毕业论文-基于AT89C51单片机的LED简易彩灯控制系统设计

1、海口经济学院信息工程学院海口经济学院信息工程学院通信工程专业毕业设计课题题目：基于at89c51单片机的led简易彩灯控制系统设计 姓 名： 学 号： 年级专业： 2014级信息通信 学 期： 第七学期 指导教师： 职 称： 开题时间： 2015年1月25日 一、方案论证1（一）方案比较1（二）总体设计方案2二、硬件电路设计2（一）单机片最小系统2（二）按键控制电路3（三）中断电路3（四） led显示电路4（五）总体电路5（六）单机片的介绍6三、软件设计8（一）软件设计思路8（二）软件设计流程9（三）软件程序9四、结论16参考文献：16摘 要本文介绍了一种由16个led发光二极管组成多功能发光

2、形式的简易彩灯控制系统的软硬件设计过程，方案以at89c51单片机作为主控核心， 且以复位电路、时钟电路、按键电路、中断电路以及彩灯显示电路组成，利用软件编程烧录程序到单片机来实现对led彩灯进行多样控制。该控制电路能完成多种闪灯模式以及随意变换想要的闪烁方式和控制彩灯的闪烁频率等功能。该系统具有电路结构简单、易操作、硬件少、体积少、成本低、能耗低等优点，有一定的实用价值。关键词：8051单片机；led彩灯；控制系统；闪烁方式一、方案论证（一）方案比较方案一：可用555产生脉冲加到计数器来完成，试验原理框图如下：计数器555多谐振荡器led灯显示方案二：也可用两非门与电阻与电容构成多谐振荡器加

3、到计数器来完成。框图如下：振荡脉冲计数器led灯方案三：通过单片机控制二极管的闪烁，通过中断来改变模式同时串行输出数码管。p0，p1口接16个二极管，p3口接扩展板的数码显示接口。 该方案简单，易于设计和控制，所以选择法案三。（二）总体设计方案设计思路: 本方案这要是通过对基于单片机的多控制、多闪烁方式的led彩灯循环系统的设计，来达到本设计的要求。本课题设计的总体框图如下图1-2所示图1-2 系统总体设计框图系统设计如下：此设计方案中单片机的p1口接4路按键控制电路，实现彩灯闪烁方式的切换功能；单片机的p3.3引脚接上一个按键开关以实现对彩灯中断的控制；单片机上的p0和p2口接16路led发

4、光二极管组成彩灯显示电路，实现多种形式的闪烁功能。二、硬件电路设计（一）单机片最小系统要使单片机工作起来，最基本的电路构成由单片机、时钟电路、复位电路等组成。单片机最小系统由复位电路和时钟信号电路组成（如图2-1）。复位电路：确定单片机工作的起始状态，完成单片机的启动过程。单片机系统的复位方式有上电自动复位和手动按键复位。本设计采用上电自动复位。单片机最小系统还有一块模块叫时钟电路。时钟电路由一个晶振和两个小电容组成，用来产生时钟频率。at89c51单片机芯片内部有一个反向放大器构成的振荡器，xtal1和xtal2分别为振荡器电路的输入端和输出端，时钟可由内部和外部生成，在xtal1和xtal

5、2引脚上外接定时元件，内部振荡电路就会产生自激振荡。系统采用的定时元件为石英晶体和电容组成的并联谐振回路。晶振频率选择12mhz，电容值取30pf,电容的大小频率起微调的作用。复位电路时钟电路图2-1 单片机最小系统图（二）按键控制电路按键控制电路（如图2-2）是由4个按键开关构成的。他们分别接在单片机at89c51的p1.0p1.3引脚上，为了一对一方式控制16个led彩灯的不同闪烁形式。当按下开关key1时，16个led发光二极管闪烁第一种彩灯方式；当按下开关key2时，16个led发光二极管闪烁第二种彩灯方式；同理，当按下开关key3时，16个led发光二极管闪烁第三种彩灯方式；当按下开

