哈姆雷特中的人文主义

1、山 东 农 业 大 学课 程 论 文题 目_ on humanism in hamlet_ _ _学 院 生命科学学院 专业班级 10级生物科学2班 课 程 名 外国文学欣赏 学生姓名 丁同浩 学 号 20103086 手 机 号指导老师 尹卓琳 二o一三年六月十八日 on humanism in hamletauthor: ding tonghaoabstract: the humanist ideology and cultural development in europe have had a profound impact, when it occurs,

2、is also immersed in the european community of religious fanaticism and piety in. renaissance humanism is the guiding ideology; the relationship between humanism and the renaissance are inseparable. renaissance humanism in this particular historical context generated. renaissance content is wider tha

3、n the humanism. humanism is a historical category. it is not only a social trend, but also a great culture. hamlet is the most distinguished english renaissance playwright william shakespeares masterpiece. theatre in the west and even century literature is quite enjoyed high status. his work reflect

4、s a profound 16-17 century british society status; he plays for the world to make a great contribution to literature. the image of hamlet prince of denmarks shakespeare summed up the characteristics of humanist and deeply reflects the crisis of the late renaissance humanism. this paper analyzes the

5、characters of hamlet shakespeare profound reflection on humanism, revealing the reasons for the tragedy humanists, elaborated shakespeares contribution to the era of humanism.keywords: hamlet humanism renaissance shakespeare tragedy哈姆雷特中的人文主义摘要：人文主义对欧洲思想文化的发展产生了深刻的影响,当它发生时, 欧洲社会还沉浸在对宗教的狂热与虔信中。人文主义是文

6、艺复兴时期的指导思想, 人文主义与文艺复兴之间的关系密不可分。人文主义是在文艺复兴这一特殊的历史背景下产生的。文艺复兴的内容比人文主义更广泛, 人文主义是一个历史范畴,它既是一种社会思潮, 也是伟大的文化建设。哈姆雷特是英国文艺复兴时期最杰出的剧作家威廉莎士比亚的代表作。在西方的戏剧乃至世纪文学是都享有相当崇高的地位。他的作品深刻的反映了16至17世纪的英国社会的现状，他的戏剧为世界文学做出了巨大贡献。丹麦王子哈姆雷特的形象真实的概括了莎士比亚的人文主义者的特点，深刻地反映了文艺复兴后期人文主义思想的危机。本文通过分析哈姆雷特这一人物形象分析了莎士比亚对人文主义思想的深刻反思，揭示了人文主义者

7、悲剧的原因，阐述了莎士比亚的人文主义思想的时代贡献。关键词：哈姆雷特 人文主义 文艺复兴 莎士比亚 悲剧1. introductionin a broad sense, humanism suggests any attitude that tends to exalt the human element or stress the importance of human interests, as opposed to the supernatural, divine elements or as opposed to the grossed, animal elements. in a m

8、ore specific sense, it suggests a devotion to those studies, which, in particular, deal with the life, thought, language and literature of human beings, and which are supposed to promote human culture most effectively.shakespeare is one of the greatest poets and playwrights. hamlet is one of the mos

9、t significant tragedies in his life. he successfully portrays the tragic hero through hamlets psychological contradiction and revenge. surely, we can say hamlet is the eternal start in the world literature.the conflict between hamlet and claudius constitutes the main contradiction of the tragedy, wh

10、ich is the internal feudal palace struggle superficially. but it reflects conflicts and competition between new, old forces and values of survival actually. shakespeare carries forward the new humanism, also shows renaissance advanced humanistic ideals, profound contradictions and fierce struggle am

11、ong the increasingly declined feudal monarchy by the story of hamlets revenge for father.2. renaissance and humanismmid-14th century to the 16th century, an ideological and cultural movement occurred in europe, marking mankind forward in modern history from the middle ages. emancipation as the main

12、theme in the campaign, the emerging bourgeoisie inspired by classical culture to human-centered new ideology opposed to the god-centered stale ideology, replaced with a new culture in catholic theology dominated feudal old culture, on the subjective and objective world and its contact with the direc

13、t experience of deep thinking and breaking the shackles of obscurantism. its essence is the bourgeoisie in the ideological and cultural fields led anti-feudal culture movement. as engels said, this is a man never experienced the greatest, progressive change is a need for the giants but also created

14、a giant - in thinking ability, passion and character, versatile and knowledgeable in the areas the era of giants.”renaissance is a new ideas and culture revolutionary movement in literature, art, philosophy, natural science and political science, law, history, education and other areas launched by e

15、merging bourgeoisie in the european. renaissance generation is budding capitalist economy as a prerequisite to anti-feudal and anti-church struggle as the main content. engels commented: this is a man never experienced the greatest, progressive change.renaissance humanism is the main trend. renaissa

16、nce a period of the european cultural and intellectual development, it is a bourgeois new culture movement. humanism is a renaissance ideology. its core idea is bourgeois individualism, based on the theory of the bourgeoisie, human nature. humanism advocates a people-centered, improve peoples author

