TOEFL模拟测试题(1

1、TOEFL模拟测试题（1As many as one thousandyears ago in theSouthwest, the Hopi and Zuni In dia ns of North America were building with adobe - sun-baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes lookedremarkably like modem apartmenthouses. Some werefour stories high and contained quartersfor perhaps thousa nd pe

2、ople, along with storerooms forgrain and other goods. Thesebuild ings were usually put up aga inst cliffs, both to makecon structi on easier and for defe nseaga inst en emies. They were really villages in themselves,as later Spanish explorers must haverealized since they called them pueblos, which i

3、s Spanish for tow n.The people or the pueblos raised what are calledthe three sisters - corn, bea ns, andsquash. They made excelle nt pottery and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they couldhold water. The Southwest has always bee n a dry coun try,where water is scarce. The Hopi andZuni brou

4、ght water from streams to their fields and garde ns through irrigati on ditches. Waterwas so important that it played a major role in their religi on. They developed elaboratecere monies and religious rituals to bring rain.The way of life of less-settled groups was simplerand more stron gly in flue

5、need by n ature.Small tribes such as the Shosho ne and Ute wan dered thedry and mountainous lands betwee nthe Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocea n.Theygathered seeds and hun ted small ani malssuch as rabbits and sn akesn the Far North the an cestorsof today s Inu it hun ted seals, walruses,and the

6、 great whales. They lived right on the froze n seasin shelters called igloos built of blocksof packed snow. When summer came, they fished for salm on and hun ted the lordly caribou.The Cheye nne, Pawn ee, and Sioux tribes, known asthe Pla ins In dia ns, lived on thegrassla nds betwee n the rocky mou

7、ntains and the Mississippi River. They hun ted bis oncommo nly called the buffalo. Its meat was the chief foodof these tribes, and its hide was usedto make their cloth ing and the coveri ng of their tents andtipis .1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The architecture of early America n In di

8、a n build ings(B) The movementof American Indians across NorthAmerica(C) Ceremonies and rituals of America n In dia ns(D) The way of life of America n In dia n tribes in early North America2. According to the passage the Hopi and Zuni typically built their homes(A) in valleys(B) n ext to streams(C)

9、on ope n pla ins(D) aga inst cliffs3. The word They in line 6 refers to(A) goods(B) buildi ngs(C) cliffs(D) en emies4t can be in ferred from the passage that the dwelli ngs ofthe Hopi and Zuni were(A) very small(B) highly adva need(C) difficult to defend(D) quickly con structed5. The author uses the

10、 phrase the three sisters in Iine8 refer to(A) Hopi wome n(B) family members(C) importa nt crops(D) rai n cere monies6. The word scarce in lin e10 is closest in meaning to(A) limited(B) hidden(C) pure(D) n ecessary7. Which of the followi ng is true of the Shosho ne and Ute?(A) They were not as settl

11、ed as the Hopi and Zuni.(B) They hun ted caribou.(C) They built their home with adobe.(D) They did not have many religious .8. Accord ing to the passage which of the followi ng tribes lived in the grassla nds?(A) The Shosho ne and Ute(B) The Cheye nne and Sioux(C) The Hopi and Zu ni(D) The Pawnee an

12、d In uit9. Which of the followi ng ani mals was most importa nt tothe Plai ns In dia ns?(A) The salm on(B) The caribou(C) The seal(D) The buffalo10. Which of the following is NOT mentionedby theauthor as a dwelli ng place of earlyNorth America ns?(A) Log cab ins(B) Adobe houses(C) Tipis(D) Igloos11

13、. The author gives an explanationfor all of thefollowi ng words EXCEPT(A) adobe(B) pueblos(C) caribou(D) bis on12. The author groups North America n In dia ns accord ingto their(A) tribes and geographical regi ons(B) arts and crafts(C) rituals and cerem onies(D) date of appeara nee on the con ti nen

