独立主格结构教案

1、 .“独主格结构就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词或介词短语构成的一种独成分。该结构是子，也是从，所以它内部的动词能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与主之间能通过并连词连接，也能由从引导词引导，通常用逗号与主隔开。独主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从或者其他状语形式，但很多时候能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主主语一致。the plan successfully carried out, everything worked out perfectly.计划成功地完成，一进展顺。首，有时置于 a number of officials followe

2、d the emperor, some to hold his robe,中或尾， others to adjust his girdle, and so on. .意】1. 当独主格结构中的b(gun in hand可以用 with. .the homework done, jim decided to go and see the play.（=after the homework was done, jim decided to go and see the play.）作业做完后，jim决定去看戏。saddie sat alone, head bent.(=, with his hea

3、d bent.)saddie独自坐在那，耷着脑袋。做定语，相当于一 he was walking along the road without any lights on its both sides.个定语从 他走在一条两边没有灯的马上。独主格结构在中往往做状语，表时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随状况。【注意】独主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从，一般放在首，表示原因时还可放在末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并，通常放于末。. .定式构成的独主格结构往往表示还未发生的为或状态，件状语。在中常作原因状语， 有时做条动词-ing形式的中作状语时， 其逻辑主语必须是主的主语， 否则

4、就是正确的。 动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主的主语一致时，就应在动词的-ing 形式的独主格结构，逻辑主语与动词间为主谓关系，是分词的动作执者，分词表示的动作是逻辑主语发出的动作。the governor considering the matter, more strikers gathered across his path.总督思考这个问题时，多的罢工工人聚集到他要通过的上。the guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.在向导的带领下，我们轻松地走出森。. .过去分词形式的独主格结构是由“逻辑

5、主语 +过去分词构成。逻辑主语与动词之间为动宾关系，它是分词的动作承受者，这一结构在中作时间状语，原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。示many students joined in the math competition, most of them childrenof no more than 10. 很多学生参加这次数学竞赛，其中大多数人仅10岁。i received many gifts, many of them books.我收到很多书，其中很多事书籍。this section of road slippery, every driver should be careful.此段很，

6、所有司机应小心谨慎。arriving at the spot, they were all standing in surprise face to face,eyes wide open.一到现场，他们面对面吃惊的站着，眼睛瞪得大大的。music over, all the audience stood up with fits of applause.音乐一结束，所有的观众站起来报以热的掌声。. .nobody in, i had to wait.没人在，我只好等着。many experts attended the conference, most of them from the un

7、itedstates.the boy went off, a pinwheel in his hand.with/without+宾+宾补听到虎的叫声，我的脸吓白。with so many people present, i felt nervous.这么多人来到现场，我感到很紧张。i enjoy reading, with my music on.我喜欢开着音乐读书。with/without+名 伴随/原因/ with all children abroad, i at times feel very lonely.without anyone noticing, i sneaked int

8、o the room.没人看见，我悄悄地进屋子。伴随或原因 with so many people speaking, i couldn t settle down tomy work.这么多人说话，我无法安心工作。1. 分词结构、独主格结构作状语的注意事项。. .连词(如 when, if, as soon as, as, while等)或并连词 (and, but, or等)(2) 在使用独主格结构、分词作子的状语时，一定要看子主语同这些结构的逻辑关系。a. 当子主语与状语内部动词之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系时， 状语可用分词或从表示。when we see from the top fl

9、oor, we can find the garden more beautiful seeing fromthe top of the floor, we can find the garden more beautiful.从顶楼上看，花园要漂得多。b. 子主语与状语内动词之间存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系且状语内有自己的逻辑主语时，该状语能用分词结构，只能用独主格结构或从。if time permits, we d better have a rest at this weekend.time permitting, we dbetter have a rest at this weeken

10、d.时间允许的话，这周末我们最好休息一下。(3) 分词结构的逻辑主语是总和主的主语一致，也可能是主的其他成分。looking for my watch in the room, it had taken me a long time.在屋找手表花我很长时间。(4) 有些分词结构在子中找到它的逻辑主语。the chief editor arriving, we began the meeting.主编来，我们开始开会。3. 独主格结构中，当表人体部位的词作逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分词，及物动词用过去分词。he lay there, his teeth set, his fists clench

11、ed, his eyes looking straight up. .他躺在那，牙关紧闭，双拳紧握，两眼直视上方。(1)有些分词短语可以独存在，在子中没有逻辑上的主语，作为习惯用语。这些短语有：generally speaking一般来说，frankly speaking坦白说，strictly speaking严格来说，talking of谈到，speaking of说到，judging from由判断，taking all things into consideration把一考虑在内， considering that考虑到，allowingfor考虑到, putting it mild

12、ly说的温和些to be honest实说， to be sure确实，to tell you the truth说实话，to cut a long storyshort长话短说，to be frank 坦地说， to make matter/things worse糟糕的是to make things worse, many of the men have gone off to cities in search of higher pay,leaving women from nearby villages to carry on with the work.糟的是，许多男人到城市找高薪的

13、工作区，下附近村庄的妇积蓄承担修复工作。5. 独主格结构的时态问题. a. drawing the curtains6. the country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the endof last march.b. having been launchedd. to be launched8. with his son_ , the old man felt unhappy.a. to disappointc. disappointingb. to be disappointingd. being disappointed 10 john received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _ , he gladly accepted it .d. with his head down14. winter _ , it is time to buy warm clothes .15. the old man