托福阅读长难句分析整合

1、托福阅读长难句分析整合 托福阅读长难句1these include conducting vessels that transport water and minerals upward from the roots and that move the photosynthetic products from the leaves to the rest of the plant body and the stiffening substance lignin, which support the plant body, helping it expose maximum surface ar

2、ea to sunlight. (tpo25, 47)vessel /ves(?)l/ n. 船(尤指大船)，舰;容器, 器皿;管状结构，血管，导管photosynthetic /?f?ut?sinetik/ adj. 光合作用的stiffen /st?fn/vt. (使某物)变得(更加)坚硬僵硬lignin /l?gn?n/n. 化学木质素大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解these include conducting vessels (that transport water and minerals upward from the roots) and (that move the

3、 photosynthetic products from the leaves to the rest of the plant body) and the stiffening substance lignin, (which support the plant body), (helping it expose maximum surface area to sunlight.) (tpo25, 47)修饰一：(that transport water and minerals upward from the roots) ，从句，修饰conducting vessels中文：从根部向上

4、运输水与矿物质修饰二：(that move the photosynthetic products from the leaves to the rest of the plant body) ，从句，修饰conducting vessels，注意其中有个from to的介词短语，从叶子到植物体的其余部分中文：从叶子向植物体内其余各部分运输光合作用产物修饰三：(which support the plant body) ，从句，修饰substance lignin中文：维持植物体的生命修饰四：(helping it expose maximum surface area to sunlight

5、.) ，非谓语动词中文：有助于植物体大部分表面暴露于阳光之下托福阅读长难句100句参考翻译：这些包括导管(用来从根部向上运输水与矿物质以及从叶子向植物体其余各部分运输光合作用产物)和坚硬的物质木质素(用来维持植物体的生命，有助于植物体大部分表面暴露于阳光之下)。这个句子的主要修饰成分就是非谓语动词、从句，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。托福阅读长难句2they include roots or rootlike structures, a waxy cuticle that covers the surfaces of leaves and stems a

6、nd limits the evaporation of water, and pores called stomata in leaves and stems that allow gas exchange but close when water is scarce, thus reducing water loss. (tpo25, 46)waxy /w?ks?/ adj. 蜡状的cuticle /kj?t?kl/ n. 植物角皮，角质层;表皮，外皮scarce /ske?s/ adj. 不足的，稀有的大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解they include roots or ro

7、otlike structures, (a waxy cuticle)(that covers the surfaces of leaves and stems and limits the evaporation of water), and pores (called stomata)(in leaves and stems)(that allow gas exchange but close when water is scarce, thus reducing water loss). (tpo25,46)托福阅读长难句100句分析：这个句子的主干就是：they include roo

8、ts or rootlike structures and pores修饰一：(a waxy cuticle) ，同位语中文：一种蜡状角质层修饰二：(that covers the surfaces of leaves and stems and limits the evaporation of water) ，从句，修饰a waxy cuticle中文：覆盖在叶子和茎表面并且限制水分蒸发修饰三：(called stomata) ，修饰pores中文：称之为气孔修饰四：(in leaves and stems) ，介词短语中文：在叶子和茎上修饰五：(that allow gas exchan

9、ge but close when water is scarce, thus reducing water loss) ，从句，修饰pores，但是注意这个从句里还有三个修饰成分，疯了!从句：but close从句：when water is scarce非谓语动词： thus reducingwater loss中文：保证气体交换但当水分不足时则会关闭，从而减少水分流失托福阅读长难句100句参考翻译：他们包括根部或类似根部的结构(一种覆盖在叶子和茎表面并限制水分蒸发的蜡状角质层)以及在叶子和茎上的称之为气孔的毛孔(这些毛孔保证气体交换但当水分不足时则会关闭，从而减少水分流失)。这个句子的主

10、要修饰成分就是非谓语动词、从句、介词短语以及同位语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。托福阅读长难句3they possess drought-resisting adaptations: loss of water through the leaves is reduced by means of dense hairs covering waxy leaf surfaces, by the closure of pores during the hottest times to reduce water loss, and by the rolling