14、tMarianne Moore (1887-1972) once said that herwriti ng could be called poetry onlybecause there was no other n ame for it. In deed her poemsappear to be extremely compressedessays that happen to be printed in jagged lines on thepage. Her subjects were varied: ani mals,laborers, artists, and the craf

15、t of poetry. From her gen eralread ing came quotati ons that shefound strik ing or in sightful.She in cluded these in herpoems, scrupulously en closed in quotati onmarks, and sometimes ide ntified in foot no tes.Of thispractice, she wrote, Why the manyquotation marks? I am askedWhen a thing has been

16、said so well that it could not be saidbetter, why paraphrase it? Hence my writing is, if not a cab inet of fossils, a ki nd of collectio nof flies in amber. Close observati on and concen trati on ondetail are the methods of her poetry.Marianne Moore grew up in Kirkwood, Missouri,n ear St.Louis. Afte

17、r graduati on fromBryn Mawr College in 1909, she taught commercial subjects at the In dia n School in Carlisle,Pennsylvania. Later she became a librarian in New YorkCity. Duri ng the 1920 s she was editorof The Dial, an importa nt literary magaz ine of the period.She lived quietly all her life, most

18、lyin Brookl yn, New York. She spe nt a lot of time at the BronxZoo, fasc in ated by an imals.Her admirationof the BrooklynDodgers-beforetheteam moved to Los An geles -waswidely know n.Her first book of poems was published in London in1921 by a group of friends associatedwith the Imagist moveme nt. F

19、rom that time on her poetryhas bee n read with in terest bysucceed ing gen erati ons of poets and readers. In 1952 shewas award the Pulitzer Prize for herCollected Poems. She wrote that she did not write poetryfor money or fame. To ear n a liv ingis n eedful, but it can be done in rout ine ways. One

20、 writesbecause one has a bur ning desire toobjectify what it is in dispe nsableto one s happ in ess toexpress13. What is the passage mainly about?(A) The in flue nee of the Imagists on Maria nne Moore.(B) Essayists and poets of the 1920 s(C) The use of quotatio ns in poetry(D) Maria nne Moor s life

21、and work14. Which if the followi ng can be in terred about Moore s poems?(A) They are better known in Europe than the United States.(B) They do not use traditi onal verse forms.(C) They were all published in The Dial.(D) They tend to be abstract.15. Accord ing to the passage Moore wrote about all of

22、 the followi ng EXCEPT(A) artists(B) ani mals(C) fossils(D) workers16. What does Moore refer to as flies in amber (li ne 9)?(A) A com mon image in her poetry(B) Poetry in the twen tieth cen tury(C) Concen trati on on detail(D) Quotati ons within her poetry17. The author men tio ns all of the follow

23、ing as jobs held by Moore EXCEPT(A) commercial artist(B) teacher(C) magaz ine editor(D) libraria n18. The word period in line 13 is closest in meaning to(A) moveme nt(B) school(C) regi on(D) time19. Where did Moore spe nd most of her adult life?(A) In Kirkwood(B) In Brookly n(C) In Los An geles(D) I

24、n Carlisle2O.The word succeedi ng in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) in herit ing(B) prosperi ng(C) diverse(D) later21 . The word it in line 21 refers to(A) writ ing poetry(B) beco ming famous(C) ear ning n liv ing(D) attracti ng readers22t can be in ferred from the passage that Moore wrote beca

25、use she(A) wan ted to win awards(B) was dissatisfied with what others wrote(C) felt a n eed to express herself(D) wan ted to raise money for the Bronx ZooWhat makes it rain? Rain falls from clouds for thesame reas on anything falls to Earth.The Earth s gravity pulls it.But every cloud is made of wat

26、er droplets or ice crystals. Whydoes n t rain or snow fall con sta ntly from all clouds? Thedroplets or ice crystals in clouds areexceed in gly small.The effect or gravity on them is min ute.Air curre nts move and lift dropletsso that the net downwarddisplacementis zero, eventhough the droplets are

