高考英语非谓语动词(总结 改错)VIP

1、扶弱资料（六）非谓语动词所谓非谓语动词，就是指它们不能在句子中单独作谓语。但它们又具有动词的特征，即可以有宾语（如果是及物动词的话）、可以有时态和语态的变化、可以有自己的逻辑主语。同时，它们又具有名词的某些特征，即它们可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。一、动词不定式:动词不定式（时态与语态）：主动式一般式todo完成式tohavedone被动式tobedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing1.作主语:tosaysomethingisonething,todoitisanother.2.作表语:mysuggestionistocarryouttheplanimmediat

2、ely.3.作宾语:hedecidedtobuyacomputer.4.作宾语补足语:mr.smithwantshissontobecomealawyer.注：在let,make,see,notice,hear等动词后面，作宾补的不定式均省去to.如:hemadeafaceandmadeeverybody_(laugh).但是，在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式则要加上to.如:wearemade_(write)acompositioneveryweekbytheteacher.5.作定语:heusedtohavealotofmeetingtoattend.,注：当出现thefirst/sec

3、ond/last/only/best时，常跟不定式作定语hewasthefirstman_(get)toschoolthismorning.6.不定式作状语:toseewhatwouldhappenwestayedthere.二、分词（现在分词和过去分词）（一）v-ing形式（时态与语态）：一般式完成式主动式doinghavingdone被动式beingdonehavingbeendone1._(be)poor,hecouldntgotoschool.2.weareinterestedin_(play)chess.3.thequestion_(discuss)nowisimportant.4.

4、theboywasafraidof_(leave)aloneathome.5._(work)inthecountryforthreeyears,heknewhowtogrowvegetables.注：现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前（二）过去分词（只有一种时态与语态）规则的：v-ed；不规则的（记不规则动词表）1.theboywenthomewithhishomework_(finish).2._(see)fromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.现在分词和过去分词在语态和时间方面有较大区别：现在分词表示的意义是主动的，进行的：thegir

5、lgatheringflowers（正在采花的女孩）过去分词表示的意义是被动的，完成的：theflowersgatheredthismorning（早晨采的花）1.作表语:thenewsisveryexciting./theyareveryexcitedatthenews.2.作定语:dontdisturbthesleepingchild./thearrestedthiefwillbesentencedsoon.英语3.作宾补:helikestositonthebeachandwatchtheseagullsflying./theworklefteveryoneexhausted.注：有些动词

6、如see,hear,feel,notice,watch等既可跟现在分词，也可跟不带to的不定式作复合宾语。它们的区别在于：现在分词着重说明动作正在发生；不定式着重说明动作的全过程isawtheboysclimbingthewall.我看见孩子在爬墙。isawtheboysclimbthewall.我看见孩子爬墙了。4.作状语:theystoodtherewaitingforthebushearingtheknockonthedoor,theystoppedtalking.askedtoworkovertimethatevening,imissedawonderfulfilm.compare:1

7、._(follow)theoldman,wewentupstairs2._(follow)bytheoldman,wewentupstairs.三、动名词（v-ing）1.作主语和表语动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。如：seeingisbelieving./myhobbyiscollectingstamps.注：在“itisnouse(good)”等习惯表达法中，常用形式主语“it”itisnousequarrelingwithher./isitworthwhiletryingagain?2.作宾语在allow,advise,forbid,permit后

8、直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allowadviseforbidpermit名词代词不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式。如：wedontallow_(smoke)herewedontallowanybody_(smoke)here3.作介词宾语haveyougotusedtoworkingonthenightshift（值班）?childrenarefondofreadingdetectivestories.注某些习惯用法中，常省略介词，仅保留动名词heisbusy(in)preparingareport.theyspentalotoftime(in)makingprepara

9、tion.wehadgreatdifficulty/trouble(in)findinghishouse.非谓语动词需要注意的几个问题:（一）、不定式的逻辑主语一般的结构为for+名词+不定式，如：itisdifficultforaforeignertolearnchinese.ifounditimpossible_himtodothejobalone.但在表示人物性格，特征等的形容词后kind,brave,careful,clever,foolish,honest,kind,polite,rude,stupid,wise，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语，如：itwaswiseofhimtodo

10、that.itwasverybrave_himtocatchthethief.（二）、不定式的主动式还是被动式作定语时，当句中出现的名词或代词是不定式动作的执行者时，用主动式ihaveameetingtoattend.theteachergavejohnabooktoread,若不定式动作执行者不是上述情况，而是其他人，用被动态：herearetheclothestobewashed（三）、有些动词虽然既可跟不定式又可跟动名词作宾语，但意义差别较大如；a)remembertodo（记住要做某事）,rememberdoing（记得曾做过某事）b)forgettodo（忘记要做某事）,forget

11、doing（忘记曾做过某事）c)regrettodo（因要做某事感到不安）,regretdoing（因做了某事感到后悔）英语（四）、分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到”都用-ed形式。这类词常见的有：interesting令人感兴趣的-interested感到有趣的；exciting令人激动的-excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的-delighted感到高兴的；disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的（五）、admit,a

