大学英语三册unit8

1、supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading quiz for unit 3 unprotected (v ) (4) remove sth to a place where it is usually stored (p ) (5) following one after the other (s ) loutsmart oneself; barrier; vulnerable; put away; successive supplementar

2、y readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading quiz for unit 3 average (m ) get to sth./doing sth; reverse; assemble; turn over; medium supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading unit 8 cloning supplementary

3、readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading word web what words or expressions will occur to you whenever we mention “cloning”? identical unethical embryo embryonic replicate horrifying reproductive therapeutic scientist stem cell dolly, the sheep human cloning

4、 risk gene disputable cure disease organ scientific advance sci-fi film organ supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading warm-up questions 1. what is cloning? are there different types of cloning? 2. how can cloning technologies be used? 3. what

5、animals have been cloned so far, and for what purpose? 4. can organs be cloned for use in transplants? if so, give examples. 5. what are the risks of cloning? 6. should humans be cloned? supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading cloning describe

6、s the processes used to create an exact genetic replica of another cell, tissue or organism. the copied material, which has the same genetic makeup as the original, is referred to as a clone. the most famous clone was a scottish sheep named dolly. cloning gene cloning reproductive cloning therapeuti

7、c cloning types of cloningcreation it creates copies of genes or segments of dna. it creates copies of whole animals. it creates embryonic stem cells. supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading 1. the concept of “cloning” was originally a science

8、 fiction idea. f cloning was not originally a sci-fi idea although sci-fi writers have enjoyed playing about with the concept. clones have always occurred in nature. ( ) test your knowledge on cloning 2. “clone” comes from the ancient greek word meaning “trouble”.f the word “clone” comes from the an

9、cient greek word meaning “twig” i.e., a division from the main branch. ( ) supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading 3. one cell could theoretically launch a thousand clones. t it takes a whole cell to start a clone but of course therere million

10、s of genetically identical cells in an animal organ. ( ) 4. dolly, the sheep was grown in a test-tube. f although the cloning process takes place in lab conditions, the embryo has to be transferred into a surrogate mother to develop into a whole animal. ( ) supplementary readingafter readingdetailed

11、 readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading 5. cloned animals have the same personality as their “parent”. f cloned animals may or may not have the same personality as their parent personality is partly determined by the environment. ( ) supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingg

12、lobal reading detailed reading before reading 6. if you cloned yourself the clone would be the same age as you are. f if you cloned yourself, the clone would begin like any other baby as a single-celled organism and take nine months before it was born. ( ) supplementary readingafter readingdetailed

13、readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading background info of text a lhwang woo-suk lstemagen ldolly supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading hwang woo-suk a south korean veterinarian(兽医) researcher a professor of theriogenology(兽医产科

14、学) and biotechnology(生物技术学) at seoul national university (dismissed on march 20, 2006) infamous for fabricating a series of experiments in the field of stem cell research supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading hwang woo-suk was considered one

15、 of the pioneering experts in the field of stem cell research until november 2005, best known for two articles published in the journal science in 2004 and 2005 where he fraudulently reported to have succeeded in creating human embryonic stem cells by cloning. both papers were later editorially retr

16、acted after they were found to contain a large amount of fabricated data. supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading stemagen a corporation headed by dr. samuel wood notable for cloning adult skin cells it successfully created the first 5 mature

17、human embryos using dna from adult skin cells. supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading dolly addressed as: dolly: july 5, 1996 february 14, 2003 r

18、emarkable for: cloned by: cloned in: the worlds most famous sheep. being the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell (体细胞). ian wilmut, keith campbell and colleagues. edinburgh, scotland. supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading su

19、pplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading lcloning is a very complex scientific topic. how does the writer try to get his ideas across to lay readers? part division of the text further understanding text understanding supplementary readingafter re

20、adingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading part division of the text partspara(s)main ideas 114 the writer relates under what circumstances the stem cell research company stemagen was set up. 2523 the writer gives an account of their research efforts toward the goal of creat

