毕业论文-基于PLC的彩灯广告屏控制设计

1、设 计 题 目 彩灯广告屏的plc控制 所 在 系 信息与机电工程系 姓 名 学 号 072235089 任 课 老 师 专 业 年 级 电气工程及其自动化2007级 2011年1月 10 日目 录1.任务描述与控制要求说明-11.1任务描述-11.2控制要求说明-22.硬件选型-32.1plc的优点-32.2输入输出点数的确定-42.3plc的选型-42.4硬件配置-43.地址分配及i/o连接图-73.1地址分配-73.2i/o连接图-83.3灯光布局示意图-104.plc软件设计-115.调试说明及注意事项-125.1调试说明-125.2注意事项-126.附录-136.1附录一：设计梯形图

2、-136.2附录二：设计指令表-18参考文献-25彩灯广告屏的plc控制1.任务描述与控制要求说明开始控制彩灯左移计数控制彩灯右移计数控制彩灯左移计数全灭全亮控制彩灯右移计数全灭全亮c0计数是否满8秒?c1计数是否满10秒?c2计数是否满8秒?c4计数是否满8秒?c3计数是否满2秒?c5计数是否满20秒?c6计数是否满8秒?c7计数是否满2秒?anynyynnynnyyayn是否继续循环?bbnccyyn结束1.1任务描述图1 系统工作流程系统启动后,灯管点亮的顺序依次为;1号到2号到3号.8号时间隔为1s,8根彩灯全亮后,持续10s,然后按照8号到7号到6号.1号开始顺序依次熄灭时间为1s,

3、灯管全部熄灭后等待2s,再从8号灯管开始按照1号到2号.8号顺序依次点亮时间隔为1s,全部点亮后持续20s,再按照1号到2号到.8号顺序熄灭,时间为1s,灯管全部熄灭后,等待2s再重新开始上述过程的循环。整个工作流程如下图1表示。1.2控制要求说明(1)广告屏中间部分有8根彩灯管.从左到右排列,编号1到8号 系统启动后,灯管点亮的顺序依次为;1号到2号到3号.8号时间隔为1s,8根彩灯全亮后,持续10s,然后按照8号到7号到6号.1号开始顺序依次熄灭时间为1s,灯管全部熄灭后等待2s,再从8号灯管开始按照1号到2号.8号顺序依次点亮时间隔为1s,全部点亮后持续20s,再按照1号到2号到.8号顺

4、序熄灭,时间为1s,灯管全部熄灭后,等待2s再重新开始上述过程的循环；(2)广告屏四周安装的24只流水灯4只一组,共分成6组(1-6)系统启动后按照1-6的顺 序,依次亮并循环时间隔为1s,18s后,按照6-1的顺序,依次点亮并进行循环,再按照1-6的顺序循环往复,直至系统停止工作；(3)系统用启动按钮和停止按钮操作,并有单步连续控制；(4)各个彩灯的工作电压均为220v ac。2.硬件选型2.1plc的优点1）.维护性好plc有成熟的技术和完善的质量保障体系，因此plc出故障的可能性很小，其硬件部分在其寿命期内基本不需要维护。plc是一种长线产品，备品备件都有保障，可维护性好。 2）. 宽输

5、入电源范围ac220v规格在50v能正常工作更拥有500v输入电源技术(非必须技术,选配)能适应ac110v,ac120v,ac220v,ac240v,ac380v,ac440v等各种照明/动力输入电源规格，dc输入规格更能做到15v-60v正常工作.适应24v,36v,48v电池供电.超低电源规格 甚至能在dc8-30v电压下工作.适应12v电池供电3）.高速率plc能够提供高速的传输。目前，其传输速率依设备厂家的不同而在1m200mbps之间。远远高于拨号上网和isdn，比adsl更快！足以支持现有网络上的各种应用。4）.plc的体积小plc的几何尺寸都不大。体积小的plc可以装入机器设备

6、内部，使机器结构紧凑。便于实现机电一体化。5）.低功率消耗针对电池移动场所的直流输入规格,整机消耗仅为24v/6ma 交流工作型的功率消耗低到0.1w-0.3w2.2输入输出点数的确定输入有sb1、sb2、sb3、sb4四个开关。输出有hl1、hl2、hl3、hl4、hl5、hl6、hl7、hl8、km1、km2、km3、km4、km5、km6。输入共4个点，输出共14个点。2.3 plc的选型根据输入输出的点数可以选择西门子s7-200型plc。2.4硬件配置1）主要选择的设备：s7-200plc我们选取的plc是西门子生产的s7-200.下面对s7-200做出简要的说明：s7-200系列是

7、一类可编程逻辑控制器（micro plc）。这一系列产品可以满足多种多样的自动化控制需要，下图展示一台s7-200 micro plc的 cpu22*系列plc的cpu外型图，具有紧凑的设计、良好的扩展性、低廉的价格以及强大的指令，使得s7-200可以近乎完美地满足小规模的控制要求。此外，丰富的cpu类型和电压等级使其在解决用户的工业自动化问题时，具有很强的适应性。图2 s7-200 cpu外型图s7-200 cpu模块包括一个中央处理器单元（cpu）、电源以及数字量i/o点，这些都被集成在一个紧凑、独立的设备中。l cpu负责执行程序和存储数据，以便对工业自动控制任务或过程进行控制。l 输入

