2019最新版)人教版高一英语新教材Book-one-Welcome-Unit词汇串讲16页

1、（2019最新版）人教版高一英语新教材Book one - WelcomeUnit单词的记忆靠的是提高记忆的方法记忆的七大要素1、重复；2、理解要记的信息；3、一心不二用；4、把新的信息与已知的信息连接起来；5、将信息分类（每次不可超过七类）；6、回忆；7、享受学习（疲劳、心情不好不学）。合理拆分 生熟联想形成脑图 长久不忘其实，背单词的方法可以有很多种，概括成一句话就是：“一读二拆三想四看五编”。“一读”就是通过单词的发音和中文中相似的发音来记忆单词，比如说chaos，中文拼音发音是“吵死”，中文解释是“喧嚣，混乱”。“二拆”就是把单词拆成几个部分来记忆，比如说ambulance这个单词可以

2、拆成“am(俺)bu(不)le(能)ce(死)”，一看就知道要去叫“救护车”。“三想”就是通过联想思维来记忆单词，比如说slim，S可以看成是女生美好的身材曲线，I可以看成是镜子的侧面，i就是我，m表示钱money，在大脑中形成的图像是：一个女生在照镜子试装，我付钱买单为了她“苗条的”身材。“四看”就是通过词根词缀来记忆单词，比如说unexpected(出现在08北京中考完型第12题空格之后)，un-表示“不”，expect（料想），-ed没有含义，只表示词性。这样原来一个复杂单词意思就是“意料之外的”，正好与选线中的surprised（惊奇的）相对应。“五编”就是编故事记忆单词，比如说、一个

3、人出生之后成为infant / baby,慢慢的成为一个child / kid ，13-19岁是成为一个teenager，满了18岁成为adult / grown-up，而立之年是middle-age，老年是senior / old, 所以可以顺着人生成长的几个阶段的关键词作为主线，把单词穿起来记忆。WelcomeUnit词汇串讲1.exchange /kstend/n. C;U交换;交流;交易vt.交换;交流；交易;兑换【必背典例】：We only exchanged a few words because we were in a hurry.因为我们都很匆忙，所以只交谈了几句。I oft

4、en exchange stamps with him.我常和他交换邮票。The shirt I just bought is a little small; can I exchange it for a bigger one?我刚买的衬衣有点小，可不可以换件大点的。Can I exchange Renminbi for US dollars here? 我可以在这儿把人民币换成美元吗？【高考必备】exchange sth. (with sb.) (与某人) 交换某物 exchange sth. for sth. 用某物交换某物in exchange for用以交换对比：in return

5、(for) 作为（对的）回报；报答in reward (for)/as a reward forin exchange 作为交换in turn 依次；轮流；反之；反过来She gave him a gold watch in return for his help.I bought him a drink in return for his help.Please come up in turn to collect your books.请依次过来取你们的书。【高考链接】Ive offered to paint the house _ a weeks accommodation. (07山东

6、卷-28）A. in exchange for B. with regard to C. by means of D. in place of 【答案与简析】A。 该题是短语意义辨析题。根据句子意思，应该选择in exchange for，表示“用以交换”。 【备考押题】1.Bluetooth is a radio-technology allowing cell phones, wireless earphones, etc. to_ radio signals, so that people can contact each other within 10 metres. A. match

7、B. shareC. protectD. exchange2.The Africans began to offer gold in _for the goods they needed from abroad. A. exchange B. place C. change D. search【答案与简析】DA2. lecture /lekt(r)/n.讲座；讲课；演讲;教训vi.（开）讲座；演讲；讲课vt.训斥【必背短语】attend a lecture听演讲,听课go to lecture去听课cut a lecture旷课give sb a lecture训斥某人at a lecture

8、出席演讲at the lecture听讲lecture about/on关于的演讲lecture in English用英语所作的演讲【经典辨析】address, speech, lecture, report, talk这些名词均含“演讲，讲话，报告”之意。address:正式用词，指在庄严隆重的场合作精心准备的演讲或正式演说。speech:普通用词，指一般的发言或讲话，可以是事先准备的，也可以是即席的。lecture:侧重带学术性的演讲,讲课。a series of lecture onreport:一般是指下级给上级或负责人给委托机关的书面或口头报告。talk:常用词，强调非正式讲话，讲