12、dvise,avoid,canthelp,consider,delay,deny,escape,enjoy,finish,feellike,imagine,mind,practise,risk,suggest等动词以及所有带介词的短语动词后面只能跟动名词做宾语。theboywasluckyenoughtoescapebeingpunished.（六）、lookforwardto,payattentionto,stickto,devoteto,makecontributionsto,get/beusedto,objectto中的to是介词，因而其后接动名词做宾语，不要误用动词不定式。(1)iml

13、ookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.(2)mr.reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadtosettingupsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.（七）、主动形式表示被动意义动词want,need,require后作宾语的动名词的主动形式。这时句中的动名词与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。例：thetvsetwants(/needs/requires)fixing.=thetvsetwants(/needs/requires)tobefixed.形容词worth后接的v-ing的主动形式。例：thefilmisworthseei

14、ng.某些作表语的形容词（如easy,difficult,hard等）后接的不定式主动形式。例：thisquestioniseasytoanswer.（toanswerthisquestioniseasy.）语法填空-高考真题回顾（一）、全国卷：真题再练：在下列各句空白处填入所给词的正确形式，并说明理由。1.(2015卷i68)yangshuoisreallybeautiful.astudyoftravelers_(conduct)bythewebsitetripadvisornamesyangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.2.(2015卷

15、i70)abercrombie&kent,atravelcompanyinhongkong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_(live)inshanghaiandhongkong.3.(2015卷ii61)theadobedwellings(土坯房)_(build)bythepuebloindiansoftheamericansouthwestareadmiredby4.(2015卷ii64)inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableist

16、heirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout_(use)electricequipment.5.(2015卷ii66)whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough_(cool)thehouseduringthehotday.6.(2014卷i65)buttheriverwasntchangedinafewdaysorevenafewmonths.ittookyearsofwork_(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.

17、7.(2014卷i68)whilethereare_(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthechangesaregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.8.(2014卷ii41)onemorning,iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout_(be)lateforschool.9.(2014卷ii43)thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlo

18、okedveryanxiousand_(disappoint).10.(2014卷ii46)iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused_(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.英语语法填空-强化训练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空：1.weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketballs,_(think)thatallchildrenlikethesethings.(05全国二)2._(face)withadifficultsituation,

19、arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.（05北京春招）3.icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_(go)on.（05北京）4.witheverythingheneeded_(buy),heleftthesupermarket.5.withtoomuchwork_(do),icantgooutwithyou.6.thebuilding_(build)nowwillbearestaurant.7.thebuilding_(build)nextyearwillbearestaurant.8.thebuilding_(build)la

20、styearisarestaurant.9.dontsitthere_(do)nothing.comeandhelpmewiththistable.10.allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoasto_(receive)intimeforchristmas.11.lessons_(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.12.fishingishisfavoritehobby,and_(collect)coinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure.13.eugeneisnever

21、willingtochangehismind.itsnouse_(argue)withhim.14.hewastheonlyforeigner_(get)suchanhonoryesterday.15.icantstand_(work)withjaneinthesameoffice.shejustrefuses_(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.短文错误-高考真题回顾1.(2015新课标卷ii)afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundthat2.(2013新课标卷ii)haveteainthelateafter

22、noonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner.3.(2012新课标卷)mypunishmentlastedayear.meanwhile,ifoundoutthatwithmorepatience,icouldmakemytoystolast.myattitudechangedfromthenon.短文错误-强化训练（1）davidandiwantedgoofftofindhelpbutbillinsistedonstayingnearthecar.（全国卷）（2）davidpointedtoapathwhichhethoughtwouldprobablyl

23、eadingtoavillage.（全国卷）（3）iwentbacktogetdavidandhelpedhimtostoodup.（全国卷）（4）charlesandlindamasondoallofthesethingsaswellasclimbedbuilding.（全国卷）（5）modernpeopleknowmoreabouthealth,havebetterfood,andtoliveinclearersurroundings.（全国卷）（6）theworldhealthorganizationandotherorganizationsareworkingimprovehealth

24、allovertheworld.（7）youpaythecostofsendapostcard，thelibrarianwillwritetoyou.（全国卷）（8）andletyoutoknowwhenthebookyouwanthasreturned（全国卷）（9）iwanttothankyouagainforhavemeinyourhomeforthesummerholidays.（全国卷）（10）ihadalwayswantedreturntothevillageaftermovingaway.（全国卷）（11）itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailw

25、aystationanddrovemetotheirhome.（全国卷）（12）ilookforwardtohearfromyousoon.（全国卷）（13）playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogivesusasenseof.（全国卷）（14）iwasoftenalittletiredafteradaysworkandwatchtvdemandsverylittleeffort.（全国卷）（15）idlikeverymuchcomebutihaveanexaminationonmondaymorning.（北京春季卷）（16）

26、illspendthewholeweekendreadingandprepareforit.（北京春季卷）英语高中英语辅导-基础篇参考答案一、动词不定式:4.如，laugh如，towrite5.toget二、分词（一）v-ing形式1.beingpoor2.playing3.beingdisscussed4.beingleft5.havingworked（二）过去分词finishedseen4.作状语1.following2.followed三、动名词2.smoking;tosmoke需要注意的几个问题:（一）、不定式的逻辑主语for语法填空-高考真题回顾（一）、全国卷：1.conducted2.living3.built4.using5.tocool6.toreduce7.amazing8.being9.disappointed10.tostop语法填空-强化训练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空：1.thinking2.faced3.going4.bought5.todo6.be