6、关key4时，16个led发光二极管闪烁第四种彩灯方式。key3key2key4key1图2-2 按键控制电路图（三）中断电路单片机的p3.3引脚街上一个按键开关以实现对彩灯中断的控制（如图2-3）。当彩灯系统正在实现无论哪一种控制方式时，按下中断开关使过程终止，16个led发光二极管同时会处于熄灭状态，停止当前工作；当再次按一下中断开关时，彩灯系统会继续进行工作，闪光方式会与中断之前的方式一样。如图2-3 中断控制电路图（四） led显示电路流水灯采用的是发光二极管（light-emitting diode），简称led，是一种将电能转换为光能的半导体器件，具有体积小、耗电低的优点，常被用作

7、微型计算机与数字电路的输出装置。当led两端加上一定的正向电压，使之流过一定的工作电流就会发光，其亮度随流过的电流增加而增加，但电流过大led的寿命也将缩短。普通led正向电流一般为520ma。由于51 的i/o 是弱上拉的方式，在输出高电平时，只能输出几十微安的电流，而在输出低电平时，i/o最大可以输入几十毫安的电流。所以，通常采用灌电流的方式，即电流从电源经led流向i/o口。为了不让流过led的电流太大而把它烧坏，还得串上限流电阻r，当p0和p2口输出高电平（+5v）时，led两端没有电压降，所以熄灭；当p0和p2口输出低电平（即p0/p2=0）时, led正向导通发光。此时led两端电

8、压vd约为1.7v，则限流电阻r两端将存在3.3v（即5-1.7=3.3v）。查阅at89c51技术手册后发现，单个i/o口的输入电流不能超过10ma；p0口的输入电流总和不能超过26ma；p1、p2、p3的输入电流总和不能超过15ma；所有i/o口的输入电流总和不能超过71ma。（如图2-4）图2-4 led显示电路图（五）总体电路（六）单机片的介绍at89c51管脚图如下图2-5所示图2-5 at89c51引脚排列vcc：供电电压+5v。gnd：接地。p0口：p0口为一个8位漏级开路双向i/o口，每脚可吸收8ttl门电流。当p1口的管脚第一次写1时，被定义为高阻输入。p0能够用于外部程序数

9、据存储器，它可以被定义为数据/地址的第八位。在fiash编程时，p0口作为原码输入口，当fiash进行校验时，p0输出原码，此时p0外部必须被拉高。本系统中p0口接led数码管的段选段。 p1口：p1口是一个内部提供上拉电阻的8位双向i/o口，p1口缓冲器能接收输出4ttl门电流。p1口管脚写入1后，被内部上拉为高，可用作输入，p1口被外部下拉为低电平时，将输出电流，这是由于内部上拉的缘故。在flash编程和校验时，p1口作为第八位地址接收7。p2口：p2口为一个内部上拉电阻的8位双向i/o口，p2口缓冲器可接收，输出4个ttl门电流，当p2口被写“1”时，其管脚被内部上拉电阻拉高，且作为输入

10、。并因此作为输入时，p2口的管脚被外部拉低，将输出电流。这是由于内部上拉的缘故。p2口当用于外部程序存储器或16位地址外部数据存储器进行存取时，p2口输出地址的高八位。在给出地址“1”时，它利用内部上拉优势，当对外部八位地址数据存储器进行读写时，p2口输出其特殊功能寄存器的内容。p2口在flash编程和校验时接收高八位地址信号和控制信号。本系统中语音芯片isd1420的地址端接p2口。p3口：p3口是8个带内部上拉电阻的双向i/o口，可接收输出4个ttl门电流。当p3口写入“1”后，它们被内部上拉为高电平，并用作输入。作为输入，由于外部下拉为低电平，p3口将输出电流，这是由于上拉的缘故。p3口

