六级阅读技巧1

1、2007.06Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.You hear the refrain all the time: the U.S. economy looks good statistically, but it doesn t feel good. Why doesn -gretaetveer rwealth promote ever-greater happiness? It is a question that dates at least to the appearance in 195

2、8 of The Affluent 富（ 裕的） Society by John Kenneth Galbraith, who died recently at 97.The Affluent Society is a modern classic because it helped define a new moment in the human condition. For most of history, “ hungers, ickness, and cold ”threatened nearly everyone, Galbraith wrote. “ Povertywas foun

3、d everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours. ”After World War II, the dread of another Great Depression gave way to an economic boom. In the 1930s unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent; in the 1950s it was 4.5 percent.To Galbraith, materialism had gone mad and would breed discontent. Th

4、rough advertising, companies conditioned consumers to buy things they didnt really wantneed. Because so much spending was artificial, it would be unfulfilling. Meanwhile, government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people instinctively and wrongly labeled gover

5、nment only as“a necessaryevil. ”It s often said that only the rich aergetting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving richoverpaid chief executives, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most people inscomes are increasing. From 1995 to 2004

6、, inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3 percent, to $43,200. People feel“ squeezed ” because their rising incomes often dont satisfy thrising wantsfor bigger homes, more health care, more education, faster Internet connections.The other great frustration is that it has not eliminated in

7、security. People regard job stability as part of their standard of living. As corporate layoffs increased, that part has eroded. More workers fear they vbeecome “ thedisposable American, ”as Louis Uchitelle puts it in his book by the same name.Becauseso much previous suffering and social conflict st

8、emmed from poverty, the arrival of widespread affluence suggested utopian 乌（ 托邦式的 ） possibilities. Up to a point, affluence succeeds. There is much les physical misery than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, affluence also creates new complaints and contradictions. Advanced societies need

9、 economic growth to satisfy the multiplying wants of their citizens. But the quest for growth lets loose new anxieties and economic conflicts that disturb the social order. Affluence liberates the individual, promising that everyone can choose a unique way to self-fulfillment. But the promise is so

10、extravagant that it predestines many disappointments and sometimes inspires choices that have anti-social consequences, including family breakdown and obesity （ 肥胖症 ）. Statistical indicators of happiness have not risen with incomes.Should we be surprised? Not really. Weve simply reaffirmed an old tr

11、uth: the pursuit of affluence does not always end with happiness.52. What question does John Kenneth Galbraith raise in his book The Affluent Society?A) Why statistics dont tell the truth about the economy.B) Why affluence doesn t guarantee happiness.C) How happiness can be promoted today.D) What li

12、es behind an economic boom.53. According to Galbraith, people feel discontented because .A) public spending hasnt been cut down as expectedB) the government has proved to be a necessary evilC) they are in fear of another Great DepressionD) materialism has run wild in modern society54. Why do people

13、feel squeezed when their average income rises considerably?A) Their material pursuits have gone far ahead of their earnings.B) Their purchasing power has dropped markedly with inflation.C) The distribution of wealth is uneven between the r5ich and the poor.D) Health care and educational cost have so

14、mehow gone out of control.55. What does Louis Uchitelle mean by “the disposable American ” (Line 3, Para. 5)?A) Those who see job stability as part of their living standard.B) People full of utopian ideas resulting from affluence.C) People who have little say in American politics.D) Workers who no l

15、onger have secure jobs.56. What has affluence brought to American society?A) Renewed economic security.B) A sense of self-fulfillment.C) New conflicts and complaints.D) Misery and anti-social behavior.Passage 1概要: 本文在引用 Galbraith 观点的基础上，探讨了现代社会在物质生活丰富的 情况下，人们的幸福程度却下降了的原因。答案及解析52. B.细节题。根据关键词 John Ke

16、nneth Galbraith和 The Affluent Society 定位到 文章首段。Why doesn t evegreater wealth promote ever-greater happ in ess? It is a question that dates at least to .The Affluent (富裕的) Society by John Kenneth Galbraith因此选 B。53. D. 细节题。根据关键词 Galbraith 和 discontented 定位到第三段首句。 To Galbraith, materialism had gone mad

17、 and would breed discontent. 原文中的 go mad对应选项中的run wild。因此选D。其他选项都于原文不符。54. A.细节题。根据关键词squeezed定位到第四段句末。People feel “squeezed ”because their rising in comes ofte n don t satisfy their r.s说明增加的收入无法满足人们更高的物质需求。因此选 A。55. D.词义题。根据关键词 Louis Uchitelle 和 the disposable American定位到第 五段。People regard job stab