9、话方式一般较为自由。3. registration /redstren / n.登记；注册；挂号4.register/ redst(r) /vt.& vi.登记；注册nC登记表；注册簿【必背短语】register as以登记,使登记成为register at a conference向大会报到register for(使)注册register in the course登记这门课register with向登记An increasing number of students are registering for degree courses each year.每年,越来越多的学生注册学习能

10、获得学位的课程。 How many members have officially registered in the club?该俱乐部正式登记的会员有多少? 5.sex /seks/ n.性别6. female /fi:mel/adj.女(性)的;雌性的n.雌性动（植）物；女子7. male / mel/adj.男(性)的;雄性的 n.雄性动（植）物；男子8. nationality /nnlti/ n.国籍;民族9. nation / nen/ n.国家;民族;国民nation n. 民族，国家，国民national adj.国家的，民族的nationalism n. 民族主义natio

11、nalist n. 民族主义者nationality n. 国籍country n. 疆土，国土state n. 政权，政体，州，状态The whole nation was in deep sorrow at the news.10. designer /dzan(r)/ n.设计师;设计者11. design / dzan /n.设计;方案；图案vt.设计；筹划design n. 设计；图案 ；构思 vt.设计；计划；构思designer n.设计者designed adj. 事先计划好的；故意的by design/on purpose 故意地be designed to do 目的是做b

12、e designed for. 专为.而设计的in design 在设计上The bridge is poor in design.The experiment was designed to test the new car.The building is designed for classrooms.This is designed as a present for my girlfriend.This room was designed for the children.这间房子是专为孩子们设计的。The nursery was designed for the babys use.那

13、托儿所是为婴幼儿设计的。That part of the garden was designed for vegetables.花园的那一部分计划用来种菜。12. campus / kmps / n.校园;校区off the campus在校外on the campus在校园内campus life大学生活13. formal / f:ml / adj.正式的；正规的informal nfm()l adj.非正式的 formally / f:ml / adv.正式地;正规地 14. anxious / ks / adj.焦虑的;不安的；渴望的anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望典例： She

14、 is very anxious about her mothers health. 她很担心母亲的健康状况。 We are anxious for your safe return. 我们盼望你平安归来。 常用短语： be anxious about/for. 为 . 担心 be anxious for sth/to do sth 渴望某事 / 做某事 be anxious for sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事 15. annoyed /nd/ adj.（人感到）恼怒的；生气的16. annoy /n/ vt.使恼怒；打扰【考点】1）区别：annoyed adj. 颇为生气的；恼

15、怒的;烦恼的（形容人）；annoying 令人恼火的（形容物） annoyance n. 烦恼2）常用搭配：be annoyed at/by sth.因为某事而感到困扰get /be annoyed with sb.生某人的气to sbs annoyance 让某人恼火的是【活用】完成句子：1) Stop _ your mother. She is busy.2) He _ _ _ his lost ID card.答案：annoying ；was annoyed at17. frightened /fratnd/ adj.（人）受惊吓的；（人感到）害怕的frighten v.fright n

16、.frightening adj.frightened adv.frighten sb. into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事frighten sb. out of doing sth.frighten sb. to death 使某人吓得半死frighten sb. away 吓走某人be frightened at/of/to do sth./that.with/in frightI was frightened of being left by myself in the house.I am frightened to look out of the plane window

17、.The sudden noise frightened us.The dog frightened the boy away.The boy was frightened he would get lost.They frightened him into telling them the secret.他们恐吓他以使他说出秘密。18. senior/si:ni(r)/adj.（级别、地位等）较高的;年长的n.较年长者seniorhighschool（美国）高中【考点】1) seniorsin(r) adj. 较年老的；高级的；资历较深的 n. 年长者；资格、等级较高者2) be junio

18、r / senior to比年少/长; 比资历低/高【活用】1.He is my junior by four years.= He is _ _ _ by four years.2.词义猜测：1) John Smith Junior is the son of John Smith.2) His elder brother is a junior doctor.3) A junior school is for the younger children.答案：1. junior to me 2. 1）在父子同样称呼时，后面加junior表示“儿子”，译成“小”。2) 资历较浅的3) 初级的1