11、也可作为at89c51的一些特殊功能口，如表2.5所示。p3口同时为闪烁编程和编程校验接收一些控制信号。表2.5p3口的第二功能口管脚备选功能信号名称p3.0rxd串行输入口p3.1txd串行输出口p3.2/int0外部中断0p3.3/int1外部中断1p3.4t0记时器0外部输入p3.5t1记时器1外部输入p3.6/wr外部数据存储器写选通p3.7/rd外部数据存储器读选通rst：复位输入。当振荡器复位器件时，要保持rst脚两个机器周期的高电平时间。ale/prog：当访问外部存储器时，地址锁存允许的输出电平用于锁存地址的地位字节。在平时，ale端以不变的频率周期输出正脉冲信号，此频率为振荡

12、器频率的1/6。因此它可用作对外部输出的脉冲或用于定时目的。然而要注意的是：每当用作外部数据存储器时，将跳过一个ale脉冲。如想禁止ale的输出可在sfr8eh地址上置0。此时， ale只有在执行movx，movc指令是ale才起作用。另外，该引脚被略微拉高。如果微处理器在外部执行状态ale禁止，置位无效。psen：外部程序存储器的选通信号。在由外部程序存储器取指期间，每个机器周期两次/psen有效。在访问外部数据存储器时，这两次有效的psen信号将不出现。ea/vpp：当/ea保持低电平时，则在此期间外部程序存储器（0000h-ffffh），不管是否有内部程序存储器。注意加密方式1时，ea将

13、内部锁定为reset；当ea端保持高电平时，此间内部程序存储器。在本设计中，对rom的读操作只在内部程序存储器中，所以ea置应高电平。xtal1：反向振荡放大器的输入及内部时钟工作电路的输入。xtal2：来自反向振荡器的输出8。三、软件设计（一）软件设计思路单片机的应用系统由硬件和软件组成，上述硬件各电路搭建完成后，我们还不能看到多控制、多闪烁方式的led灯系统循环点亮的现象，我们还需要告诉单片机怎么样进行控制，即编写程序控制单片机管脚电平的高低变化，来实现发光二极管的闪烁。软件编程是多控制、多闪烁方式的led灯系统中的一个重要的组成部分，是本设计的重点和难点。所以我来阐述多控制、多闪烁方式的

14、led灯系统是如何实现16个led灯的循环点亮，来介绍实现流水灯控制的软件编程方法。本设计是以单片机at89c51为核心控制16个发光二极管4种闪烁方式的变换。硬件电路如图附录a所示，16个发光二极管分别接在单片机的p0和p2接口上。例如，当给p0.0口输出“0”时，发光二极管点亮，当输出“1”时，发光二极管熄灭。同理，接在p0和p2口的其他15个led的点亮和熄灭的方法同p0.0引脚上的灯管。因此，要实现流水灯功能，我们只要将发光二极管按照不同方式依次点亮、熄灭，16只led灯便会一亮一暗的成流水灯了。程序设计流程如图3-2。（二）软件设计流程图3-2 程序设计流程图（三）软件程序#incl

15、ude#define uint unsigned int#define uchar unsigned charconst tab1=0xfe,0xfd,0xfb,0xf7,0xef,0xdf,0xbf,0x7f;const tab2=0xff,0xfe,0xfc,0xf8,0xf0,0xe0,0xc0,0x80,0x00;const tab3=0xff,0x7f,0x3f,0x1f,0x0f,0x07,0x03,0x01,0x00;const tab4=0xff,0xfe,0xfa,0xea,0xaa,0x2a,0x0a,0x02,0x00; /1,3,5,7const tab5=0xff,0

16、x7f,0x5f,0x57,0x55,0x54,0x50,0x40,0x00; /2,4,6,8uchar key=0;uchar state=0;uchar statetemp=0;uchar flag=0;void delay(uint n)/延时uint i;for(i=0;in;i+);void fun1(void)p0=0x00;p2=0x00;delay(30000);p0=0xff;p2=0xff;delay(30000); void fun2(void)uchar i;for(i=0;i8;i+)/向上逐次单个点亮p2=tab17-i;delay(10000);if(state

