句子成分分析

1、金榜校区地址：厦禾路875号南洋大厦3楼310（金榜公园站旁）5865200康乐校区地址：南山路396号南山新村4楼403 （康乐公交站旁）5660032句子成分是指构成句子的各组成部分，即词和词组在句子中的各种语法意义。句子成分主要有主语、谓语、表语、宾 语、定语、状语、补语（宾语补足语）、同位语等。句子成分说明常用词类主语句子所要说明的动作或状态的主体（人或事物）动作的执行者名词、代词谓语表示主语的动作或状态动词表语放在系动词后表示主语的身份或特征名词、代词、形容词宾语表示及物动词动作的对象动作的承受者名词、代词定语限定或修饰名词、代词形容词状语修饰动词、形容词、副词用，表示时间、地点、状

2、态、程度等含义副词、主语 主语是指句子谈论的主题，也就是句中动作、行为、性质和状态的主体。通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名 词等充当。如:1. Betty likes her new bike.（名词）2. They usually go to school on foot.（代词）3. To learn a foreign languages not easy.（不定式）4. Plavina basketball after schopls great fun. （动名词）5. What he likes best is unknown. （从句）6.It took him thirty

3、minutes to get there. （it 作形式主语，代替真正的主语to do）二、谓语谓语和主语一样，是一个句子的主干之一，表示主语所做的动作、具有的特征及所处的状态。通常由动词充当，动词常分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词以及助动词。情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语，它们必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。实义动词包括及物动词（vt）和不及物动词（vi），及物动词后面要带宾语。通常情况下,谓语位于主语之后。如：1. They work very hard.（实义动词）2. She bought a new house last year.（实义动词）3. Tom feels muc

4、h better now.（连系动词）4. We can speakE nglish very well.（情态动词 + 实义动词）5. They are playing over there.（助动词 + 实义动词）注意：根据动词的分类构成五种句型：三、宾语般接在及物动词后面或介词后面，通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、宾语表示动作的对象或承受者。动名词以及宾语从句等构成。如：1、Tom bought a story-book last week. （名词）2、How many books do you want? ”“ want seven”（数词）3、 He wan ted to ha

5、ve a cup of tea（不定式）4、 She enjoys playing basketball.（动名词）5、 Our teacher said that he would go there.（宾语从句）注意：有些动词需要带两个宾语，一个是直接宾语（指物），一个是间接宾语（指人）。下列动词常跟双宾语：give ; show ; send ; bring ; lend ; leave ; pass ; hand ; tell ; write ; teach ; retur n ; throw ; make ; buy ; do ; fetch ; get 等。 其中make ; buy

6、 ; do ; fetch ; get动词带的间接宾语放在直接宾语后时其前须加介词for ;其余动词一般加 to .如：1、Send her a postcard tomorrow. = Send a postcard to her tomorrow.2、Will you go and fetch me some chalk? = Will you go and fetch some chalk for me?四、表语表语是英语中特有的一种句子成分，是指跟在系动词后用来说明主语的身分、特征、性质或状态的词。可用形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、分词、不定式等作表语。常用系动词有：be ; a

7、ppear ; seem ; keep; stay ;remain; get ; become ; turn ; go; feel ; look ; smell ; sound ; taste ; 等等，如：1、Her sister is a nurse. （名词）2、 When he heard the news, he got angry.（形容词）3、 We were_at home.last night.（介词短语）4、 His cup is broken.（分词）5、Why didn I go to school yesterday? The reason is that I was

8、 ill.（that引导的从句）注意：当人称代词作表语时，在口语中常用宾格，在正式文体中用主格。如：“ Who is it? ”Its me / I.”五、定语定语是指用来修饰名词或代词的、表示人或事物的性质、特征、所属关系等的词。形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词、不定式、介词短语、分词等可用作定语。译成汉语时常有一个“的”字；定语一般位于所修饰的词之前，但修饰不定代词时须后置。如：-1 -黄冈申等金榜校区地址：厦禾路875号南洋大厦3楼310（金榜公园站旁）5865200康乐校区地址：南山路396号南山新村4楼403 （康乐公交站旁）5660032学习右法指导中心1、This is a (gr

9、een ) jeep.(形容词)2、 The building is ( their ) teaching-building.(物主代词)3、 The ( woman ) doctor is my wife.(名词)4、I have sth ( to tell you ).(不定式)6、The man ( in front of the gate ) is Mr Li.(介词短语)5、There is sth ( wrong ) with my radio.(形容词修饰不定代词)6、The book ( that I bought yesterday )is written by Luxun.

