[语言类考试复习资料大全]公共英语四级分类模拟题17

1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟。祝愿天下莘莘学子：学业有成，金榜题名！语言类考试复习资料大全公共英语四级分类模拟题17公共英语四级分类模拟题17Section Use of English The population of the United States is only 6% of the worlds population, but Americans 1 one third of all the energy 2 in the world. This fact alone says that Americans need to use less energy. And because

2、 the price of energy had been rising very rapidly 3 the limited supplies of oil in particular, Americans are becoming aware to the need to 4 energy. In California we have a California Energy Commission which has set up in the past five years to 5 plan for our future energy use. We have 6 laws in Cal

3、ifornia to help us conserve energy. First of all, our houses in California have been very 7 of energy in the past. They were not 8 very carefully and so the heat would go out of the house very rapidly. Now we require that the homes have a 9 level of insulation, and so the homes built now are much mo

4、re 10 . 11 , in transportation 12 a large percentage of oil energy is used, we need to develop more public transportation. In China, of course you have a very good public transportation system. And it is a (n) 13 for the kind of thing we need to develop more in the United States. Automobiles are als

5、o becoming more 14 . The smaller automobile with efficient engine can help to conserve a large amount of energy along with planning our 15 more carefully. Many different studies have shown that we could 16 our energy consumption by 17 half or two thirds and still have the 18 quality of life. And man

6、y different types of technologies are currently being researched as to 19 they can be built to use 20 energy and still supply the same service. 1.A.conserveB.consumeC.produceD.supply答案:B解析 本题考查词汇辨析。conserve“保存”；consume“消费，消耗”；produce“生产”；supply“提供，供给”。结合下一句中的“use”可以判断本句意为：“美国人消耗了世界能源储备的三分之一”。B项符合题意。

7、2.A.preservesB.sourcesC.deservesD.reserves答案:D解析 本题考查词汇辨析。四个选项中，preserve用作复数时，表示“经加工储存的果脯”；source“根源”；deserve“应该得到”；reserve“储备，储量”。3.A.owing toB.resulting inC.in spite ofD.in the cause of答案:A解析 本题考查上下文连接。前半句和后半句的关系是因果关系，这句话的意思是：因为石油供应不足，所以能源价格飞速上涨。四个选项中，只有owing to表示因果关系，符合题意。其他三个选项的意思分别是resulting in

8、“产生某种作用或结果”；in spite of“不管，不顾”；in the cause of“就来说”。4.A.consumeB.conserveC.exhaustD.retain答案:B解析 本题考查词汇辨析。由于上一句讲能源价格上涨，所以美国人应该明白节约能源的重要性。题目中四个选项的意思分别是：consume“消耗，花费，耗尽”；conserve“保藏，保护，保存”；但这里和energy搭配，意思要发生变化，conserve energy的意思是“节约能源”，例如现在提倡建立节约型社会，正确的表达方式是：establish an Energy Conservation Community

9、；exhaust“用完，耗尽”；retain“保留，保持”。结合上下文，选项B是最佳答案。5.A.generateB.helpC.conceiveD.originate答案:B解析 本题考查词汇辨析。本题目考查的关键是判断plan的词性。 plan在这里如果是名词，前面应该有冠词a或the，根据这一点可以得知，Plan此处是动词。可以排除选项generate“产生，生成”；conceive“想出(主意、计划等)，构思”；originate“发源，来自，产生”，因为以上三项后面接带to的不定式，而help后接不定式时，to可以省略掉。所以B是正确答案。6.A.stagedB.composedC.