17、!=2)p0=0xff;p2=0xff;return;p2=0xff;for(i=0;i8;i+)p0=tab17-i;delay(10000);if(state!=2)p0=0xff;p2=0xff;return;p0=0xff;for(i=0;i8;i+) /向下逐次单个点亮p0=tab1i;delay(10000);if(state!=2)p0=0xff;p2=0xff;return;p0=0xff;for(i=0;i8;i+)p2=tab1i;delay(10000);if(state!=2)p0=0xff;p2=0xff;return;p2=0xff;void fun3(void)u

18、char i;for(i=0;i9;i+)p0=tab4i;p2=tab5i;delay(25000);if(state!=3)p0=0xff;p2=0xff;return;for(i=0;i3;i+)p0=0xaa;p2=0xaa;delay(20000);p0=0x55;p2=0x55;delay(20000);if(state!=3)p0=0xff;p2=0xff;return;for(i=0;i9;i+)p0=tab48-i;p2=tab58-i;delay(25000);if(state!=3)p0=0xff;p2=0xff;return; void fun4(void)uchar

19、i;for(i=0;i9;i+) /向上逐个点亮p2=tab3i;delay(10000);if(state!=4)p0=0xff;p2=0xff;return;for(i=0;i9;i+)p0=tab3i;delay(10000);if(state!=4)p0=0xff;p2=0xff;return;for(i=0;i9;i+)/向下逐个熄灭p0=tab38-i;delay(10000);if(state!=4)p0=0xff;p2=0xff;return;p0=0xff;for(i=0;i9;i+)p2=tab38-i;delay(10000);if(state!=4)p0=0xff;p2

20、=0xff;return;p2=0xff;for(i=0;i9;i+) /向下逐个点亮p0=tab2i;delay(10000);if(state!=4)p0=0xff;p2=0xff;return;for(i=0;i9;i+)p2=tab2i;delay(10000);if(state!=4)p0=0xff;p2=0xff;return;for(i=0;i9;i+) /向上逐个熄灭p2=tab28-i;delay(10000);if(state!=4)p0=0xff;p2=0xff;return;p2=0xff;for(i=0;i9;i+)p0=tab28-i;delay(10000);if

21、(state!=4)p0=0xff;p2=0xff;return;p0=0xff; void timer0(void)interrupt 1 using 1tl0= 0x00;/重置初值th0 = 0xbe;tl0 = 0xe5;key=p1;switch(key)case 0xfe:state=1;statetemp=1;break;case 0xfd:state=2;statetemp=2;break;case 0xfb:state=3;statetemp=3;break;case 0xf7:state=4;statetemp=4;break;default:break;void _int

22、()interrupt 2 using 2 if(flag=0) state=5; flag|=1; else state=statetemp; flag&=0; void main() it1=1;ie|=0x86;tmod= 0x21;th0 = 0xbe;tl0 = 0xe5;es = 0;/禁止串口中断tr0 = 1;/开启定时器0，开始定时while(1)switch(state)case 1:fun1();break;case 2:fun2();break;case 3:fun3();break;case 4:fun4();break;case 5:p0=0xff;p2=0xff;

23、break;default:break;四、结论该设计是以at-89c51单片机为主控芯片,与发光二极管、晶振电路、复位电路和电源电路组成，通过程序控制彩灯流水花样。本文所给程序实现的功能比较简单，旨在抛砖引玉，可以在此基础上扩展成更复杂的彩灯控制，比如键盘控制流水花样、控制流水灯显示数字或图案等等。通过花样彩灯的制作，给我最大的体会是对一个程序整体的把握和控制，只有将子程序有效的结合起来，才能完成设计的目的。另外，在程序的调试过程中，我也遇到了很多意想不到的困难，在老师的帮助和自己的不懈努力下，我对伟福这款仿真软件有了更深的认识，将困难一一克服，使程序编译成功，仿真实现。参考文献：1王幸之