21、ing lines of embryonic stem cells using a process known as therapeutic cloning. supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading partsmain ideas the writer tells about his attitude towards criticisms against using embryos for scientific research. 32427

22、 para(s) supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading further understanding for part 2 for part 1 true or false for part 3 blank filling table completion multiple choice supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed read

23、ing before reading true or false 1. when hwang woo-suk reported his success in creating human embryonic stem cells by cloning, people felt they were cheated. 2. a lot of diseases would be treated if human embryonic stem cells can really be created by cloning. f when hwang woo-suk reported his succes

24、s in creating human embryonic stem cells by cloning, people felt very excited. ( ) t( ) part 1 supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading 3. dr. wood has a profound love for his mother. t( ) 4. dr. wood decided to do something for his mother when

25、 she developed diabetes. f dr. wood decided to do something for his mother at her funeral. ( ) supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading 5. the other founder of stemagen, the stem research company, also lost his father to diabetes. f the other f

26、ounder of stemagen, the stem research company, lost his father to als. ( ) 6. as his mother had diabetes, dr. wood thought it was rather ordinary to see his mother lose her eyesight and most of her ability to walk. f it was absolutely horrifying for dr. wood to see his mother lose her eyesight and m

27、ost of her ability to walk. ( ) supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading table completion reproductive cloning vs therapeutic cloning purposeeffects reproductive cloning the majority of reproductive clones are abnormal, with very high miscarria

28、ge rates, very high stillbirth rates, fetal anomalies, death soon after birth, etc. to create an exact copy of an animal or human that already exists or has existed part 2 supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading purposeeffects therapeutic clon

29、ing to harvest embryonic stem cells for use in medical treatments therapeutic cloning does not involve any type of risk to human life and actually provides tremendous potential for the relief of suffering in human beings. supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed read

30、ing before reading 1. what are the researchers interested in? _ a. cloning genes. b. helping the sick. c. creating disease-specific and person-specific stem cell lines. d. putting a human face on cloning. multiple choice supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed readi

31、ng before reading 1. what are the researchers interested in? _ a. cloning genes. b. helping the sick. c. creating disease-specific and person-specific stem cell lines. d. putting a human face on cloning. multiple choice c supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed read

32、ing before reading 2. what is dr. wood referred to as? _ a. the man to clone dolly. b. the first man to clone human embryonic stem cells. c. the first man to cure diabetes. d. the first man to “clone himself”. supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before r

33、eading 2. what is dr. wood referred to as? _ a. the man to clone dolly. b. the first man to clone human embryonic stem cells. c. the first man to cure diabetes. d. the first man to “clone himself”. d supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading 3.

34、what has led to the firestorm of controversy? _ a. humanizing cloning. b. providing a roadmap. c. serving the purpose of helping the patients. d. a woman donating an egg. supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading 3. what has led to the firestorm

35、 of controversy? _ a. humanizing cloning. b. providing a roadmap. c. serving the purpose of helping the patients. d. a woman donating an egg. a supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading 4. why were people skeptical about their achievement? a. be

36、cause its impossible to clone blastocyst nowadays. b. because the cell had been destroyed. c. because some scientists cheated the public in the past. d. because the researchers couldnt prove the embryos were clones. _ supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading

37、before reading 4. why were people skeptical about their achievement? a. because its impossible to clone blastocyst nowadays. b. because the cell had been destroyed. c. because some scientists cheated the public in the past. d. because the researchers couldnt prove the embryos were clones. _ c supple

38、mentary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading 1. 2. 3. to dr. wood, its an to be by the vatican and president bush in the same week. researchers in the field and their usually have no dialogue. to give an embryo doesnt make sense to dr. wood. blank fillin

39、g honor_condemned _ embryonic stem cell_ opponents_ all the rights of a human life_ part 3 supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading i was extremely close with my mother all my life. she was a brilliant educator, writer and wonderful woman. sadl

40、y, she developed complications related to diabetes. when she lost her eyesight and most ofof her ability to walk, it was absolutely horrifying for me. she passed away from a fall seven or eight years ago. at her funeral, i swore that one day id do something about conditions like hers. human cloning:

