新概念第一册主要语法知识

1、新概念一主要语法知识点（一）时态主要涉及的时态有：一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时，过去进行时，过去完 成时，过去将来时1. 一般现在时 表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。含有be动词的句子例: He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are stude nts.变疑问句将be动词移到句首例: Is he a teacherIs the girl very beautifulAre Tim and Jack stude nts变否定句在be动词后面 加not例: He is not a tea

2、cher.The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not stude nts.肯定回答及否定回答例: Yes, he is. No, he is not.Yes, she is. No, she is not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.不含有动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子第三人称单数及单数名词例：He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bon es.变疑问句在句首加 does,动词变为原型例: Does he like booksDoes she lik

3、e himDoes the dog like bones变否定句 在主语及动词之间 加doesn,动词变为原型例: He doesn t like books.She doesn t like him.The dog doesn t like bones.肯定回答及否定回答：例: Yes, he does. No, he doesn t.Yes, she does. No, she does ntYes, it does. No, it doesn t.注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S,不要和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。其他人称及复数名词例：I want to

4、 have a bath.We have some meat.The stude nts like smart teachers.变疑问句在句首加do例: Do you want to have a bathDo we have any meatDo the stude nts like smart teachers变否定句在主语和动词之间 加don .t例: You don t want to ha a bath.We don t have any meat.The students don t like smart teachers.肯定回答及否定回答例：Yes, I do. No, I

5、don t.Yes, we do. No, we don tYes, they do. No, they don t.2. 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。构成：主语+ be动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分例: We are having lunch.He is readi ng a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimmi ng across the river.变疑问句将be动词移到句首例: Are we having lunchIs he readi ng a bookIs the dog running after

6、a catAre the boys swimmi ng across the river变否定句在be动词后面 加not例: We are not having lunch.He is not readi ng a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimmi ng across the river.特殊疑问句 ： what,which, how, where, who, etc.疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词例: What are you doingWhat is she doingWhat is the dog doi

7、ng注：（必背！）没有进行时的动词：表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作 表示感觉，感官的词see, hear, like, love, want, have, has 当”拥有讲时没有讲行时3. 般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, the daybefore yesterday, 3 days ago,含有 be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，am, is的过去式为 was, are 的过去式为were例：I was at the butcher s.You were a stude nt a year

8、 ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten yearsago.变疑问句将be动词移动到句首例: Were you at the butcher sWere you a stude nt a year agoWas the teacher very beautiful ten yearsago变否定句在be动词后面 加not例: I was not at the butcher s.You were not a stude nt a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful teny ears ago.肯定回答否定

9、回答例: Yes, I was. No, I was not.Yes, you were. No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.特殊疑问句：例：What did you do不含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式例: I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaura nt.The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.变疑问句在句首加did，动词变为原型例: Did you finish your homework

10、 yesterdayDid the boy go to a restaura ntDid the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago变否定句在主语和动词之间 加did not例: I did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaura nt.The Sawyers did no t live at King Street a yearago.肯定回答及否定回答例：Yes, I did. No, I didn t.Yes, he did. No, he didn t.

11、Yes, they did. No, they did not.4.现在完成时构成：主语 +助动词 have, has+过去分词用法：1）表示过去发生的口现在有某种联系的动作； 常禾口just, usually, already, since 等时间畐U词连用例：I have just had lunch.（饱了，不用再吃了 ）He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝）They have already had their holiday.（不能再度假了）The boy has already read the book.（已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了）2）询问别人

12、是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：例： Have you finished your homeworkHave you bee n to Beiji ngHave he see n the film3）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作例: I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4）表示一种经历，经验：去过地方，做过事情，经历过事情例: I have never had a bath.I have n ever see n a film.I have n ever bee n

13、 to cin ema.I have ever bee n to Paris.注意： Have been to 表示去过， have gone to 表示去了试比较：I have been to London.（人已经回来）He has gone to London.（人还在那里）5）表示一种结果，一般不和时间副词联用例: I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broke n my heart.变疑问句将助动词移到句首，例: Have you lost your pen变否定句在助动词后面 加

14、not.例:I have no tlost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答例：Yes, I have. No, I have not.特殊疑问句：例: What have you doneWhat has he done注意：一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用错：I ve left Beijing for 3 days.对：I left Beijing 3 days ago. Ihave been away from being for 3 days.5. 般将来时表示将来将

