2000-2012年历年考研英语真题+答案(2013考研英语免费下载)

1、2012考研英语（一）真题参考答案Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or Don ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices became an important issue recently. The court cannot_ its legitimacy as g

2、uardian of the rule of law_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that_ the courts reputation for being independent and impartial。Justices Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito Jr., for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less

3、 likely that the courts decisions will be_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _ by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself_ to the code of conduct that _to the rest of the federal judiciary。This and other cases _the question of whether th

4、ere is still a _ between the court and politics。The framers of the Constitution envisioned law_ having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _ they would be free to _those in power and have no need to_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart

5、from politics precisely because they are so closely _。Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _is inescapably political which is why decisions split along id

6、eological lines are so easily _ as unjust。The justices must _doubts about the courts legitimacy by making themselves _to the code of conduct. That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _, convincing as law。1 A emphasizeB maintainC modifyD recognize 2 A whenB

7、bestC beforeD unles 3 A renderedB weakenedC establishedD eliminated4 A challengedB compromisedC suspectedD accepted 5. A advancedB caught C boundD founded 6. A resistantB subjectC immuneD prone 7. A resortsB sticksC leadsD applies 8. A evadeB raiseC denyD settle 9. A lineB barrier C similarity D con

8、flict 10. A byB asC throughD towards 11. A soB sinceC providedD though 12. A serveB satisfyC upsetD replace 13. A confirm B express C cultivate D offer 14 A guardedB followedC studiedD tied15. A concepts B theories C divisions D convenience16. A excludes B questions C shapes D controls17. A dismisse

9、d B released C ranked D distorted18. A suppress B exploitC addressD ignore 19. A accessibleB. amiableC agreeable D accountable20. A by all meansB at all costsC in a wordD as a resultSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c

10、hoosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40 points)Text 2Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives. It is not that pink intrinsically bad, but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may cele

11、brate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fused girls identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls lives an

12、d interests。Girls attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, its not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore

13、white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. Whats more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which

14、 was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant childrens marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to

15、 seem innately attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years。I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler

16、. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into childrens behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s。Trade publications counselled de

17、partment stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a third stepping stone between infant wear and older kids clothes. It was only after toddler became common shoppers term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categ

18、ories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences or invent them where they did not previously exist。26 By saying it is . The rainbow(line 3, Para 1)， the author means pink _。A should not be the sole representation of

19、girlhoodB should not be associated with girls innocenceC cannot explain girls lack of imaginationD cannot influence girls lives and interests27 According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?A Colors are encoded in girls DNA B Blue used to be regarded as the color for girlsC Pin

20、k used to be a neutral color in symbolizing gendersD White is preferred by babies28 The author suggests that our perception of childrens psychological devotement was much influenced by _。A the marketing of products for childrenB the observation of childrens natureC researches into childrens behavior

21、D studies of childhood consumption29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised _。A focuses on infant wear and older kids clothesB attach equal importance to different gendersC classify consumers into smaller groupsD create some common shoppers terms30. it can be concluded th

22、at girls attraction to pink seems to be _。A clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB fully understood by clothing manufacturersC mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD well interpreted by psychological expertsPart BDirections:For questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the

23、 list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)Part C Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the unde

24、rlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. ( 10 points)Section Writing Part A 51. Directions:You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use Postgraduates Association instead. ( 10 points)Part

25、 B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you shoulddescribe the picture briefly,explain its intended meaning, andgive your comments。You should write neatly on answer sheet 2.2012年全国硕士 研究生入学考试英语试题National Entrance Test of English for MA/MSCandida

26、tes (NETEM) 跨考英语教研室杨凤芝Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blankand mark A, B, C or Don ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices became an important issuerecently. The court cannot_ its legitimacy a

27、s guardian of the rule oflaw_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances,justices acted in ways that_ the courts reputation for being independentand impartial。Justices Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito Jr., for example, appeared atpolitical events. That kind of activity makes it less

28、likely that the courtsdecisions will be_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is thatthe justices are not _ by an ethics code. At the very least, the courtshould make itself_ to the code of conduct that _to the rest of thefederal judiciary。This and other cases _the question of whether there i

29、s still a _between the court and politics。The framers of the Constitution envisioned law_ having authority apartfrom politics. They gave justices permanent positions _ they would be freeto _those in power and have no need to_ political support. Our legalsystem was designed to set law apart from poli

30、tics precisely because they areso closely _。Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted infundamental social _like liberty and property. When the court deals withsocial policy decisions, the law it _is inescapably political whichis why decisions split along ideological lin

31、es are so easily _ as unjust。The justices must _doubts about the courts legitimacy by makingthemselves _to the code of conduct. That would make their rulings morelikely to be seen as separate from politics and, _, convincing as law。1 A emphasize B maintain C modify D recognize 2 A when B best C befo

32、re D unless3 A rendered B weakened C established D eliminated4 A challenged B compromised C suspected D accepted 5. A advanced B caught C bound D founded 6. A resistant B subject C immune D prone 7. A resorts B sticks C leads D applies 8. A evade B raise C deny D settle 9. A line B barrier C similar

33、ity D conflict 10. A by B as C through D towards 11. A so B since C provided D though 12. A serve B satisfy C upset D replace 13. A confirm B express C cultivate D offer 14 A guarded B followed C studied D tied15. A concepts B theories C divisions D convenience16. A excludes B questions C shapes D c