10、developedD.devised答案:C解析 本题考查词汇辨析。四个选项的意思分别是：stage“举办，谋划”；compose“组成，构成，创作”；develop“制定，形成”；devise“设计”。上文提到，在过去的5年内已经成立了加州能源委员会，计划将来的能源使用。本句的意思是：在加州，我们已经制定了法律，促使我们节约能源，因此，结合上下文，选项C符合题意。7.A.frugalB.economicalC.wastefulD.saving答案:C解析 本题考查上下文理解。fugal“节俭的”；economical“节省的”； wasteful“浪费的”。本句话的意思是“首先，加州的房屋在

11、过去是很浪费能源的。”8.A.insulatedB.insultedC.resultedD.separated答案:A解析 本题考查上下文理解。从上一个题目，我们知道本文谈论的是房屋隔热问题。insulate“使隔热，使绝缘；隔离，使孤立”；insult“使受侮辱”；separate“分开(一段距离)”。只有选项insulate与heat相关，是正确答案。9.A.largestB.smallestC.maximumD.minimum答案:C解析 本题考查上下文理解。因为房屋的绝缘隔热设备不是很完善，造成了能源的浪费。所以法律对各家安装隔热设备的隔热功能应该是按最大限度提出要求。正确答案是max

12、imum。10.A.effectiveB.sufficientC.efficientD.deficient答案:C解析 本题考查词汇辨析。effective“有效果的，能起作用的”； sufficient“充分的，足够的”；efficient“效率高的”；deficient“不充足的”。本句意思为“现在的房屋节能效率更高了”。选项C是正确答案。11.A.HoweverB.AlsoC.ThereforeD.For example答案:B解析 本题考查上下文连接。从上下文可以看出，上一段是从房屋隔热方面谈论节约能源问题，而下一段同样是谈论能源节约问题，只是从交通方面谈论而已。和上一段比较，角度改变

13、了，可问题还是一样的。12.A.whyB.whereC.whoD.which答案:B解析 本题考查语法。考点是定语从句。where在定语从句中修饰先行词transportation。13.A.exampleB.responsibilityC.opportunityD.obligation答案:A解析 本题考查上下文理解。前面一句话说，中国有发达的公交系统，在节约能源方面，对美国人来说，这是一个很好的例子。四个选项的意思分别是example“例子”；responsibility“责任”；opportunity“机会”；obligation“义务”。结合文章意思判断an example是合适的选项

14、。14.A.fashionableB.luxuriousC.efficientD.effective答案:C解析 本题考查上下文理解。从上一句可以看出，要节约能量就要发展公交设施。接着下面提到发展汽车。从下一句“the smaller automobile with efficient engine”可看出要发展一种小型高效的汽车。由此可以判断，本题的正确答案是efficient。其他3个选项意思为fashionable“流行的，时髦的”；luxurious“奢华的，豪华的”；effective“有效果的，起作用的”。15.A.transportationB.travelC.energyD.a

15、utomobile答案:B解析 本题考查上下文理解。从上一句话中可得出：要节约能量，除了发展公共交通事业，还要发展一种小型高效汽车。这种车有高效的发动机，能储存大量能量，使得我们的旅行更顺利。由此可推断出本题的正确答案是B。16.A.condenseB.reduceC.crushD.swell答案:B解析 本题考查词汇辨析。本文的主题是要高效地利用能量，在减少能量消耗的情况下仍有同样的生活质量。四个选项的意思分别是： condense“凝结，浓缩”；reduce“减少”；crush“压碎，碾碎”；swell“膨胀，(数量上)增加”。从上下文判断，reduce符合题意。17.A.at least

16、B.at mostC.at fullD.at length答案:A解析 本题考查逻辑推理。从全文的语气判断得出：节约能量的研究还不是很成熟，结果还不确定。所以这里用at least。其他两个选项意思分别为：at full“在最高点”；at length“最后，详细地”。18.A.bottomB.sameC.meanD.adequate答案:B解析 本题考查上下文理解。此句的意思是：在节约了大量能源的情况下，而生活质量不变。四个选项的意思分别为：bottom quality“劣等质量”；same quality“同样的质量”；mean quality“中等质量”；adequate quality

