初三定语从句宾语从句说课材料

1、定语从句&宾语从句此文档仅供收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 第十一讲（一）、定义：在复合句中，修饰 某一名词或代词 的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：This is the prese nt that he gave me for my birthday. Do you know everybody who came to the party?I still remember the night when I first came to the village?This is the place wh

2、ere Chairma n Mao once lived.The man who lives n ext to us is a policema n. You must do everythi ng that I do.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词 的后面。引导定语从句的词有 关系代词that, which, who（宾格whom,所有格whose）和关系副词where, when、why关系词常有三个作用12、3、(二) 、关系代词引导的定语从句1. who指人，在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playin

3、g football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old marwho lost his way .2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about .注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用 who代替，可省略。(2) The manwho/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a gamewhic

4、h is liked by most boys . ( which 在句子中做 )(2) This is the pen(which) he bought yesterday . ( which 在句子中做)4. that指人时，相当于 who或者whom;指物时，相当于 which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1) The peoplethat/who come to visit the city are all here. 在句子中做主语 )(2) Where is the manthat/whom I saw this morning ? 在句子中做宾语)5. whos

5、e通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friendwhose father is a doctor.(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in .whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3) The classroomwhose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroomthe door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(4) Do you like the book whose color is yello

6、w ?=Do you like the book （三）、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词：when与where、why、在从句中作状语。先行词指时间 when = in / at / on / during whichI will n ever forget the days whe n/on which we stayed in the summer holiday.I will n ever forget the days that we spe nt in the summer holiday此文档仅供收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除先行词指地点 where = in / at / f

7、rom / whichThe factory where/in which we worked 3 years ago is missing now.The factory that /which we visited 3 years ago is missing now. 先行词指原因 why = for whichThe reason wly/for which you didn t come to school is funny.The reas on which/that you expla ined me is un believable.【总结】：一、关系代词引导定语从句时，可作主

8、语、宾语、定语等句子成分。如:代替人代替物代替人或物主 语whowhichthat宾 语whom/whowhichthat疋语whose(= of whom)whose (= of which)1. This is the doctor who came from London.2. The book which/that I am readi ng is writte n by Thomas Hardy.3. The desk whose leg is broken is very old.4. This is the room tha/ which Shakespeare was born

9、 in.二、使用关系代词时应注意以下几点: 只能用that的情况：1. 女口果先行词是 all, anything, something, nothing, everything, little , none等 不定代词，关系代词一般 只用that，不用 which。例如： All that are present burst into tears.2. 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及 first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very 等词修饰，关系代词常 用that, 不用 which。例如：The first less on that I l

10、earned will n ever be forgotte n.3. 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如：He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.4先行词是序数词或被序数词 修饰的词。例如：He was the second person that told me the secret.5. 先行词中既有人又有物时，关系代词应该用that。例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.（二）. which还有一种特殊用法

11、，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表 示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中， which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数 情况下意思与and this相似。例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.（三）.介词+关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。此结构中的介词可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at, of, without等，关系代词常常 只可用 whom 或 which，不可用 that。此文档仅供收集于网

12、络，如有侵权请联系网站删除例如：The room in which t here is a machine is a workshop.像 listen to， look at， depend on, pay attention to， take care of 等固定短语动词， 在定语从句中一般不将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.一、典型例题()1、 -Do you know the manis talk ing with your father？-Yes， he s our headmaster.A. he B.

13、who C. which D. whom()2、The girlis reading under the treemy sister.A. which ； isB. whom； wasC. who； isD. who ； was()3、 Have you seen the film Titanicactors are very famous?A whoB whoseC thatD whom()4、Ann asked the policema nhe worked to con tact him whe never there was an accide nt.A with himB with

14、whomC whoD whom()5、A childparents are dead is called an orphan.A which B hisC whoseD with()6、This is the reasonhe told me.A、thatB、whyC、on whichD、for that()7、Do you know the scientistgave us a talk just now?A. whoB. whomC. whichD. whose()8、This is the dictionaryMum gave me for my birthday.A. which B.

15、 whatC. whoseD. whom()9、Shaolin Temple lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both athome and abroad.A. where B. which C. who D. what()10、一Do you know the girlis standing under the tree?She is my little sister.A. whoB. whom C. whose D. which【中考范例】1. (2004年哈尔滨)-Does the teacher know ever

16、ybodypla nted the trees?-Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who2. (2004年常州市)The letterI received from him yesterday is very importa nt.A. who B. where C. what D. that3. (2004年扬州市)-Where is the scie ntistgave us the talk yesterday?-He has gone back to Qin ghua Un iversity.A. whom B. who C. w

17、hose D. which4. (2004 年益阳市)I hate peopletalk much but do little.A. whose B. whom C. which D. who5. (2008 河北)This is the dictionaryMum give me for my birthday.A. which B. what C. whose D. whom6. (2008 广东)I have bought the camerawas advertised on TV.A. what B. why C. which D. who7. (2008 哈尔滨)If a bag

18、is filled with books and pen s, it must bel ong to some one works hand.此文档仅供收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除A.Which B. / C. whom D. who8. （2008 福州）-Do you know the girl is standing under the tree?-She is my little sister.A. who B. whom C. whose D. which9. （2008 河南）Shaolin Templelies in the west of Zhengzhou welcom