17、ity, praised the human value and dignity. humanists praise humanity derogatory divine nature; promote human rights, no divine right. european bourgeoisie emphasize enrichment achievement that celebrates personal wit and entrepreneurial spirit, so trying to preach and spread of humanist ideas, suppor

18、t for the deepening and expansion of the renaissance.the core idea of renaissance is humanism.humanism is the main thought and the guiding ideology in european renaissance of the early bourgeoisie against feudalism, the struggle against the church formed ideology. humanism opposed to all the old con

19、cepts of god, promote human is all things, with human rights against the divine right to rule medieval churches and religious doctrines challenges. it broke through the medieval christian thought control on people, wake up peoples entrepreneurial spirit and creative spirit, which is in the ideologic

20、al aspects of the establishment of the capitalist system, has opened up the road.(1) the main contents of renaissance humanismfirst, the core of humanism is to emphasize the status, value and dignity of human, human-centered, certainly real life and secular life, respect for reason, emphasizing indi

21、vidual freedom.european renaissance pioneer dante boldly sings human values and dignity, he said: mans noble, for its many achievements, more than a noble angel. he believes that all human beings have the ability to make a difference in discipline and arts, and to be innovative. he advocated born wi

22、th a strong intellect and conquer people, thus negating the religious right above the monarchical theory. british humanist shakespeare enjoys praising human dignity and dignity in his “hamlet” plays: man is what a great piece of work! ideals of how noble, how infinite power! instrumentation and mann

23、ers are how correct, how good of behavior, how like an angel, on the understanding, how like gods! cosmic essence, primate of all things! second, humanism against asceticism, emphasizing the real meaning of life, promotes positive life, to encourage people to pursue a real happy life and worldly ple

24、asures. humanists give full recognition to humans nature and the natural requirement to, which is contrary to the kind of christian ascetic, preaching the pursuit of the afterlife paradise.third, humanists promote scientific and rational, against obscurantism and mysticism. they bravery to the supre

25、me theological authority issued a fierce challenge. humanists show the world the pursuit of knowledge and truth conviction and establish a good image. people opened their eyes from ignorance and confusion and saw a tremendous breadth of the new world, and they open the giant mouth, indulge sucking i

26、n the scientific and cultural knowledge of the ocean. bacons famous phrase knowledge is power was best summed on the european desire for knowledge.(2) the historic significance of humanismfirst, to promote european transition from a god-centered to people-centered, causing people awakening, so that

27、make people shifted the afterlife to the secular. it awakened the entrepreneurial spirit, creative spirit and scientific spirit of people, which has opened up the road to the establishment of the capitalist system in the spirit. second, in the way of thinking, humanism promote scientific and rationa

28、l, against obscurantism and mysticism, breaking the medieval theology and other external authoritys constraints to ideological. it not only abandoned the vision of god in favor of peoples eyes, but also with their own eyes to observe people, society and nature. these progressive ideas for the future

29、 cleared the way, since then, the natural sciences steps forward. just as of leonardo da vinci said, who rely on the authority citation for debate, he is no use of reason that is designed to act from memory.third, the renaissance also broke the religious mysticism domination, a strong impetus and in

30、fluence of religious reform movement, and provided a powerful driving force to the movement.from luthers thinking is evident. luther believed, more important than the monarch. i am a person, this title even higher than the monarch. because: god never created monarch, god only created man, so i becam

31、e a man. he personally from celibacy to marriage, have shown that the value of his attention to people, attention to worldly pleasures. this shows that he is strongly influenced by the renaissance. renaissance humanists exposed the corruption and the ugly of the catholic church through literature, a

32、rt and other forms of satire.3. the authorwilliam shakespeare is one of the greatest english renaissance poets. many poems of his life complete in the early of its art. during this period shakespeare humanism and artistic styles evolved. then british rule of queen elizabeth is in the heyday of royal

33、 stable, economic prosperity, national prosperity, people and stability. at this time shakespeare was young, emotional elegance, placed on a better life expectations, the ideal is full of infinite yearning, works filled with optimism clear, positive mainstream tones. shakespeares sonnets to the beau

34、tiful melodies and sounds of the rhetoric extolling the world most beautiful emotions - love and friendship, conquered the ages generations of many readers. shakespeares sonnets overflow stream strong feelings and deep thinking, humanism shining glory. these ideas mercilessly attacked the dark ages

35、of the feudal ethics, warmly praised the human personality, claiming human equality, gives people with a new content and meaning, to the european renaissance humanism highest level.william shakespeare stands on top of the peak in world culture, literary gathering the truth, goodness and beauty in on

36、e. as cao yu pointed out, he was a giant mankind permanently surprised. his wealth of art, can be said that an informative and lively giant, not only profound reflection giant era cultural style and forge innovative features, but also in its forward-thinking led to a generation later, another genera

37、tion of people to provide the aesthetic value of interesting and fun multi-code. his drama enables 16 - 17th century english drama more brilliant; colorful tragedy, comedy, historical drama, melodrama and poetry, literary symphony in the world has its own special sound, has a powerful and timeless c

38、harm. shakespeares literary and artistic creation to teach people to understand uppercase human dignity, noble, value and strength. he acura with an uppercase people as the center of humanism, by virtue of the new ethics, hold high the banner of social criticism, as assertive pure humanity and attac