8、和输出是系统的控制点：输入部分从现场设备（例如传感器或开关）中采集信号，输出部分则控制泵、电机、以及工业过程中的其他设备。l 电源向cpu及其所连接的任何模块提供电力。l 通讯端口允许将s7-200cpu同编程器或一些设备连接起来。l 状态信号灯显示了cpu的工作模式（运行或停止），本机的i/o的当前状态，以及检查出来的系统错误。l 通过扩展模块可以增加cpu的i/o点数（cpu221不可以扩展）。l 通过扩展模块可以提供其通讯功能。l 一些cpu具有内置实时时钟，其他cpu需要实时时钟卡。l eeprom卡可以存储cpu程序，也可以将一个cpu中的程序传送到另一个cpu中。l 通过可选的插入

9、式电池盒可延长ram中的数据存储时间。下图展示了一个基本的s7-200 micro plc。它包括一个s7-200 cpu 模块，一台个人计算机（pc），step 7-micro/win32(3.1版)编程软件，以及一条通讯电缆。图3 s7-200 micro plc系统的组成2）plc模块的选择：采用cpu226的主机由于实际控制中，总共有4个输入点和14个输出点，而cpu226有24个输入点和16个输出点，所以它完全可以满足条件。下面简单介绍一下cpu226的主机：cpu226:本机集成24输入/16输出，i/o共计40点，与cpu224相比，程序储存容量增大了一倍，数据储存容量增加到10

10、kb，它有两个通信口，通信能力大大增强，它可用于点数较多、要求较高的小型或中型控制系统。3.地址分配及i/o连接图3.1地址分配i/o地址分配如下表编程元件i/o端子电路器件作用输入继电器i0.0sb1启动按钮i0.1sb2停止按钮i0.2sb3步进按钮i0.3sb4单步/连续选择开关输出继电器q0.0hl1彩灯1q0.1hl2彩灯2q0.2hl3彩灯3q0.3hl4彩灯4q0.4hl5彩灯5q0.5hl6彩灯6q2.0hl7彩灯7q2.1hl8彩灯8q2.2km1流水灯iq2.3km2流水灯iiq2.4km3流水灯iiiq2.5km4流水灯ivq2.6km5流水灯vq2.7 km6流水灯vi

11、3.2 i/o连接图i/o连接图如下图所示图4 外围接线图1km1km2km3km4km5km6hl11hl12hl13hl14hl21hl22hl23hl24hl31hl32hl33hl34hl41hl42hl43hl44hl52hl51hl53hl54hl63hl64hl62hl61200v av图5 外围接线图23.3灯管布局示意图图6 灯管布局示意图4.plc软件设计（分工）5.调试说明5.1调试说明1）硬件调试：接通电源，检查s7-200 plc可编程控制器是否可以正常工作，接头是否接触良好，然后把其与电脑的通信口连接。 2）软件调试：按要求输入梯形图，转换成指令表，并进行语法的检查

12、，正确后设置正确的通信口，将指令读入到指定的可编程控制器rom中，进行下一步的调试。 3）运行调试：在硬件调试和软件调试正确的基础上，打开s7-200 plc可编程控制器的“run”开关进行调试；观察运行的情况，看是否是随时按下停止按钮可以停止系统运行，或者等待100个脉冲后，系统是否停止运行。 根据以上的调试情况，本彩灯循环点亮的plc控制系统设计符合要求。5.2注意事项1）调试的时候要全面彻底地把调试时要的地方改掉。2）其余程序指令按软件转换来的指令，防止梯形图编写程序指令出现错误。3）在输入指令的时候要仔细，防止不必要的输入失误。6.附录6.2附录一：设计梯形图6.2附录二：设计指令表o

13、rganization_block 主程序:ob1title=程序注释beginnetwork 1 / 启动/停止/ 网络注释ld i0.0o m0.0an i0.1= m0.0network 2 / 秒缓冲ld m0.0a sm0.5= m0.1network 3 / 彩灯左移,8sld m0.1ld i0.1o c7ctd c0, 8network 4 / 全亮10s，共18sld m0.1ld i0.1o c7ctd c1, 8network 5 / 彩灯右移，8s，共26sld m0.1ld i0.1o c7ctd c2, 8network 6 / 间隔2s，累计28sld m0.1l

14、d i0.1o c7ctd c3, 28network 7 / 彩灯右移，8s，共36sld m0.1ld i0.1o c7ctd c4, 36network 8 / 全亮20s，共56sld m0.1ld i0.1o c7ctd c5, 56network 9 / 彩灯左移，8s，64sld m0.1ld i0.1o c7ctd c6, 64network 10 / 全灭2s，累计66sld m0.1ld i0.1o c7ctd c7, 66network 11 / 流水灯，18sld m0.1ld i0.1o c9ctd c8, 18network 12 / 流水灯，36sld m0.1l