27、in con sta nt moti on.Droplets and ice crystals behave somewhat like dust in the air made visible in a shaft ofsun light. To the casual observer, dust seems to act in a totally ran dom fashi on, movi ng aboutchaotically without fixed directi on. But in fact dust particles are much larger tha n water

28、 dropletsand they fin ally fall. The average size of a cloud droplet isonly 0.0004 inch in diameter. It is sosmall that it would take sixtee n hours to fall half a mile in perfectly still air,a nd it does not fallout of moving air at all. Only whe n the droplet grows todiameter of 0.008 inch or larg

29、er canit fall from the cloud. The average rain dropcontains amillio n times as much water as a tinycloud droplet. The growth of a cloud droplet to a size large eno ugh to fall out is the cause ofrain and other forms of precipitation.This importantgrowth process is called coalesce nee.23. What is the

30、 main topic of the passage?(A) The mecha nics of rai n(B) The weather patter ns of North America(C) How Earth s gravity affects agriculture(D) Types of clouds24. The word minute in line 4 is closest in meaning to which of the follow ing?(A) sec ond(B) tiny(C) slow(D) steady25 .Thc word motio n in li

31、ne 5 is closest in meaning to(A) wind(B) change(C) moveme nt(D) humidity26ce crystals do NOT immediately fall to Earth because(A) they are kept aloft by air curre nts.(B) they comb ine with other chemicals in the atmosphere(C) most of them evaporate(D) their electrical charges draw them away from th

32、e earth27. The word ra ndom in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) un predictable(B) perplex ing(C) in depe ndentl(D) abno rmal28. What can be in ferred about drops of water larger tha n0.008 inch in diameter?(A) They n ever occur.(B) They are not affected by the force of gravity.(C) In still air the

33、y would fall to earth.(D) In movi ng air they fall at a speed of thirty -two milesper hour.29 How much bigger is a rain drop tha n a cloud droplet ?(A) 200 times bigger(B) 1,000 times bigger(C) 100,000 times bigger(D) l,000,000 times bigger30. I n this passage, what does the term coalesce nee refer

34、to(A) The gatheri ng of small clouds to form larger clouds(B) The growth of droplets(C) The effect of gravity on precipitati on(D) The moveme nt of dust particles in the sun lightPeople appear to be born to compute. Thenu merical skill of childre n develop so earlyand so inexorably that it is easy t

35、o imagine an internalclock of mathematical maturity guidi ngtheir growth. Not long after lear ning to walk and talk, theycan set the table with impressiveaccuracy-。ne plate, one knife, one spo on, one fork, foreach of the five chairs. Soon they arecapable of noting that they have placed five knives,

36、spo ons, and forks on the table and, a hitlater, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware.Having thus mastered additi on, theymove on to subtracti on.It seems almost reas on able toexpect that if a child were secluded on adesert isla nd at birth and retrieved seve n years later, he orshe co

37、uld en ter a sec on d-grademathematics class without any serious problems of in tellectual adjustme nt.Of course, the truth is not so simple. This cen tury,the work of cog nitive psychologists hasilluminatedthe subtle froms of daily learning on whichin terllectual progress depe nds. Childre nwere ob

38、served as they slowly grasped-or ,as the case might be,bumped in to-c on cepts thatadults take for gran ted, as they refuseed, for in sta nee, tocon cede that qua ntity is un cha nged aswater pours from a short stout glass into a tall thi n one.Psychologists have si nee dem on stratedthat young chil

39、dre n, asked to count the pen cils in a pile,readily report the nu mber of blue orred pencils, but must be coaxed into finding the total.Such studies have suggested that therudiments of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggestedthat the very con cept of abstract nu

40、 mbers- the idea of aonen ess, a twon ess, a three ness thatapplies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything more mathematicallydema nding tha n sett ing a table- is itself far from inn ate.31. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Trends in teach ing mathematics to childr

41、e n(B) The use of mathematics in child psychology(C) The developme nt of mathematical ability in childre n(D) The fun dame ntalcon cepts of mathematics thatchildre n must lear n32t can be inferredfrom the passage that childrenno rmally lear n simple counting(A) soon after they lear n to talk(B) by l