39、ked fool divinity and unabashedly original disclosure as capital accumulation process and the emergence of distorted human shadows. different times, different nationalities, countries and people in the area are from shakespeare drama and poetry found its infinite vitality. theater poet indeed worthy

40、 of the praise-oriented ben jonsons time of the soul, do not belong to an era which belongs to all of the century.as a humanist shakespeare, in his play in the performance of human consciousness, the power of reason and free will role. however, humanism should include not only the concern of people,

41、 human values and dignity maintenance, but also should include understanding of human nature, understanding of human nature, on the relationship between man and the universe thinking, this is the spirit of humanism the deep meaning, like allen bullock said: people on their own experience as a person

42、, to god, to understand the natural starting point. hamlet is such a work.4. the dramahamlet is one of the masterpieces of shakespeares tragedies. is the story of hamlet prince of denmark humanism center in germany wittenberg college, he got a sudden violent death of his father after the bad news, t

43、he funeral home immediately. at that time, his uncle claudius was about to ascend the throne and married his mother hastily changed the new king. these unfortunate news makes hamlet distressed, world-weary mood at this time quietly produced. his mother and the new king in the wedding night, the fath

44、ers soul suddenly appeared over the castle, trying to tell his son his real cause of death: claudius murdered his father was dead. so hamlet to prove this point, in front of everybody pretended insanity look. but the crafty, cunning hamlet claudius began to suspect, has repeatedly sent hamlet tempte

45、d him to go old school, you can eventually see through hamlet. once, hamlet taking advantage of the drama team performances, the actors who staged a rat machine, and invited the new king and queen one up to watch. the play is about a duke of vienna poisoned by his relatives in the garden, the murder

46、er will soon cheated duchess be his wife. the play hamlet wants to map the behavior of claudius and verify the authenticity of his father, then. sure enough, the new king after watching the show pallor, rush to leave. his fathers words confirmed, is that his uncle killed his father usurper person. c

47、laudius was afraid he would hurt himself would perhaps will send hamlet to england, and secretly wrote to the british king, let him get rid of hamlet. may in to the uk on the way, hamlet accidentally discovered claudius to the king of england to write a letter, so count on the meter, changed inside,

48、 so deported him to england for him to die, himself through pirate help smooth return to denmark. then ophelia lover because his father was killed, his wife was deported hamlet too sad country last drowned. poloniuss son brings together a group of people want to avenge his father. soon after they we

49、re at ophelias funeral met. leodiss challenge to hamlet. despicable claudius and hamlet then let him come through the fencing duel, and finally avenge his fathers death due to poisoning themselves while the. prince of denmark to avenge his fathers story as early as the 12th century was written. some

50、 writers that hamlet is based on the screenplay of the same name thomas kidd spanish tragedy adapted from. hamlets story takes place in the middle of europe, when europe is in the feudal forces and the church was built under the rule of royal forces. nevertheless, shakespeare does not confined to th

51、e two, but by humanistic perspective to write the story now, would humanism properly into the works, with a view of humanism church with the feudal idea of resistance, the only simply in order to avenge his fathers story adapted into a social tragedy, it has a strong flavor of the times while deepen

52、ing the theme of the story.hamlet is shakespeares most famous - the ministry of tragedy, it highlights reflect the authors humanist thought. shakespeare said, his work is, according to a mirror to nature, take a look at his face to virtue, to take a look at their absurd gesture, to look at their own

53、 times and social image and imprint. hamlet is the epitome of an era.hamlet depicting human psychology is very rich language, which in shakespeares tragedy is all very prominent. as most of hamlets character is madness speak out, his absurd mouthful of words, burst out like a spark. claudius cynical

54、 language implies ugly out of his snake in the grass. polonius love to use poetic language, gives a funny impression.in hamlet, this drama, can be seen everywhere in the eyes of his own typical character intentionally portrayed as a hero of ingenuity: hamlet shenanigans in against a stronger enemy h

55、arsh circumstances, he dared to be tit for tat struggle to break the crafty king he set the - all trap: first pierced polonius and rosen crane, who conducted spying and surveillance trick; also allows the queen found conscience; followed by a transfer package meter except crafty king lost two pawns,

56、 the crafty king collateral plot shattered; finally eye for an eye person in his body, the double trap - poisoned sword and gave the poisoned wine crafty king. in each round of the fight, the image of hamlet seemed tall. therefore, some critics say, hamlet is a giant type of tragedy, his statement i

57、s not unreasonable.5. the humanism in hamlethamlet is shakespeares idealized image of humanists, but also be the most controversial in the history of world literature characters. hamlet was originally a youth full of optimism humanism; he believes that the world is a glamorous world. he acura people

58、, also never looks high and low to anyone. hamlet, prince of denmark although outside dressed aura, but the heart is indeed an innocent, moral, ideological and very advanced humanist. but his father died and his mother remarried a double blow, he became depressed and cynical. the play hamlet prince from naive to depression prince then revenge prince, reflects the development of the twists and turns things, changing, but also reflects him as a humanist character. hamlet is a typical humanist,