17、“优等质量”。从本句话中的still可判断出正确选项是B。19.A.whereB.whyC.whenD.how答案:D解析 本题考查上下文连接。as to意思是“关于”，本句话的意思是“关于如何使用少的能源而又提供同样服务的许多不同类型的技术现在正处于研究中”，从上下文及意思上判断，how是正确答案。20.A.lessB.sufficientC.adequateD.lacking答案:A解析 本题考查上下文理解。本段的意思是利用科技方法尽量节约能源，同时又能达到原来的效果，这也是本文的主题之一。四个选项意思分别是：adequate“足够的”；sufficient“充分的，足够的”；less“较

18、少的”；lacking“(数量)不足的，缺乏的”。Section Reading ComprehensionPassage 1 The big identity-theft bust last week was just a taste of whats to come. Heres how to protect your good name. HERES THE SCARY THING about the identity-theft ring that the Feds cracked last week: there was nothing any of its estimated 40

19、000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening. This was an inside job, according to court documents. A lowly help-desk worker at Teledata Communications, a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online, allegedly stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of

20、20 thieves at $60 a pop. That allowed the gang to cherry-pick consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names. Cost to the victims: $3 million and rising. Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust to date, is just a drop in the bit bucket. More than 700

21、000 Americans have their credit hijacked every year. Its one of crimes biggest growth markets. A name, address and Social Security numberwhich can often be found on the Webis all anybody needs to apply for a bogus line of credit. Credit companies make $1.3 trillion annually and lose less than 2% of

22、that revenue to fraud, so theres little financial incentive for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands now, its up to you to protect your identity. The good news is that there are plenty of steps you can take. Most credit thieves are opportunists, not well-organized gangs. A

23、lot of them go Dumpster diving for those millions of pre-approved credit-card mailings that go out every day. Others steal wallets and return them, taking only a Social Security number. Shredding your junk mail and leaving your Social Security card at home can save a lot of agony later. But the most

24、 effective way to keep your identity clean is to check your credit reports once or twice a year. There are three major credit-report outfits: Equifax (at equifax. com), Trans-Union (www. transunion. come) and Experian (experian. com). All allow you to order reports online, which is a lot better than

25、 wading through voice-mail hell on their 800 lines. Of the three, I found Trans-Unions website to be the cheapest and most comprehensivelaying out state-by-state prices, rights and tips for consumers in easy-to-read fashion. If youre lucky enough to live in Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts

26、, New Jersey or Vermont, you are entitled to one free report a year by law. Otherwise its going to cost $ 8 to $14 each time. Avoid services that offer to monitor your reports year-round for about $70; thats $10 more than the going rate among thieves. If you think youre a victim of identity theft, y

27、ou can ask for fraud alerts to be put on file at each of the three credit-report companies. You can also download a theft-report form at www. consumer. gov/idtheft, which, along with a local police re- port, should help when irate creditors come knocking. Just dont expect justice. That audacious hel

28、p-desk worker was one of the fewer than 2% of identity thieves who are ever caught. 1. What is the trend of credit-theft crime?A.Tightly suppressed.B.More frightening.C.Rapidly increasing.D.loosely controlled.答案:C解析 句子“Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust to date, is just a dro

29、p in the bit bucket.”的意思是“甚至更令人震惊的是，迄今为止最大的个人信息窃盗案的告破仅仅是冰山一角。”；Its one of crimes biggest growth markets.”的意思是“这是最大的成长性犯罪市场之一。”从这两句话我们可做出正确的选择。2. The expression inside job (Line 3, Paragraph 2) most probably means _.A.a crime that is committed by a person working for the victimB.a crime that should b

30、e punished severelyC.a crime that does great harm to the victimD.a crime that poses a great threat to the society答案:A解析 原文对应信息是“A lowly help-desk worker at Teledata Communications, a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online, allegedly stole passwords for those reports and sold the