15、要发生的动作，经常禾口 tomorrow, next year, the dayafter tomorrow, the year afterthe next, in five h ours time, etc. 表示将来的词联用结构： 主语 +助动词 will+ 动词原形例: I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the monthafter the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrowmorni ng.变疑问句将助动词移到句首例： Will you go t

16、o America tomorrowWill the pilot fly to Japa n the mon th afterthe n extWill Jack move into his new house tomorrowmorni ng变否定句在助动词后面 加not例: I will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the monthafter the next.Jack will not move into his new housetomorrow morni ng肯定回答及否定回答例：Yes,

17、I will. No, I will not.Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will not.Yes, he will. No, he will not.特殊疑问句：例：What will you do6. 过去完成时：用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。 结构：had+过去分词例: After she had finished her homework, shewent shopping.They had sold the car before I asked theprice.The train had left before I

18、 arrived at thestati on.注意：After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后则 不用加。变疑问句将助动词移到句首例: Had she finished her homework变否定句在助动词后面 加not例: She hadn t finished her homework.肯定回答及否定回答例：Yes, she had. No, she hadn t.特殊疑问句：例： What had she done7. 过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作，经常用在 when, while, as 引导的状语从句中。结构： was/were+d

19、oing例: When my husba nd was going into the dinin groom this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.While we were havi ng dinner, my father waswatch ing TV.8过去将来时结构：would do例: She said she would go here the nextmorning.（二）特殊句型：therebe句型，be going to结构1. Be going to 结构表示打算，准备，计划做某事结构：主语 +be 动词 +go

20、ing to +动词原型例: I am going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase tohis daughter.变疑问句将be动词移到句首例： Are you going to make a bookcaseAre they going to paint itIs the father going to give the bookcase tohis daughter变否定句在 be动词后面加 not例: I am not going to make

21、a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is not going to give thebookcase to his daughter.肯定回答及否定回答例: Yes, I am. No, I am not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.Yes, he is. No, he is not.特殊疑问句例: What are you going to doWhat are they going to doWhat is the father going to do2. There be 句型表示哪里有什么

22、东西（某处有某物）There is+单数名词+表示场所的词（一般为介词词组）例: There is a book in this room.There is a pen on the tableThere are +复数名词+表示场所的词（一般为介词词组）例: There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there.变疑问句将be动词移到句首例: Is there a book in this roomAre there two pens on the table变否定句在动词后面加not例: There is not a b

23、ook in this room.There are not two pens on the table.肯定回答及否定回答例: Yes, there is. No, there is not.Yes, there are. No, there are not.（三）问句主要类型有：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否定疑问句1. 一般疑问句：助动词/be动词+主语，通常可以用Yes或者No来回答。例: Are you a teacherDo you want to have a cup of tea回答：Yes, I am./No, I am not.2. 特殊疑问

24、句：特殊疑问词+般疑问句What: 表示什么例： What is your nameWhere:表示在哪里，对地点进行提问例： Where is my book ？Which:表示哪一个（在一定范围内特指一样东西或一个人） 当作为疑问代词时，which通常单独使用例: Which is your favorite cup ？Which are your favorite cups ？ 当作为疑问形容词时，which后面通常加上一个名词，构成特殊疑问名词短语例: Which cup is your favorite ？Which cups are your favorite ？对国籍的提问 你是

25、哪国人？问： What nationality are you ? 回答：I m Chinese.注意：回答用国籍” 你来自哪里？问： Where are you from ？=Whre do you come from ？ 回答：I m from China.=1 come from China.注意：回答用国家”对职业的提问What is your job ？ =What are you ？对近况的提问问： How are you today ？ 回答： rm very well, tha nk you.3. 诜择疑问句关键词：or例 “ Do you want beef or lamb4

26、. 反意疑问句肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分，否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分例: The dog is lovely, is nt itYou don t need that pen, do you5. 否定疑问句一般疑问句+否定词 例：Aren t you luckyDon t you want to have a rest（四） some 禾口 any、many 禾口 much 的用法 some, any共同点：1.都可修饰可数名词或不可数名词2.都可以解释为一些”区别：通常情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句（此时，两个词都解释为 一 些”）例: I want some milk.