18、ility as part of their standard of living. As corporate layoffs increased, that part has eroded. More workers fear theyvbeecome “thedisposable American, ” as Louis Uchitelle put说明人们把稳定的工作看做是 维持生活标准的一部分，但随着失业人数的增加，人们渐渐丧失了生活的安全 感，感到焦虑。因此可推断 D 是正确答案。56. C. 细节题。根据第六段末句 Unfortunately, affluence also crea

19、tes new complaints and con tradictio ns.可知，丰富的物质生活给美国民众带来更多的冲突和抱怨。 故选 C。Passage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.The use of deferential （敬重的） language is symbolic of the Confucian ideal of the woman, which dominates conservative gender norms in Japan. This ideal presents a wo

20、man who withdraws quietly to the background, subordinating her life and needs to those of her family and its male head. She is a dutiful daughter, wife, and mother, master of the domestic arts. The typical refined Japanese woman excels in modesty and delicacy; she“treads言慎行）in the world,” elevating

21、feminine beautyand grace to an art form.Nowadays, it is commonly observed that young women are not conforming to the feminine linguistic （语言的） ideal. They are using fewer of the very deferential“womens” forms, and even using the few strong forms that are know as“menThis, of course, attracts consider

22、able attention and has led to an outcry in the Japanese media against the defeminization of womens language. Indeed, we didnhear about“mens language ” until people began to respond to girls appropriaof forms normally reserved for boys and men. There is considerable sentiment about the “corruption ”

23、of women s wlahnigchuaogfecourse is viewed as part of the loss of feminine ideals and moralityand this sentiment is crystallized by nationwide opinion polls that are regularly carried out by the media.Yoshiko Matsumoto has argued that young women probably never used as many of the highly deferential

24、 forms as older women. This highly polite style is no doubt something that young women have been expected to“ g roawftei nr taoll, i”t isasign not simply of femininity, but of maturity and refinement, and its use could be taken to indicate a change in the nature of ones social relations as well. One

25、 mightwell imagine little girls using exceedingly polite forms when playing house or imitating older womenin a fashion analogous to little girls-pitucshedof a highvoice to do “teacher talk ” or “mother talk ” in role play.The fact that young Japanese women are using less deferential language is a su

26、re sign of changeof social change and of linguistic change. But it is most certainly not a sign of the “masculization ” of girls. In some instances, it may be a sign that girls are making the same claim to authority as boys and men, but that is very different from saying that they are trying to be “

27、masculine.Ka”tsue Reynolds has argued that girls nowadays are using more assertive language strategies in order to be able to compete with boys in schools and out. Social change also brings not simply different positions for women and girls, but different relations to life stages,and adolescentgirls

28、 are participating in new subcultural forms. Thus what may, to an older speaker, seem like “masculine s”peech may seem to an adolescent like“liberated ” or “hip ” speech.57. The first paragraph describes in detail .A) the standards set for contemporary Japanese womenB) the Confucian influence on gen

29、der norms in JapanC) the stereotyped role of women in Japanese familiesD) the norms for traditional Japanese women to follow58. What change has been observed in today s young Japanese women?A) They pay less attention to their linguistic behavior.B) The use fewer of the deferential linguistic forms.C

30、) They confuse male and female forms of language.D) They employ very strong linguistic expressions.59. How do some people react to womens appropriation of men s language forms asreported in the Japanese media?A) They call for a campaign to stop the defeminization.B) The see it asan expression of wom

31、en s sentiment.C) They accept it as a modern trend.D) They express strong disapproval.60. According to Yoshiko Matsumoto, the linguistic behavior observed in today s young women .A) may lead to changes in social relationsB) has been true of all past generationsC) is viewed as a sign of their maturit

32、yD) is a result of rapid social progress61. The author believes that the use of assertive language by young Japanese women is .A) a sure sign of their defeminization and maturationB) an indication of their defiance against social changeC) one of their strategies to compete in a male-dominated societyD) an inevitable trend of linguistic development in Japan todayPassage 2 概要 : 本文主要讨论了日本年轻女性在使用敬语方面的变化、趋势，及其原因。答案及解析57. B. 推断题。文章首段首句总括全段， 说明儒家思想对日本女性敬语使用的深 远影响。 The use of deferential language is symbolic of the Confucian ideal of the woma n, wh