31、m to a group of 20 thieves at $60 a pop.”。这句话对“inside job”做出了解释。3. The creditors can protect their identity in the following ways except _.A.destroying your junk mailB.leaving your Social Security card at homeC.visiting the credit-report website regularlyD.obtaining the free report from the governme

32、nt答案:D解析 选项D是某些债权人应享有的权利，而不是一种防范措施。4. Why is it easy to have credit-theft?A.More people are using credit service.B.The application program is not safe enough.C.Creditors usually disclose their identity.D.Creditors are not careful about their identity.答案:B解析 原文对应信息是“A name, address and Social Securit

33、y numberwhich can often be found on the webis all anybody needs to apply for a bogus line of credit. Credit companies make $1.3 trillion annually and lose less than 2% of that revenue to fraud, so theres little financial incentive for them to make the application process more secure.”。由此可知，是申请信息不足够安

34、全，所以选B。5. What is the best title of the text?A.The danger of credit-theftB.The loss of the creditorsC.How to protect your good nameD.Why the creditors lose their identity答案:C解析 文章开头指出窃用信用卡是一种非常严重的犯罪现象，接着介绍了如何进行一些防范措施。所以选项C是正确答案。Passage 2 The Nile made Egypts civilization possible. The river is more

35、than 400 miles long. In its fertile valley crops are grown for food and cotton for clothing. Mud from the river bottom makes good bricks for houses. Thus ways of getting food, clothing and shelter were close for the Egyptians. The Nile is a highway for the people of Egypt. Flat bottomed boats and la

36、rge narrow barges carry products from one city to another. There are also passenger boats on the Nile, carrying people up and down the river. In ancient times huge blocks of stones were floated down the river on barges. These stones are used in making buildings and monuments. For thousands of years

37、the Egyptians have depended on the Nile for their crops. The land on both sides of the Nile is desert, where crops cannot be raised. But crops grow well in the Nile Valley. In fact, several different crops are often grown on the same land during the same year. Once the Nile flooded each year, overfl

38、owed its banks, and carried rich soil in land every summer. These floods were caused by early summer rains. At present there is a series of dams on the Nile. Water raised high in the river each summer as usual. The people do not let the Nile flood, however. They store the water behind dams. It is no

39、w possible to use the water as needed, not just at flood time. 1. In the past_.A.there was rain all the year longB.the Nile flooded every yearC.the Nile became deeper and deeper after each rainfallD.the Nile was not a long river答案:B解析 细节题。文章第四段第一句就指出尼罗河过去每年都会泛滥，因此正确答案为B。2. Egyptians have grown crops

40、 well_.A.on both sides of the NileB.on the land near the desert areaC.on the Nile valleyD.far away from the desert area答案:C解析 细节题。文章第三段讲的是由于河两岸都是沙漠，所以人们在尼罗河河谷种植庄稼，故正确答案为C。3. In the fertile valley of the Nile_.A.bricks for houses are madeB.different crops are raised on the same landC.only cotton can

41、grow wellD.people grow all crops except cotton答案:B解析 细节题。根据第三段最后一句“In fact, several different crops are often grown on the same land during the same year.”可知正确答案为B。4. The Nile is a highway for the people of Egypt means_.A.cars and trucks can move as fast as possible along itB.the river bottom can se

42、rve as a road in dry seasonC.the river is an important water transportation line in EgyptD.on the river there are a lot of boats and people答案:C解析 语义题。文章第二段讲的是尼罗河上的运输，所以这句话的含义是说它是埃及人的运输线。故应选C。5. Which of the following can best summarize the passage?A.The Nile is the source of flood.B.The Nile is a hi

43、ghway for the people in Egypt.C.The flat bottomed boats have been used.D.The Nile made Egypts civilization possible.答案:D解析 主旨题。A项很明显不正确。B、C都是关于尼罗河的细节，不能用来概括整篇文章，故不正确。文章第一句就指出尼罗河使埃及文明成为可能，然后从几个方面展开全文，所以应选D。Passage 3 For more than two decades, U. S. courts have been limiting affirmative-action program