27、I dont want any milk.Do you want any milk特殊用法：1当表示建议、邀请，并期待得到对方的肯定回答时some也可以用在疑问句中,以下为三种句型：1）Would you like. ？例：Would you like some coffee ？2）Do you want.（一般情况而言用 any比较多，但是如果想要得到别人的肯定回答，可以用some来提问）例: Do you want some juice （回答为 Yes）3）What about. ？例: What about some bread ？2.当any表示 任何”的时候，也可以用在肯定句，且后

28、面如果加可数名词，需 要用单数例: Any one with a ticket can get into the park.many, much共同点：都可以解释为 很多”不同点：many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词例: I have many toy cars.She has much mon ey.注：在口语中表示 很多”一般不用many, much,而多用a lot of,而在否定句中表示很多用many, much.例: I have a lot of money.I don t have muchmoney.I dont have many apples.（五）名词分类：名词分

29、为可数名词和不可数名词1.不可数名词含义：不可以分成个体的东西:water,tea, bread, milk, rice扌由象的东西：love, beauty, cold ness特点： 不能用a, an修饰 不能加s 和单数be动词或动词搭配注：不可数名词表达复数概念时，用量词修饰。 例：a bottle of milktwo bottles of milka bar of chocolate a loaf of breadtwo bars of chocolatetwo loaves of breada pound of sugar2.可数名词：特点：单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，有复数形式。

30、 名词复数形式变化规则：一般情况+Stwo pounds of sugar例: shopT shopsbook t books 以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾 +es口诀：蛇(sh)吃(ch)象(x)是(sh)会死(s)的哦(0) 例: fox t foxeschurch t churchesbus t busesdish t dishespotato t potatoes 以 o 结尾，除了 Negro/hero /potato/tomato，通常力口 s口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿，剩下一般加s, radio tradios 以f, fe 结尾的，变 f, fe 为 ves例：

31、life t liveshalf t halvesshelf t shelvescity t citieswife t wives 以辅音字母 +y 结尾，变 y 为i+es例: sky tskiesfly t flies注：以元音字母+y结尾的则直接加ed例: toy t toysboy t boysday t days不规则变化的名词复数形式例: marr menwomarT wome nfoot T feetgoose t geesetooth T teethsheep t sheepchild t childrendeer t deermouser mice国人复数变化：(部分)口诀：

32、中日不变英法变，其余 s加后边Chinese 宀 ChineseJapaneseJapaneseEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmenGerma n Germa nsItalia ntalians（六）情态动词的使用1 .情态动词can （能够），must （必须），may （可以）结构：主语 +ca n/must/may+ 动词原型例: He can make the tea.Sally may air the room.We must speak En glish.变疑问句将情态动词移到句首例: Can he make the teaMay I ope

33、 n the doorMust we speak En glish变否定句在情态动词后面力口n ot例: He cannot make the tea.Sally maynot air the room.You must nt speak loudly here. = Dont speak loudly here. （这里 must nt 解释为不许、禁 止的意思）特殊疑问句：What can you do注意：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化，不要在情态动词或动词后面加S。2. Must/have to 的区别 must表示必须，是主观上觉得应该做，have to是不得不，是由于客观条件

34、逼迫才做 must只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何时态3. must, may, might 表示猜测： must do表示对现在事实的猜测 must have done 表示对过去事实的猜测 must have been doing 表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测may/might do. may/might have done 表示没有任何事实依据的猜测，might 的可能性更小。can t/couldn表示不可能4. need 用法： 表示 需要”时为实意动词，后面可以加名词，也可以加不定式：例: I need a pen.Do you need any

35、 beer No. Idon t.I n eed to have a rest.注: Need doing=need to be done，表示被动例: The flowers need watering. = The flowers need to be watered. Need在否定时做情态动词使用例: You needn t go so early. =You don t need togo so early.需要语法（七）感叹句、祈使句一 感叹句1. 由what引导的感叹句。结构：What+a（an）+ （形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！例：What a beautiful gi

36、rl she is!What+（形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！例: What kind women they are!What nice music it is!2. 由how引导的感叹句。结构： How + 形容词（副词）+主语+谓语例：How beautiful the girl is!How quickly the boy is writi ng!与how引导的感叹句，一般情况下可以相互转换，转换后意义不变。例: What an interesting story it is!=How interesting the story is! what a beautiful

37、 building it is!=How beautiful the building is!注：在口语中，感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。例：What a nice present!（省略 it is）How disappo in ted!（省略 she is）二.祈使句1. 含义：表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、请求或命令等，往往有表示请求、命令、希望、禁止、劝告等意思。2. 特点：一般没有主语，实际上是省略了主语“ You” 句末用感叹号或句号，用降调朗读。 肯定结构都以动词原形开头。3. 句型：肯定句 Do型（以行为动词原形开头）例：Sit down坐下！Stand up 起立！ Be型（以be开头）例：Be