34、ontrols17. A dismissed B released C ranked D distorted18. A suppress B exploit C address D ignore 19. A accessible B. amiable C agreeable D accountable20. A by all means B at all costs C in a word D as a resultSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the qu

35、estions below each text bychoosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40 points)Text 2Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with thecolour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives. It is not that pinkintrinsically bad, but it is a tiny slice of the rainbo

36、w and, though it maycelebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fused girlsidentity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds,between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence。Looking around, despaired at the singular lack of imagination

37、 about girlslives and interests。Girls attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA,but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies,its not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20thcentury: in the era before domestic washing machines

38、 all babies wore white as apractical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boilthem. Whats more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actuallyconsidered the more masculine colour, a pastel version

39、 of red, which wasassociated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary,constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until themid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominantchildrens marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when i

40、tbegan to seem innately attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female,at least for the first few critical years。I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perceptionof what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychologicaldevelopment. Take the t

41、oddler. I assumed that phase was something expertsdeveloped after years of research into childrens behaviour: wrong. Turns out,according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it waspopularised as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s。Trade publications counselled

42、 department stores that, in order to increasesales, they should create a third stepping stone between infant wear andolder kids clothes. It was only after toddler became common shoppersterm that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splittingkids, or adults, into ever-tinier catego

43、ries has proved a sure-fire way toboost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is tomagnify gender differences or invent them where they did not previously exist。26 By saying it is . The rainbow(line 3, Para 1)， the author means pink _。A should not be the sole representation of gir

44、lhoodB should not be associated with girls innocenceC cannot explain girls lack of imaginationD cannot influence girls lives and interests27 According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?A Colors are encoded in girls DNAB Blue used to be regarded as the color for girlsC Pink us

45、ed to be a neutral color in symbolizing gendersD White is preferred by babies28 The author suggests that our perception of childrens psychologicaldevotement was much influenced by _。A the marketing of products for childrenB the observation of childrens natureC researches into childrens behaviorD stu

46、dies of childhood consumption29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised _。A focuses on infant wear and older kids clothesB attach equal importance to different gendersC classify consumers into smaller groupsD create some common shoppers terms30. it can be concluded that gi

47、rls attraction to pink seems to be _。A clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB fully understood by clothing manufacturersC mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD well interpreted by psychological expertsPart BDirections:For questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list

48、A-G and fill them into thenumbered boxes to form a coherent text. ParagraphE has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in withthe text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined seg

49、mentsinto Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.( 10 points)Section WritingPart A51. Directions:You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use PostgraduatesAssociation instead. ( 10 points)Part B52. Direction

50、s:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In youressay,you should1) describe the picture briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your comments。You should write neatly on answer sheet 2.1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C6.B 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.B11.A 12.C 13.C 14.D 15.A16.C 17.A 18.C 1

51、9.D 20.D21.D 22.D 23.A 24.C 25.D26.C 27.A 28.A 29.B 30.B31.A 32.D 33.B 34.D 35.D36.C 37.D 38.B 39.A 40.A41.C 42.D 43.A 44.F 45.G46.在物理学上，一种方法是将这种冲动完美发挥到极点并且导找到一种万能的理论-一条我们都可以看的见，明白的普遍公式。47.在这里，达尔文主义似乎提供了一个准则，如果所有的人类都有共同的起源，那么文化差异能够追寻到更早的可控的起源也是合理的。48.从我们的共同特征中过滤独特性能够使我们明白文化行为的复杂性起源以及是什么在进化方面和认知方面指导我

52、们人类。49、其实，由约书亚格林伯说，将更多的经验主义用在了普遍性上，验证许多语言所共有的特点，这些特点被认为是代表了由认知限制造成的偏见。50. 乔姆斯基的语法应该表现了语言更改的模式，是通过独立的家谱或由它所跟踪的路径，而通过性预测的特定类型间的合作关系。Part A47.Directions：Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day. Write and email to the custo

53、mer service center to1) make a complaint， and2) demand a prompt solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.参考范文：Dear Mr./Miss：This letter is a complaint concerning the electronic dictionary I bought from you

54、r online store the other day.Two weeks ago I mailed the money that ordered and soon received the electronic dictionary. I followed the instructions attached with it. Instead I cannot get it started anyway. After changed the battery inside several times in vain， I totally gave it up.I wrote to your c

55、ompany expecting a prompt solution to this problem. I would hope that you could do something to give me a satisfactory feedback. And I will appreciate it very much if you put a strict test on these electronic dictionaries ， thus stop the continuing complaints and suffers of other comtomers.Sincerely

56、 Yours，Zhang Wei2012年考研英语真题：作文题目及范文作文一些外国留学生将要来你的大学，以学生会的名义给他们写一封email,1. 表示你的欢迎 2. 为他们在这里的校园生活提供一些建议请写100个字左右，请不要在信的末尾写你的名字，用笔名代替，不要写地址。范文亲爱的同学们，首先请允许我代表我校的各位领导老师及同学们对你们的到来表示热烈的欢迎，欢迎来到我校学习和生活。不同国家的校园生活有所不同，为了使你们的生活更加舒适，下面我将介绍一些在我校生活的一些建议。首先，在中国不可以直呼老师的名字，因为中国是一个礼仪之邦，中国人用称呼表达对老师的尊重。其次，希望你们珍惜在中国学习的时间，主动增加与中国人交流的机会，这样既能提高你们的汉语水平，也能了解中国的文化。最后，如果你们在生活和学习上遇到困难，及时与我们沟通。祝你们在中国的留学生活愉快!学生会Dear students,First of all, a