44、s in universities and other areas. The legal rationale is that racial preferences are unconstitutional, even those intended to compensate for racism or intolerance. For many colleges, this means students can be admitted only on merit, not on their race or ethnicity. It has been a divisive issue acro

45、ss the U. S., as educators blame the prolonged reaction to affirmative-action for declines in minority admissions. Meanwhile, activists continue to battle race preferences in courts from Michigan to North Carolina. Now, chief executives of about two dozen companies have decided to plunge headfirst i

46、nto this politically unsettled debate. They, together with 36 universities and 7 nonprofitable organizations, formed a forum that set forth an action plan essentially designed to help colleges circumvent court-imposed restrictions on affirmative action. The CEOs motive. Our audience is growing more

47、diverse, so the communities we serve benefit if our employees are racially and ethnically diverse as well, says one CEO of a company that owns nine television stations. Among the steps the forum is pushing, finding creative yet legal ways to boost minority enrollment through new admissions policies;

48、 promoting admissions decisions that look at more than test scores; and encouraging universities to step up their minority outreach and financial aid. And to counter accusations by critics to challenge these tactics in court, the group says it will give legal assistance to colleges sued for trying t

49、hem. Diversity diminished by the court must be made up for in other legitimate, legal ways, says, a forum member. One of the more controversial methods advocated is the so-called 10% rule. The idea is for public universitieswhich educate three-quarters of all U. S. undergraduatesto admit students wh

50、o are in the top 10% of their high school graduating class. Doing so allows colleges to take minorities who excel in average urban schools, even if they wouldnt have made the cut under the current statewide ranking many universities use. 1. U.S. court restrictions on affirmative-action signifies tha

51、t _.A.minorities no longer hold the once favored statusB.the quality of American colleges has improvedC.racial preferences have replaced racial prejudiceD.the minority is on an equal footing with the majority答案:A解析 本题为细节题。题目问的是“美国法院限制平权行动意味着”。由第一段的as educators blame the prolonged reaction to affirma

52、tive-action for declines in minority admissions.可知A项正确，no longer hold the once favored status为原文declines in minority admissions的同义转换。2. What has been a divisive issue across the United States?A.Whether affirmative action should continue to exist.B.Whether this law is helping minorities or the white

53、majority.C.Whether racism exists in American college admissions.D.Whether racial intolerance should be punished.答案:B解析 本题为推断题。题目问的是“在美国，什么问题是有争议的？”第一段中间说It has been a divisive issue across the U.S., asas后面说的是原因，所以可以在前一句中找出It指代的内容。由前一句的even those intended to compensate for racism or intolerance可以推，出B

54、项正确。3. CEOs of big companies decided to help colleges enroll more minority students because they _.A.think it wrong to deprive the minorities of their rights to receive educationB.want to conserve the fine characteristics of American nationC.want a workforce that reflects the diversity of their cust

55、omersD.think it their duty to help develop education of the country答案:C解析 本题为细节题。题目问的是“大公司的CEO们决定帮助大学招更多的少数民族学生，因为他们”。由第二段中的The CEOs motive：“Our audience is growing more diverse, so the communities we serve benefit if our employees are racially and ethnically diverse as well”, says one CEO of a comp

56、any that owns nine television stations.可知，CEO的观点为他们的观众种族越来越多样化，所以如果他们的员工在人种和民族方面多样化，他们也会获益，所以本题C项正确。4. The major tactic the forum uses is to _.A.battle the racial preferences in courtB.support colleges involved in lawsuits of racismC.strive to settle this political debate nationwideD.find legally viable ways to ensure minority admissions答案:D解析 本题为细节题。题目问的是“论坛打算采用的主要策略是”。倒数第二段最后两句And to counter accusations by critics to challenge these tactics in court, the group says it will give legal assistance to colleges sued for trying them. Diversity diminished by the court must be made up for i