24、钟爱琴. at89系列单片机原理与接口技术m.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2004.2谭浩强.c程序设计（第二版）m.北京：清华大学出版社，1999.3赵亮.单片机c语音编程与实例m.北京：人民邮出版社，2004.4房小翠、王金凤.单片机实用系统设计技术m.北京：国防工业出版社，1999.5康华光.电子技术基础数字部分（第四版）m.北京：高等教育出版社，1998.6张毅刚.单片机原理及应用m.北京：高等教育出版社，2003.7李广第，朱月秀，王秀山.单片机基础m.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2001.8杨振江.a/d、d/a转换器接口技术与实用电路m.西安：西安电子科技大学出版为你提供优秀

25、的毕业论文参考资料，请您删除以下内容，o(_)o谢谢！a large group of tea merchants on camels and horses from northwest chinas shaanxi province pass through a stop on the ancient silk road, gansus zhangye city during their journey to kazakhstan, may 5, 2015. the caravan, consisting of more than 100 camels, three horse-drawn

26、carriages and four support vehicles, started the trip from jingyang county in shaanxi on sept 19, 2014. it will pass through gansu province and xinjiang uygur autonomous region, and finally arrive in almaty, formerly known as alma-ata, the largest city in kazakhstan, and dungan in zhambyl province.

27、the trip will cover about 15,000 kilometers and take the caravan more than one year to complete. the caravan is expected to return to jingyang in march 2016. then they will come back, carrying specialty products from kazakhstan a small art troupe founded six decades ago has grown into a household na

28、me in the inner mongolia autonomous region. in the 1950s, ulan muqir art troupe was created by nine young musicians, who toured remote villages on horses and performed traditional mongolian music and dances for nomadic families. the 54-year-old was born in tongliao, in eastern inner mongolia and joi

29、ned the troupe in 1975.he says there are 74 branch troupes across inner mongolia and actors give around 100 shows every year to local nomadic people. i can still recall the days when i toured with the troupe in the early 80s. we sat on the back of pickup trucks for hours. the sky was blue, and we co

30、uldnt help but sing the folk songs, nasun says. the vastness of inner mongolia and the lack of entertainment options for people living there, made their lives lonely. the nomadic people were very excited about our visits, nasun recalls. we didnt have a formal stage. the audience just sat on the gras

31、s. usually, the performances became a big party with local people joining in. for him, the rewarding part about touring isnt just about sharing art with nomadic families but also about gaining inspiration for the music and dance. ulan muqir literally translates as red burgeon, and todays performers

32、of the troupe still tour the regions villages and entertain nomadic families, but their fame has spread around the world. on may 16 and 17, nearly 100 singers and dancers from the troupe performed at beijings poly theater. their show, titled ulan muqir on the grassland, depicted the history and deve

33、lopment of the art troupe. being from the region allowed me to embrace the culture of inner mongolia and being a member of the troupe showed me where i belonged, nasun, the art troupes president, who is also a renowned tenor, tells china daily. during a tour in 1985, he went to a village and met an

34、elderly local man, who told him a story about his friendship with a solider from shenyang, capital of northeast chinas liaoning province, decades ago. the solider gave the old man a handmade saddle when they bid farewell. the story inspired nasun to write carved saddle, a song that later became one

35、of his most popular numbers. now, every year, nasun recruits young singers and dancers for the troupe. the troupe has also designed a new repertoire, which is mostly based on the daily lives of mongolian people, especially the lives of nomadic families, and has combined contemporary musical elements

36、 with folk songs of the region. haimu, a 25-year-old khoomei (a local variant of overtone singing) singer, joined the troupe three years ago. along with a six-member band, he performs fast songs and soft ones that he writesall while playing the horse-head fiddle.although i learned the piano since ch

37、ildhood and grew up listening to various kinds of music, to me, the folk music of inner mongolia is the root, he says. performing in remote villages is pleasant. i feel at home on the boundless grasslands, and the warm people there make me feel fulfilled. the first round of spring auction season in

38、beijing ended last week, but it failed to create much spring in the art market. although two pieces of chinese painting fetched more than 100 million yuan, the decline in trading volume and sale rate showed a downturn this year. in the “grand view: chinese painting highlight” session at china guardi

39、an 2015 spring auctions, pan tianshous representative work eagle, rock and flora hit a record auction price of 279 million yuan, while li kerans masterwork jinggang mountain fetched 126.5 million yuan, an unexpected high in recent years. however, the trading volume fells to 1.87 billion yuan from 2.