19、9. at last终于;最后【经典辨析】at last, finally, in the end这三个词都有最后的意思，而且常常可以互换使用。at last意思是最后，往往表示经过一番努力或曲折的过程之后的意思，也有某人一直期待的事情终于发生了之意。常常有较浓厚的感情色彩。如：At last, the owner of the house said they could stay in the barn. 最终房子的主人同意让他们在谷仓留宿。finally是副词，一般指一系列事物或论点的顺序，没有较强的感情色彩。如：Finally she went to see the famous man

20、 and told him everything. 最后她去拜访了那位知名人士并把一切告诉了他。in the end主要用于口语中，其意同finally，表示在(经过)一段时间的思考之后的决定，如：In the end we decided not to buy it. 最后我们打算不买它了。20. outgoing / atg / adj.爱交际的sociable；外向的(反义ingoing)；开朗的(friendly and socially confident)n. outgoings: 日常支出，开销 a persons regular expenditure 。I amoutgoin

21、g, optimistic and always an active participator in life.我是一个开朗乐观的人，总是积极的面对生活。我喜欢孩子，热爱教育。21. impression /mpren/ n.印象；感想make an impression留下好印象22. impress/mpres/vt.使钦佩；给留下深刻的好印象vi.留下印象；引人注目重点用法impress sth. on/upon sb. = impress sb. with/by sth. 使某人铭记某事物 make/give/crate an impression on/upon. 给一个印象get/

22、have a good (bad) impression of sb./sth.对某人/某物的印象好(不好) have/get the impression that 有的印象impression n.c印象；感想 impressive adj.给人印象深刻的 练习 用impress的短语或介词填空。1). Father _ _ me the value of hard work.2). One candidate in particular _ us _ her knowledge.3). You _ an excellent _ _ us.4). When I first met him

23、I _ _ _ _ he was a humorous man.答案：1). impressed; on 2). impressed; with 3). made; impression upon 4). had the impression that 23. what if如果会怎么样呢？what if“如果将会怎样；即使又有什么关系”，为省略结构，相当于What shall we/I do if.? what if 中 what可看做是 what should sb. do (某人该怎么办)或 what does it matter (有什么要紧) 或 what would happen

24、(将会如何)的省略。拓展：(1)What for? “为什么？”相当于 Why?Well hold a party this weekend.我们要在这个周末开一个聚会。What for? 为什么呢？(2)So what? 那有什么了不起/有什么关系？He says he doesnt like you. 他说他不喜欢你。So what? 那有什么关系呢？(3)what about.怎么样；怎么办What about inviting him here? 邀请他来这儿怎么样？(4)guess what 告诉你一个消息/情况Guess what! The boss is getting marr

25、ied.告诉你个消息！老板要结婚了。(5)Whats up? 相当于 Whats the matter?Whats up? She is weeping over there.怎么了？她正在那边儿哭呢。(6)Now what？下一步会怎样？下一步怎么办？应用what if/what about/whats like/so what/whats more(1)_ some settings could endanger children？如果一些装置可能对孩子们构成危险，那该怎么办？(2)I know Sally is your best friend. _？我知道萨莉是你最好的朋友。那又怎么样

26、？(3)_ the new captain _？新来的船长是个怎样的人？(4)_ going to Singapore for our holiday this year？今年我们去新加坡度假怎么样？(5)We invited a new speaker and, _， he is happy to come.我们邀请了一位新的发言人，而且，他很乐意来。答案：What if/ So what/Whats like/What about/ whats more24. guy / ga / n.小伙子；家伙fellow ；男人man;25. concentrate / knsntret / vt.

27、&vi.集中（注意力）；专心于;聚集会神【巧记】con-centr-ate.可联想成:con共同，centr(e)中心，ate吃。口诀：“全神贯注”共同去中心吃。记忆链：concentration n. 集中， 专心with deep concentration专心concentrated adj. 全力以赴的；专心致志的；集中的高考迁移：concentrate on / upon sth. 集中于，专心于concentrate attention/mind/energy/effort on/upon sth. 把注意力/思想/精力/努力集中于If you concentrate your e

28、nergy on the study of English, you will master the language.如果你集中精力学英语你会掌握这门语言的。 着眼写作 丰富表达 focus on sth., be bent on sth, apply oneself to sth.,throw oneself into sth., bury onself in sth.;be involved in sth.,26. experiment /kspermnt/ n.实验；试验【用法提示】1). do / make / perform / conduct /carry out an expe

29、riment 进行实验 / 试验 2). an experiment in 试验 3). experiment on / upon 在上做试验 4). experiment with 用做实验 5). by experiment 通过实验 【及时训练】用适当的介词或副词填空。1). Some environmentalists dont think its right to experiment _ Animals.2). Mr Wei Shusheng constantly experiments _ new teaching methods. 3). Some people learn _

30、 experiment and others learn experience. Key: 1). on 2). with 3). by, by 27. leave.alone不打扰.,不惊动.leave aside不考虑；搁置一边leave out删掉；漏掉；不理会；忽视leave behind遗留；把丢在后面leave.for.离开去leave宾语宾补 使处于They said that they had been left alone for days with no food in the house.他们说他们被单独留在房子里已经好几天了，没有食物。We tried to be fr

31、iendly，but his refusal made us think he wanted to be left alone.我们试图友善，但他的拒绝使我们认为他不想被打扰。夯实基础(1)语法填空They were so careless that they left out an important detail. Leave him alone，and obviously he has already become blind drunk.Leave aside，for a moment，the question of who is right.He was left behind in

32、 physics after he missed three classes.Never leave the machine working(work) all the time.I left the door unlocked(unlock) when I went out.He always leaves his room tidy(tidily)(2)If he is left alone，how is he supposed to live in such a harsh environment like this?Left alone，how is he supposed to li

33、ve in such a harsh environment like this？(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)28. awkward / :kwd / adj.令人尴尬的;难对付的be awkward at/in在方面技巧拙劣的 be awkward with与一起感到不自在的,用笨拙的 It is/was+that/wh-clauseIt is awkward that Brown should be unable to play in our team this week.很糟糕,布朗本星期不能参加我队的比赛。be awkward with 用不灵活anawkward/embarras

34、sing situation令人尴尬的处境29. junior / du:ni(r)/adj.地位（或职位、级别）低下的n.职位较低者;（体育运动中）青少年junior high school（美国）初级中学(反义词 senior）1) be junior to sb 比某人职位低/年龄小She is junior to me2) be two years sbs junior= be two years junior to sb =be sbs junior by two She is three yearsjuniortoyou.=She isjuniortoyou by three ye

35、ars. 她比你小三岁。 He isjuniortome in the firm. 在公司里，他的职位比我低。I am only ajuniorperson(无名小卒).We could give the job to somebodyjunior. She is three yearsjuniorto you.=She is junior to you by three years.她比你小三岁。 He is junior to me in the firm. 在公司里,他的职位比我低。 James Smith, Jun., is playing in the garden.小詹姆斯斯密斯正

36、在花园里玩耍。Tom is myjunior(晚辈). Of the two officers, James is thejunior.下级 Tom is an excellentjunior(三年级学生). 30. explore / kspl:(r)/ vt.& vi.探索；勘探搭配： explore sth for sth 为了某物而勘探 eg: They explored the land to the south of the river for oil. (2)探究，仔细查阅 eg: Ill explore the possibility of getting a job here

37、. exploration n.探险，探索，试探 explorer n. 探险者31. confident /knfdnt/ adj.自信的；有把握的be confidentof/that确信；有把握confident作形容词用，表示“有信心的，有把握的”，后可接of短语或that从句。Hefeelsconfidentofpassingtheexamination=Hefeelsconfidentthathecanpasstheexamination他相信能考试及格。32. confidence /knfdns/ n.信心;信任；自信心confidence是名词，意为“信赖，信任”“信心”，可

38、以说haveloseconfidenceinsb“对某人有(失去)信心”。【必背句型】have confidence in sb./sth. 或that从句.相信.;对有信心.confidence除可接that从句外,还可接动词不定式。例如:I hadnt got enough confidence to go ahead.我没有足够的信心前进了。【归纳拓展】be confident in sth 对有信心be confident about/of (doing) sth 对(做)某事有把握；确信be confident that 确信，肯定，自信confidence n. 信心have co

39、nfidence in对有信心confidently adv. 自信地 （1）I feel confident _ the future of rock music in China. 我对摇滚乐在中国的前景充满信心。（2）We have _ in saying that the new record will be broken soon. 我们有信心说新的纪录将很快会被打破。（3）He sat there smiling, _ winning the game.他微笑着坐在那儿，确信自己会赢得比赛。答案：（1）about/of（2）confidence（3）confident about/