19、es the visitors both athome and abroad.A. where B. which C. who D. what10. （2008 吉林）This is the questionwe are talking about now.A. that B. who C. where D. whe n11. （2008 绍兴）Even teachers can ulnderstand some expressions _ their students use indaily life.A. whose B. who C. that D. whom12. （2008 襄樊 I

20、） I like writerswrite about stories.A. which B. what C. whom D. who13. （2008 辽宁）That is the mansaved ten children in the earthquake.A. who B. which C. where D. what14. （2008 宜昌）-What do you th ink of the book A Haw Tree was written by a woma n writer?A. whe nB. that C. whoD. where三. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1

21、. The housewe live in is very big.2. The boyis weari ng the black jacket is very clever.3. This is the prese nthe gave me for my birthday.4. The mantalked to you just now is an engin eer.5. He talked about the teachers and schoolshe had visited.6. There is nothing in the worldcan frighte n him.7. Sh

22、e wears a gold ring,is very un com mon in our class.8. We visited a factorymakes toys for childre n.9. Is this the placeyour father once lived?10. I ll never forget the daysI joined the League.11. Do you know the ladyis sta nding un der the tree?12. The boygave me the rain coat just now is my brothe

23、r.13. This is the girl friends ofte n come to see me.14. I live in the buildi ng is very n ear here.15. She is no t like the girlshe used to be.16. Any stude nt17. On Mei Meifini shes his test early should check his paper.her teacher afwOe of.s way home she saw the pers on18. He laughs bestlaughs la

24、st.19. Allyou have to do is to study hard.20. I like my hometow nI was born.四、课后练习（）1. Beiji ng is the 29th cityholds the Olympic Games.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. what（）2. Have you read the bookI gave you yesterday?A. thatB. whe nC. where（）3. The mancame to our party with a prese nt is my old friend.

25、A. whe nB. whichC. who（）4. I like writerswrite short stories.A. which B. what C. whom D. who此文档仅供收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除()5. This is the questi onwe are talk ing about now.A. thatB. who C. where D. whe n()6. What are you looki ng for?I am look ing for the bookI bought yesterday.A. whoB. whichC. whose()7.

26、Jack, there is some one in the officewould like to speak with you.A. whoB. whichC. whom()8. If a bag is filled with books and pen s, it must bel ong to some oneworks hard.A. whichB. /C. whom D. who()9. Many young people prefer the songshave great lyrics.A. whichB. whoC. where D. whom()10. Even teach

27、ers can t understand some expressions their students use in daily life.A. whoseB. whoC. thatD. whom()11. The bridgea big ship can go has bee n built.A. un der whichB. un der thatC. i n whichD. on which()12. The bookis torn is mine.A. the cover of whichB. the cover of thatC. which the coverD. whose c

28、over of()13. He talked about the classmates and the schoolhe had visited.A. whoB. thatC. whichD. about which()14. You have see n the girlsister is a Chin ese teacher.A. whomB. of whomC. whoseD. of which()15. We should do allis useful to people.A. /B. thatC. itD. which()16. We came to a placethey had

29、 n ever paid a visit before.A. whichB. i n whichC. on whichD. to which()17. Thosefini shed doing it put up your han ds.A. who haveB. who hasC. which haveD. have()19. The manwas a frie nd of mine.A. that youjust talkedtoB. whom youjusttalkedto himC. who youjust talkedto himD. which youjusttalkedto()2

30、0. I went to the schoolmy father once worked.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. on which()21. I shall never forget those years I lived in the country with the farmers,has a great effect on my life.A. that; whichB. whe n; whichC. which; thatD. whe n; who()22. The weather tur ned out to be very good,was more t

31、ha n we could expect.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it()23. Carol said the work would be done by October, _pers on ally I doubt very much.A. itB. thatC. whe nD. which()24. Dorothy was always speak ing highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made theothers un happy.A. whoB. whichC. thisD. what()25. H

32、ave you see n the film Tita nic,lead ing actor is world famous?A. itsB. itsC. whoseD. which只供学习与交流此文档仅供收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习与交流Part 2宾语从句一考点点睛 考点一：时态1主过，从过：当主句是过去时的时候，从句要改为过去的对应时态,Eg： I know youre right. 过去时 lknew you were right.2主不过，从随意：当主句不是过去时的时候，从句时态不受限一、从真理，一般现在永不变：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句是什么时态，从句一律用一般

33、现在时eg： My mom told that Beijing is the capital of China.考点二：语序 宾语从句的语序要用 陈述句语序，即：主语+谓语，译一译：我不知道他是谁。 考点三：连接词：(1)陈述句，引导词当从句是J (2)一般疑问句(3)特殊疑问句女口： I knowhe is a good student.我想知道她的答案是正确的吗 Where does she live? Do you know?（合并成一句）特别注意：只能用whether不能用if的情况 与 or not 连用：He asked mewhether or not I was coming. 在介词之后：It depe ndso n whether it is going to rain. 在不定式之前：We haven t decidew hether to go there.二.中考地带。1. （2010 .河北中考 Your T-shirt is so cool