10、(定语从句)六、状语状语是说明动作或状态特征，表示动作行为或状态发生的时间、地点、条件、目的、原因、结果、程度、方式、伴随、比较等，用来修饰动词、形容词、副词 或整个句子。常用副词、介词短语、动词不定式或由if ; when等引导的状语从句来作状语。译成汉语时常有一个“地”字.女口：1、You are quite right. （副词，表程度）2、 She will arrive on Monday .（介词短语，表时间）3、He came here in order to learn English . （不定式，表目的）4、 If it rains tomorrow , we lstay

11、at home.（状语从句，表条件）七、补语（在此只介绍宾语补足语）用来补充说明宾语的成分就叫宾语补足语。形容词、动词不定式、名词、畐恫等常用作宾语补足语。如:1、You may call me .（名词）2、We must keep our room . （形容词）3、John asked me . （不定式）4、Keep the lights while you are out. （副词）to ”必须省略，而在注意：当感观动词和使让动词后的宾语补足语是动词不定式时，在主动语态中不定式符号 被动语态中to ”不可省略。八、同位语同位语是指两个或两个以上的词语，指同一个事物，作同一个句子成分，

12、如:1、This is my cousin, Helen .2、We Chinese are very proud of our country.-5 -同步练习：划出下列各句子成分1、The police are running after the thief.2、Driving cars is not easy.3、Do you speak a little Italian?4、To say is easy, to do is difficult.5、They will go and visit the zoo.6、They will arrive in Shanghai at 8:00.

13、7、Our teacher came into the classroom with a smile.8、She told me to meet her at the bus station.汉译英1、请不要在公共场所(public places)吸烟。9、I must stop smoking.10、The salesgirl showed her several bags.11、Do you want to have a rest?12、The coat with small white flowers is made of cotton.13、I saw Bill go into the

14、 room.14、It getting colder and colder.15、Don worry. Everyth ing goes all right.16、I found him among the crowd.谓前为状谓后主谓宾，定状补；主干枝叶分清楚；主干成分主谓宾；枝叶成分定状补；定语必居主宾前2、昨天你的母亲去医院了吗?3、他们还没完成工作。4、你将什么时候离开深圳？5、他命令弟弟马上离开。(一)分析下列句子成分：1. Our school is not far from my home.2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you学习右

15、法指导中Y3. All of us considered him honest.4. My gra ndfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass.6. He made it clear that he would leave the city.7. I love you more tha n her, child.8. Trees tur n gree n whe n spri ng comes.9. They pushed the door ope n.10. Gran dma told me a

16、n in terest ing story last ni ght.11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.12. All the stude nts thi nk highly of his teachi ng.13. We n eed a place twice larger tha n this one.14. He asked us to sing an En glish song.15. We believe Mr. Smith to be innocent.16. We will make our school more

17、 beautiful.17. He did nt come. That is why he did nt know.18. She showed us many of her pictures.19. The old man lives a Ion ely life.20. I ll get my hair cut tomorrow.21. Go back where you came from.22. We must do whatever the people want us to do.23. At last he got home, tired and hun gry.24. Woul

18、d you please pass me the cup?25. Mary handed her homework to the teacher.26. Do you know the latest news about him?27. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happe n in the cen ter of tow n.28. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany .29. There are so many people in the hall that its ha

19、rd for me to find him.30. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfill it this mon th.（二）请说出下列短文各句中的句子成分：I hope you are very well. Im fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on thefarm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the ri

20、ce harvest, so every day I work from dawn until黄冈申等金榜校区地址：厦禾路875号南洋大厦3楼310（金榜公园站旁）5865200康乐校区地址：南山路396号南山新村4楼403 （康乐公交站旁）5660032学习右法指导中Y dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow w

21、heat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, myDad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garde n. It does nt ofte n rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garde n. Every evening we pump water from a well. It the n runs along cha nn els to differe nt parts of the garde n.（三）给下列短文加上标点符号：During a bullfight a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle