与教授交谈，接着谈到学生们遇到的困难，讲座人提出“如果你带着基本的尊重和礼节(basic respect and decency)与教授交谈，你会发现他们的反应会与其他人没什么两样”，可知答案为decency。2.答案:right/appropriat

26、e解析 此题开始讲述应注意的事项。根据录音原文，第一件应注意的事为call them by the right title，由此可知答案为right，也可填其近义词appropriate。3.答案:Tell the true解析 注意事项的第二点就是“无论在什么情况下，说实话”。填入原词Tell the true，注意题目设置规律，首字母大写。4.答案:honest解析 录音材料提到“因此，你也应该诚实”，由此可知答案为honest。5.答案:make up解析 录音材料提到“如果你正在寻求帮助以便赶上课程进度，又或者你想通过一种特别形式来弥补(make up)功课”，由此可知答案为make

27、up。6.答案:concise解析 此题具体介绍与教授交谈中应注意的第四个事项，即be clear and concise，可知答案为concise。7.答案:what you want/need解析 注意事项的第四点之后谈到，告诉教授你想要的或需要的，并完成它。由于每个空格最多填三个词，故填入what you want或what you need都可以。8.答案:relationships解析 在介绍与教授交谈中应注意的第五个事项时，录音提到“至少，要与教授建立关系”，可知答案为relationships。9.答案:flirt解析 在On the other hand后，文章开始转换视角，谈

28、论与教授交谈中不应该有的行为。录音中首先提到在任何情况下也不要与教授打情骂俏(flirt)，由此可知答案为flirt。10.答案:shut down immediately解析 在谈到不要与教授调情的时候，讲座提到，调情会让教授立刻拒绝你。填入录音原词shut down immediately即可。11.答案:satisfaction解析 此题考查与教授交谈中不该有的第二个行为，即dont always prepare for satisfaction。空格缺少的正是satisfaction。12.答案:shift解析 原文提到，你唯一的选择是转换到控制损害方面，对照题目，可知答案为shift

29、。13.答案:threats解析 此题谈论与教授交谈中不应该有的第三个行为，即dont threaten。录音中提到“显然，教授对威胁行为不会有太明显的反应”，对照题目，可知答案为threats。14.答案:treatment解析 录音提到“正如我所说，如果你用公开、礼貌的方式对待教授们，他们会乐意帮忙”，其中openly和decently都是修饰treat的副词，题目中将其转换为形容词，故用treat的名词形式treatment。15.答案:genuine curiosity解析 讲座最后谈到，教授尊重投入度和真正的好奇心。空格前已经给出了commitment，故填入genuine curi

30、osity。The American Two-party System . Introduction A. the oldest political 16 around the world B. the classical example of two-party system: the American political system the dominant parties: the Democratic and the 17 parties the two-party system survived all attempts to assaults C. About dozen par

31、ties that nominate 18 D. Americans inevitably become one of the two parties because there is usually no other place to go most Americans know where they 19 in the system . Two-party system is so strongly 20 because A. The way 21 are conducted: the Americans elect 22 about 800,000 of other 23 , the c

32、ongressman from single-member districts B. Organization of the House of Representatives ensures that major party can maintain its 24 major party is likely to win . The consequences of the system A. the 25 production of majorities the competition between two parties the 26 of the victory of the winni

33、ng party B. The peaceful 27 the party in power can be overrun by the party out of power two-party system cannot be destroyed the 28 can survive the defeat because of a) the possibility of maintaining a 29 of the opposition b) the attraction of the support of those opposed to the party in power C. th

34、e tendency for the major parties to be 30 , e.g. business is conducted across party lines D. The work of the government carried on despite of divided party control (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 16.答案:rivalries/competitors原力原文 The American Two-party System Good morning, everyone. Today Id like to discuss with

35、 you the two-party System in America. Basically speaking, nowadays, no one now living in the United States can remember when the contest began between the Democratic and Republican parties. It has been going on for more than a century, making it one of the oldest political rivalries in the world. Th

36、e American political system is a classical example of the two-party system. When we say that we have a two-party system in the United States we do not mean that we have only two parties. Usually about dozen parties nominate presidential candidates. We call it a two-party system because we have two l

37、arge parties and a number of small parties, and the large parties are so large that we often forget about the rest. Usually the small parties collectively poll less than 5 per cent of the vote cast in national elections. The Democratic and Republican parties are the largest and most competitive orga

38、nizations in the American community. They organize the electorate very simply by maintaining the two-party system. Americans almost inevitably become Democrats or Republicans because there is usually no other place for them to go. Moreover, because the rivalry of these parties is very old, most Amer

39、icans know where they belong in the system. As a consequence of the dominance of the major parties, most elected officials are either Republicans or Democrats. Attempts to break up this old system have been made in every presidential election in the past one hundred years, but the system has survive

40、d all assaults. When comes to this point, you may be wondering how does it happen that the two-party system is so strongly rooted in American politics? The explanation is probably to be found in the way elections are conducted. In the United States, unlike countries with a parliamentary system of go

41、vernment, we elect not only the President, but a large number of other officials, about 800,000 of them. We also elect congressmen from single-member districts. For example, we elect 435 members of the House of Representatives from 435 districts, one member for each district. Statistically, this kin