15、d i0.1o c9ctd c9, 36network 13 / 彩灯左移初值ld m0.0an q0.7= m0.2network 14 ld m0.0a sm0.5eu= m0.3network 15 / 彩灯左移，8s后全亮ld m0.3an c0shrb m0.2, q0.0, 8network 16 / 彩灯右移初值ldn q0.0an q0.1an q0.2an q0.3an q0.4an q0.5an q0.6an q0.7= m0.4network 17 / 彩灯在18-26s右移，8s后全灭ld m0.3a c1an c2shrb m0.4, q0.0, 8network 1

16、8 / 彩灯在56-64s右移，8s后全灭ld m0.3a c5an c6shrb m0.4, q0.0, 8network 19 / 彩灯右移初值ld m0.0an q0.0= m0.5network 20 / 彩灯在28-36s右移，8次后全亮ld m0.3a c3an c4shrb m0.5, q0.0, 8network 21 ldn q1.0an q1.1an q1.2an q1.3an q1.4an q1.5= m0.6network 22 / 流水灯左移ld m0.0a m0.3an c8shrb m0.6, q1.0, 6network 23 / 流水灯右移ld m0.0a m

17、0.3an c8shrb m0.6, q1.0, 6end_organization_blocksubroutine_block sbr_0:sbr0title=子程序注释beginnetwork 1 / 网络标题/ 网络注释end_subroutine_blockinterrupt_block int_0:int0title=中断程序注释beginnetwork 1 / 网络标题/ 网络注释end_interrupt_block参考文献1王也仿主编；可编程控制器应用技术；北京；机械工业出版社；2001.92夏辛明 黄鸿 高岩编著；可编程控制器技术及应用；北京；北京理工大学出版社；2005年1

18、0月3王庭有等编著；可编程控制器原理及应用；北京；国防工业出版社；2005.14张万忠 孙晋 编著；可编程控制器入门与应用实例；北京；中国电力出版社；2005g an employment tribunal claimemployment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.you may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employe

19、r has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.for more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seedismissal.you can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has

20、taken against you. however, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about

21、happened. if your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.if you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed underfurther help.employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it i

22、s still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. if you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed un

23、derfurther help.if you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. this is known as adamages-based agreement. in england and wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of yo

24、ur compensation if you win the case.if you are thinking about signing up for a damages-based agreement, you should make sure youre clear about the terms of the agreement. it might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a citizens advice bureau. to find your nearest cab, i

25、ncluding those that give advice by e-mail, click onnearest cab.for more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeemployment tribunals.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations

26、 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa h

27、asopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures comp

28、laint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska.age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. may be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; may be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird b

29、elief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字开头的年龄已经到了尾声。或许是愧疚于自己似乎把转瞬即逝的很多个不同的日子过成了同一天的样子；或许是追溯过去，对自己那些近乎偏执的怪

30、异信念的醒悟，这些天以来，思绪一直很凌乱，在脑海中不断纠缠。总觉得自己自己似乎应该去做点什么，或者写点什么。二十年的人生轨迹深深浅浅，突然就感觉到有些事情，非做不可了。the end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而穷尽我们的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？during my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for new year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and mor

31、e found that those things are optional; junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; then in high school, think dont want to

32、give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant

33、 remember his appearance.童年时，觉得压岁钱和新衣服是过年必备，但是随着年龄的推进，会越来越发现，那些东西根本就可有可无；初中时，以为要有一场暗恋才意味着真正的成长，但三年过去后，自己心平气和的写同学录的时候，突然就发现是不是真正的成长了，好像并没有那么重要了；然后到了高中，觉得非要吐露出自己的心声才能为高中生涯里的懵懂情愫划上一个句点，但毕业晚会的时候最终还是被梗塞在了咽喉，后来再次站在他曾经挥汗如雨的球场，看着他投过篮球的球框时，突然间发现自己已经想不起他的容颜。originally, this world, can produce a chemical react

34、ion to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原来，这个世界上，对某个事件能产生化学反应的，除了非做不可的坚决，还有，时间。a persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out

35、 at last. dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一个人的时候，自己的想法总是特别地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明确，好像没有什么可以撼动自己。也曾经好像已经下定了决

36、心去做某件事，但更多的时候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌恶过自己的怯懦，最终却发现有很多缘分，有很多错过，好像冥冥之中真的已经注定。那些曾经所谓的非做不可，只是青葱年华里自己给自己注射的一支强心剂，或者说，是自以为是的精神寄托罢了。at the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; those were broken into various shapes of stationery; from the corner at th

37、e beginning of deep friendship; have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是阴暗的，空气里有着刚下过雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件蓝格子衬衫；那些被折成各种各样形状的信纸；那段从街角深巷伊始的友谊；还有那场还没有开始就宣告了终结的邂逅计划那些年那些天的非做不可，终于和青春一样，都将在我们的人生中谢幕。baumgartn

38、er the disappointing news: mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of

39、the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.athe supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weathethe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will s