40、22 billion yuan in the same period the year before. the huangchen 2015 spring auctions, which recorded 42.5 million yuan in total sales, experienced the same. the section number went down to 5 from 12 compared to last year. according to expert shao jianwu, the art market did not attract much excitem

41、ent this year due to the booming stock market and the persistent problems of forgery and fake deals. the two pieces of chinese painting notched up high price this spring due to their own value not due to a revival in the market. the successful transaction of two works with a hammer price of more tha

42、n 100 million yuan once again confirms that valuable and rare works of high quality always earn the long-lasting high price. chinese painting and calligraphy is still the pillar of the market. however, the overall sales rate has dropped slightly, which reflects the demand for the ordinary auction go

43、ods has weakened,” said the president of china guardians hu yanyan. besides, the entry of new buyers also makes certain changes to the direction of purchasing. in a word, the overall market trend is very unpredictable. although china guardian 2015 spring auctions has achieved remarkable results, it

44、does not mean that the market has walked out of the predicament. we still have to wait for the big economic boom to invigorate the art market.” even so, the hot pursuit of some special items appeared this spring. a special session of china guardian spring auctions titled “fine giltbronze buddhist im

45、ages” achieved a great deal with total sales volume of 41.89 million yuan and 92 percent sale rate. the 5th shamar rinpoche statue from 16-17th century of tibet was sold for 5.06 million yuan. the beijing chengxuan auctions featured almost 2,800 items of coins and stamps in three sessions with good

46、sale rate. the huachen auctions also set a special session of photographs under the condition of large-scale decline of auction sessions. there was a palpable dull thud of disappointment that accompanied the return of the imperial entourage of zhen huan to her homeland. it followed a couple years of

47、 hushed excitement as chinese fans were fed tidbits about their proud concubine who was supposed to conquer the high ground of the north american market. zhen huan is, of course, the title character of the legend of zhen huan, a 2011 television series that swept china off its feet and later took oth

48、er asian countries by storm. two years ago, it was reported that hbo, a premium cable service headquartered in the united states, was going to air it in north america after some modification. now, a condensed version that provides english subtitles but no dubbing has finally been made available on n

49、etflix for online streaming. this version, highly anticipated as a milestone in chinas cultural foray overseas, has been widely panned by its home audience. retitled empresses in the palace, the american version has been shortened from its original 76 episodes at 45 minutes each, to six 90-minute ep

50、isodes. the quick pacing threw off many native viewers, who are accustomed to a more leisurely daytime-soap-style narrative rhythm. (chinese tv stations would run two or three episodes every day.) i did not finish the full-length version and found the truncated one not difficult to follow. whats los

51、t, i believe, are the interesting setups and pauses that illuminate the chinese art of storytelling. much of the plot is still there. it is the flavor that was sacrificed. the american edition uses the framework of the empress dowager in her senior years reminiscing at the beginning and the end of e

52、ach episode, hinting at whats to come and recapping the key points. this device, not used in the original, is culturally understandable but artistically mediocre. what puzzles me is the two new songs for the opening and end credits. they were written in english, but sung by chinese with an uncomfort

53、able accent. they were obviously designed to appeal to an english-speaking base, but do not jibe with the chinese dialogue. speaking of the dialogue, the english translation, picked apart by some chinese, is too literal for my taste. i can imagine a typical american hit by a flurry of royal ranks, addresses and greetings, even multiple names and titles for the same person. the first half hour must be a swamp to wade through, very much like my experience of getting through a tolstoy tome with its endless inflections of names transliterated into lengthy chinese. i see the choice of verba