11、up or shedding of leaves at the beginning of the dry season. (tpo26, 50)waxy /w?ks?/ adj. 蜡色的，蜡状的pore /p?/ n. 气孔，毛孔shed /?ed/ vt. 使(某物)脱落 剥落;使(某物)流出大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解they possess drought-resisting adaptations: loss of water (through the leaves) is reduced (by means of dense hairs)(covering waxy lea

12、f surfaces), (by the closure of pores)(duringthe hottest times) (to reduce water loss), and (by the rolling up or shedding of leaves) (at the beginning of the dry season). (tpo26, 50)托福阅读长难句100句分析：这个句子的主干部分就是：they possess drought-resisting adaptations: loss of wateris reduced注意后面并列了3个介词结构：by means o

13、f, by the closure of ., and bythe rolling up修饰一：(through the leaves)，介词，修饰loss of water中文：经过叶子修饰二：(by means of dense hairs)，介词中文：通过的浓密的绒毛修饰三：(covering waxy leaf surfaces)，非谓语动词，修饰haris中文：覆盖在蜡质叶子表面修饰四：(by the closure of pores)，介词短语中文：关闭气孔修饰五：(during the hottest times)，介词短语中文：在最热的时间修饰六：(to reduce wate

14、r loss)，非谓语动词中文：减低水分散失修饰七：(by the rolling up or shedding of leaves)，介词短语中文：通过卷起或脱落叶子修饰八：(at the beginning of the dry season)，介词短语中文：在干旱季初期托福阅读长难句100句参考翻译：他们拥有抵抗干旱的适应性：覆盖在蜡质叶子表面的浓密的绒毛、在温度最高时关闭气孔以减少水分流失以及在干旱季初期通过卷起或脱落叶子，都可以减少经过叶片的水分的流失。这个句子的主要修饰成分就是非谓语动词、介词短语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。托福阅读长难句

15、4whatever the source of the original tamed herds might have been, it seems entirely likely that much the same process of juxtaposition (living side by side) and control occurred in both southwest asia and northern africa, and even ineurope, among peoples who had an intimate knowledge of the behavior

16、 of wild cattle. (tpo28, 53)tame /te?m/ v. 使(某 物)驯服或顺从intimate /?nt?m?t/ adj. 亲密的，亲切的;私人的，个人的;精通的，详尽的(whatever the source of the original tamed herds might have been), it seems entirely likely (that much the same process of juxtaposition(living side by side) and control occurred) (in both southwest

17、asia and northernafrica, and even in europe), (among peoples) (who had an intimate knowledge of the behavior of wild cattle).(tpo28, 53)托福阅读长难句100句分析：这个句子的主干就是：it seems entirely likely，it指代后面的从句that修饰一： (whatever the source of the original tamed herds might have been) ，从句中文：无论最初驯化的兽群起源于何处修饰二：(that m

18、uch the same process of juxtaposition (living side byside) and control occurred) ，从句中文：和兽群毗邻而居并且控制它们的过程发生了修饰三： (in both southwest asia and northern africa, and even in europe) ，介词短语中文：在南亚、北非甚至在欧洲修饰四：(among peoples) ，介词短语中文：在人民中修饰五：(who had an intimate knowledge ofthe behavior of wild cattle).，从句中文：对

19、野生牛群行为了如指掌托福阅读长难句100句参考翻译：无论最初驯化的兽群起源于何处，在南亚、北非甚至在欧洲，那些对野生牛群行为了如指掌的人民当中，和兽群毗邻而居并且控制它们这样的过程极有可能发生了。这个句子的主要修饰成分就是介词短语、从句，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。托福阅读长难句5the importance of olfactory communication (using odors to communicate) in the way of life of deer was documented by a study of captive adu

20、lt male deer a few decades ago, which noted that males rubbed their foreheads on branches and twigs, especially as autumn approached. (tpo28, 45)olfactory /?lf?kt(?)r?/ adj. 嗅觉的document /d?kj?m(?)nt/ vt. 用文件证实或证明(某事)captive /k?pt?v/ adj. 被捕获的，被俘虏的twig /tw?g/ n. 嫩枝approach /?pr?t?/ vt. 接近, 靠近大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解the importance (of olfactory communication) (using odors to communicate) (in the way of life of deer) was documented (by a study of captive adult male deer a few decades ago), (which noted)(that male