42、ooki ng at the clock(C) whe n they beg in to be mathematically mature(D) after they reach sec ond grade in school33.The word illu min ated in line 11 is closest in meaningto(A) iliustrated(B) accepted(C) clarified(D) lighted34 . The author implies that most small children believe that the qua ntity

43、of watercha nges whe n it is tran sferred to a container of adiffere nt(A) color(B) quality(C) weightwere(D) shape35 .Accordingto the passage, when small childrenasked to count a pile ofred and blue pen cils they(A) coun ted the nu mber of pen cils of each color(B) guessed at the total nu mber of pe

44、n cils(C) coun ted on ly the pen cils of their favorite color(D) subtracted the nu mber of red pen cils from the nu mber of blue pen cils36. The word They in line 17 refers to(A) mathematicia ns(B) childre n(C) pen cils(D) studies37. The word prerequisite in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) reas

45、on(B) theory(C) requireme nt(D) tech nique38. The word itself in line 20 refers to(A) the total(B) the con cept of abstract nu mbers(C) any class of objects(D) sett ing a table39. With which of the following statements would the author be LEAST likelyto agree?(A) Childre n n aturally and easily lear

46、 n mathematics .(B) Childre n lear n to add before they lear n to subtract.(C) Most people follow the same pattern of mathematical developme nt(D) Mathematical developme nt is subtle and gradual.40. Where in the passage does the author give an exampleof a hypotheticalexperime nt ?(A) Li nes 3-6(B) L

47、i nes 7-9(C) Lines 11-14(D) Li nes 17-20Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar positi on in the history of huma n kno wledge.For many thousands of years it was the one field of aware ness about which huma ns hadanything more tha n the vaguest of in sights.It isimpossible to know today just

48、 what our StoneAge an cestors knew about pla nts, but from what we canobserve of prein dustrial societies thatstill exist, a detailed lear ning of pla nts and their propertiesmust be extremely an cie nt. This islogical. Plants are the basis of the food, oyramid for all livi ng thi ngs, eve n for oth

49、er pla nts. Theyhave always bee n eno rmously importa nt to the welfare ofpeople, not only for food, but also forcloth ing,weap ons, tools, dyes, medic in es, shelter, and agreat many other purposes. Tribesliving today in the jungles of the Amazonrecognizeliterally hun dreds of pla nts and knowmany

50、properties of each. To them bota ny, as such, has non ame and is probably not eve nrecog ni zed as a special branch of kno wledge at all .Un fort un alely, the more in dustrialized we becomethe farther away we move from directcon tact with pla nts, and the less dist inct our kno wledge ofbota ny gro

51、ws. Yet every one comesuncon sciouslyonanamaz ing amountof bota ni calkno wledge,a nd few people will fail torecognize arose,anapple,oran orchid. When ourNeolithic an cestors, liv ing in the MiddleEast about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seedspla nted

52、 for richer yields the next seas on, the first great step in a new associati on of pla nts andhuma ns was take n. Grai ns were discovered and from themflowed the marvel of agriculture :cultivated crops. From the n on,huma nswouldin creas in gly take their livi ng from the con trolledproducti on of a

53、 few pla nts, rather tha n gett ing a little hereand a little there from many varietiesthat grew wild- and the accumulated kno weldge of tensof thousa nds of years of experie neeand in timacy with pla nts in the wild would begi n to fadeaway.41 . Which of the followingassumptionsabout earlyhuma ns i

54、s expressed in the passage?(A) They probably had exte nsive kno wledge of pla nts.(B) They divided kno wledge into well-defi ned fields .(C) They did not enjoy the study of bota ny.(D) They placed great importa nee on own ership of property.42. The word peculiar in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) clear(B) large(C) unu sual(D) importa nt43. What does the comme nt This is logical in lines 5-6mean ?(A) There is no clear way to determinethe extent o