41、 a scientists story dr. samuel wood via interview supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading years passed and i read about the work the south koreans had done with stem cells. in 2004 and 2005 hwang woo-suk fraudulently reported that he had succe

42、eded in creating human embryonic stem cells by cloning. back then it wasnt known it was a fraud, so it was very exciting to think that a long list of diseases could be treated. i founded the stem cell research company stemagen with another gentleman whose father had died of als. we went out for drin

43、ks one night and we started talking about our parents. we wanted to do something that would be a legacy for them. supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading for better or worse? the moment we decided to start stemagen, i read all there was to rea

44、d about the various cloning efforts in the past. the cloned sheep dolly in 1997 was very interesting, but at that stage people were not focusing on the stem cell aspect of cloning; they were focusing on the reproductive possibilities of cloning. supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglob

45、al reading detailed reading before reading human reproductive cloning is just simply wrong ethically from a medical standpoint and a scientific standpoint, even ignoring any religious issues associated with it. the reason is that the majority of reproductive clones in other species are actually abno

46、rmal, with very high miscarriage rates, very high stillbirth rates, fetal anomalies, death soon after birth, et cetera. it would just be absolutely wrong to take a human being and put them through what may well involve significant suffering for really no good end. even though people could take the t

47、echniques that weve developed and attempt to do it (or perhaps even be successful doing it), we hope that they would not. supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading on the other hand, therapeutic cloning does not involve any type of risk to human

48、 life and actually provides tremendous potential for the relief of suffering in real human beings who are going through some awful things. im a pure scientist in some ways, and i know that many different studies or findings could be used for evil. our job as scientists is to make the most of this te

49、chnology and make it available to the greatest number of other scientists who can help us do good things with it. theres really no effective way for an individual scientist to stop someone else from using the knowledge for something they shouldnt. supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readinggl

50、obal reading detailed reading before reading we need to be honest about the techniques that we used. they need to be able to be replicated by other people, and so, we are providing a roadmap. i would hope that the legislation thats in place and the great public disapproval that would result from any

51、 attempt to clone a human would dissuade anyone from going down that path. what is it they say? there is no technology that hasnt been used for some evil purpose at some point. quite honestly i do think that someone will attempt human reproductive cloning. i do think its inevitable, and its virtuall

52、y impossible to legislate that away. supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading i am spoken of as the first man to “clone himself.” there are different types of cloning. at the cellular level, yes, its true i am the first man to clone himself. we

53、 thought a great deal about how to dealwith the issue of whose cells we should use and whether we should let the world and the scientific community know who the first cellular clone was. in the end we decided that we wanted to put a human face on cloning. claim to fame supplementary readingafter rea

54、dingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading i didnt anticipate it would create the firestorm of controversy that its created, but im still glad we went down that path. we received thousands of e-mails and phone calls from people who need help. i think by coming forward and put

55、ting a face to it we made it very real, and now people around the world know that cloning is here. i believe that very soon it will be used therapeutically, so i think our purpose was served. pure science what happens is an informed and consenting woman donates an egg and we remove her genetic mater

56、ial from the egg. then we place a single skin cell inside that egg. supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading what were really interested in is creating disease- specific and person-specific stem cell lines. the procedure of taking cells from a

57、person takes no more than a minute or two. you can take some skin cells from the arm, for example, and in one to two minutes, you can get the cells that you need to carry out this process. this process enables us to study the causes of specific diseases, such as alzheimers disease, als or parkinsons

58、 disease, and then research a variety of treatments for these diseases. if the stem cell lines are created for any given individual and are later transplanted back into the individual, they will not be rejected by the individual. supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detai

59、led reading before reading sweet success i always thought that when our research was successful i would just be pleased that we had accomplished this when others had not. in reality, it is transcendenttranscendent when you look through the microscope, you see what you may have looked like a long tim

60、e ago, at least in part. supplementary readingafter readingdetailed readingglobal reading detailed reading before reading when i looked down and saw that cloned blastocyst, it brought tears to my eyes. i had done this for my mother, and i realized, had she only been able to live a few years longer,