42、d of election favors the major parties. The system of elections makes it easy for the major parties to maintain their dominant position, because they are likely to win more than their share of the offices. As it has been clearly showed that one of the great consequences of the system is that it prod

43、uces majorities automatically. Because there are only two competitors in the running, it is almost inevitable that one will receive a majority. Moreover, the system tends slightly to exaggerate the victory of the winning party. This is not always true, but the strong tendency to produce majorities i

44、s built into the system. In over 200 years of constitutional history, Americans have learned much about the way in which the system can be managed so as to make possible the peaceful transfer of power from one party to the other. At the level of presidential elections, the party in power has been ov

45、erturned by the party out of power nineteen times, almost once a decade. In the election of 1860, the political system broke down, and the Civil War, the worst disaster in American history, resulted. Our history justifies our confidence in the system but also shows that it is not foolproof. The seco

46、nd major party is able to survive a defeat because the statistical tendency that exaggerates the victory of the winning party operates even more strongly in favor of the second party against the third, fourth, and fifth parties. As a result, the defeated major party is able to maintain a monopoly of

47、 the opposition. The advantage of the second party over the third is so great that it is the only party that is likely to be able to overturn the party in power. It is able, therefore, to attract the support of everyone seriously opposed to the party in power. The second party is important as long a

48、s it can monopolize the movement to overthrow the party in power, because it is certain to come into power sooner or later. Another consequence of the two-party system is that whereas minor parties are likely to identify themselves with special interests or special programs and thus take extreme pos

49、itions, the major parties are so large that they tend to be moderate. Evidence of the moderation of the major parties is that much business is conducted across party lines. What happens when the Democrats control one house of Congress and the Republicans control the other? About the same volume of l

50、egislation is passed as when one party controls both houses, although some important legislation is likely to be blocked temporarily. It is possible to carry on the work of the government even when party control is divided because party differences are not fundamental. Finally, to sum up the lecture

51、 today. As we know that it is not an easy job to fully understand the two-party system in the United States of America. Therefore, I hope this lecture will at least give a gist of the history of the two-party system and how it works as one of the most complete political systems in the world. 解析 讲座开篇

52、就提到了美国两党之间的竞争，“是世界上最早的政治竞争(rivalries)之一”。由此可知答案为rivalries，或其同义词competitors。要点提示词one of后的信息是常考之处，笔记中不可忽视。17.答案:Republican解析 在提到dominant party的时候，讲座人提到了两大政党“民主党(Democratic)和共和党(Republican)”，因此答案为Republican。录音中多次提及美国两大政党的名称，多次提及之处为常考内容，做笔记时需注意。此题也可根据文化常识直接得出答案。18.答案:presidential candidates解析 讲座谈到，通常来说，

53、有十来个政党都会提名总统候选人。空格处填入录音原词presidential candidates。19.答案:belong解析 录音提到“多数美国人知道自己属于(belong)两党中的哪一派”，结合题目可知答案为belong。Moreover为表示递进意义的连词，其后内容往往是出题点，应特别注意。20.答案:rooted解析 讲座人提到“两党制是如何能如此坚实地扎根于(rooted)美国政治中的呢”，可知答案为rooted。讲座人通过问句的形式来引起听众的注意，其后的内容通常比较重要，笔记中不可忽视。21.答案:elections解析 在谈到为什么会出现两党制时，讲座谈到，可能是由于选举方式。

54、空格处缺少的是elections一词。22.答案:president解析 在美国，人们不仅可以选举总统，还可以选80万的官员。官员在下一行出现，可见这里填入president。23.答案:officials解析 在讲到为什么两党制在美国的地位如此稳固时，讲座人提到了两个原因，第一个原因是美国的选举方式，“不仅选举了总统，还选举了很多官员(officials)，大概有80万”。因此答案为officials。如果笔记中未能记下相关内容，可以分析空格上下的分项并列内容，判断美国除了总统和国会议员之外，还有其他的政府官员，也可推测答案应为officials。24.答案:dominant positio

55、n/dominance解析 讲座人接着提到两党制在美国的地位如此稳固的第二个原因，即House of Representatives的组织方式的保证。其中提到“选举制度使大党轻而易举地保持着他们的统治地位(dominant position)”，因此答案应为dominant position或dominance。也可以根据常识，美国两大政党占据着重要的地位，推测空白处应填入dominant position。25.答案:automatic/natural解析 录音原文提到两党制产生的结果，其中一个就是“自动地(automatically)产生了多数党”。结合题目可知应填入automatical

56、ly的形容词automatic，也填入其同义词natural。“one of. is that.”表达的内容常为出题点，做笔记时要注意。26.答案:exaggeration解析 录音原文中提到“这种制度似乎有些夸大(exaggerate)获胜党的胜利”。结合题目可推知答案为exaggeration。并列细节信息是常考之处，笔记中时应特别注意。注意填写答案时必须将录音原文中的动词exaggerate变成名词exaggeration。27.答案:transfer of power解析 讲座谈到，美国人已经学会了只要党派之间和平地转交政权，制度就能够被管理。根据空格前的提示词peaceful，这里填入录音出现的transfer of power。28.答案:second major party解析 录音原文提到“第二大党(second major party)能在失败下继续生存”，因此填入second major party。分析本题所在的分项内容的关键词defe