40、of【语境助记】She has confidence in herself, for she believes confidence is the first step on the road to success. As a result, she is always doing everything confidently. 她对自己有信心，因为她深信信心是通往成功的第一步。因此，她总是充满信心地做每一件事情。33. forward / f:wd /adv.（also forwards）向前;前进adj.向前的;前进的look forward to 盼望；期待特征forward的意思是“向

41、前”，其反义词为backward（向后）。- He was asked to take two steps forward.他被要求向前走两步。- The meeting was moved forward from the 11th to the 8th.会议日期从11日提前到8日。备考必背 重要词组look forward to 盼望，期待（to为介词，后面要接动名词）- I look forward to hearing from you soon.我期待很快收到你的来信。backward(s) and forward(s) 来回地 put forward 提出- He put forw

42、ard a new proposal at the meeting.他在会议上提出一项新建议。34. take notes记笔记take notes of表示“记录”,take note of表示“注意”。35. flash/fl/n.闪光;信号vi.闪耀；闪光；发出信号vt.使闪耀；使闪光；发出（信号）flash card教学卡片；识字卡【必背典例】 1). Why is the driver flashing his lights at the car in front of his? 那司机为什么朝他前面的那辆车闪光？ 2). Mary liked flashing her diamon

43、d necklace. 玛丽喜欢炫耀她的钻石项链。 3). A car flashed by a moment ago. 一会儿之前一辆小车疾驰而过。 4). The child was frightened by the flash of lightning. 这孩子被闪电吓着了。 【高考考点】 1). flash + 名词 闪灯（发出信号）；迅速发出（新闻、消息） 2). flash into / across / through (想法)掠过 / 闪现 3). lightning flash 闪电 4). a flash of lightning一道闪电5). in a flash -v

44、ery quickly; immediately迅速，飞快，转眼间；立刻，马上 6). flash back 回想，回溯 7). news flash新闻快报【及时训练】 用flash 及其短语填空。 1. I _ on something, but I cant think what it is, something empty, something white. 2. His words were cut short by a blinding _ in his head. 3. The stars _ in the night sky. 4. Well be back _ . Key:

45、1. flash 2. flash 3. flash 4. in a flash she was out of the back door in a flash. 眨眼间她已出了后门。36. organise NAmE- ize/:(r)gnaz/vt.组织；筹备；安排；组建vi.组建；成立37. organisation NAmE- ization /:gnazen/ n.组织;团体;机构organ n. 器官，机关，组织，风琴，organic adj. 有机的，生物的；有机体的；器官的，脏器的organism n.有机体，生物digestive organs 消化器官Parliament

46、is the main organ of government 国会是政府的主要机构。Organic farming38. goal / gl / n.目标;球门; 射门score a goal 射门得分set a goal 设定目标achieve/reach a goal 达到目标 39. strategy /strtdi/ n.策略；策划astrategyfor “的方法/策略” strategicstrtidkadj.战略(上)的;有战略意义的; 至关重要的very important 40. partner / p:tn(r)/ n.同伴;配偶；合伙人as a partner作为伙伴h

47、ave sb for a partner有某人作为伙伴41. curious /kjris/ adj.好奇的;求知欲强的 重点用法 curiosity n. 好奇心 curiously adv. 好奇地out of curiosity 出于好奇with curiosity = curiously好奇地 be curious about sth. 对某事好奇 be curious to do sth. 好奇地做某事练习 用curiousity的短语或其适当形式填空。1). Margaret looked at him _ _. 2). She decided to try a cigarette

48、 _ _ _.3). All the employees in this firm _ _ _ the personal life of the general manager.4). _ enough, he had never seen the little girl.3). _ drove Mary to open her husband s letter though she knew it was wrong.Keys: 1). with curiosity 2). out of curiosity 3). are curious about 4). Curiously 5). Cu

49、riosity 42. company / kmpni/ n.公司；商行;陪伴【经典口语】I enjoy your company.我喜欢有你做伴。May fair winds company your safe return! 愿和风伴你平安归来。Please keep me company for a while.能陪陪我吗? 注：keep me company：和我在一起、交往、亲近【经典谚语】Twos company, threes none. 两人成伴，三人不欢。Good company on the road is the shortest cut.（行路有良伴就是捷径。）Keep good men company and you shall be of the number.近朱者赤，近墨者黑。A man is known by the company he keeps.与其交友知其为人。【经典短语搭配】have company有人做伴；有客人receive a great deal of comp