江苏牛津中考英语零距离知识梳理与提高训练(8b)

1、江苏牛津中考英语零距离知识梳理与提高训练 初二年级下学期（8B） Unit 1-3 重点词组 in fact 事实上 get married 结婚 move out of 搬出 turn into 变成 light rail 轻轨 play Chin ese chess 玩中国象棋 no ise polluti on 噪音污染 the closi ng of the old airport旧机场的关闭 take off 起飞 land safely 安全着陆 feel a bit Ion ely 感到有点孤独 from time to time 不时的 used to be 过去常常 caus

2、e problems 引起问题 bring many ben efits 带来很多好处 lose on eslivi ng areas 失去居住地 the whole day 整天 as soon as 一就 even though 尽管 look cute 看上去可爱 so that 如此以至于 a fast-food restaura nt 一家快餐店 like apple pies best 最喜欢苹果派 clap our hands 拍手 march across the park 行进穿过公园 can stop tak ing photos 不能停止扌白照 jump out of i

3、t 从里面跳出来 a shi ny golde n silk dress 一件闪光的金色丝裙 match well with 搭配的好 the bow on her left ear 她左耳上的蝴蝶结 wave to the visitors 向游客挥手 the city cen ter of Tokyo 东京市中心 have some Japa nese food 吃些日本菜 show them to you 把它们给你看 remote con trol 遥控 cha nge the cha nnel 换频道 search for in formatio n 搜索信息 word proces

4、s ing 文字处理 send and receive e-mails发送接受电子邮件 write computer program 写电脑程序 at the same time 同时 the all-time favourite game 空前受欢迎的游戏 the main character 主角 lie on the grass 躺在草地上 earn a point 得一分 play the role of 扮演的角色 be sold out 卖完 a set of keys 一组键 floppy disk 软盘 a short. movable line 一条短的移动的线 a flat

5、 piece of plastic 一薄片塑料 hard disk 硬盘 a lot of memory 许多内存 a famous in door theme park 一个著名的室内主题公园 dance to the music so beautifully 和着音乐优美地跳舞 a thirtee n- year-old boy n amed 一个叫的13岁小男孩 move the cursor on the scree n 在屏幕上移动光标 test your kno wledge of En glish grammar and vocabulary测试你英语语法和词汇的知识 语法精讲

6、1. He used to live in the Kowloon Walled City in Hong Kong. 他过去住在香港的九龙城。 used to do something.禾口 be used to doing something. used to do表示过去常常做某事”如： I used to get up at 6 o lock. But now I often get up at 7 o clock. My gran dmother used to be a history teacher in a middle school. be used to doing som

7、ething表示习惯于做某事”如： We are used to reading English very early in the morning. Are you used to livi ng in Beiji ng now? be used to do表示被用来做某事”，主语常常是物。 A knife is used to cut someth ing. Mobile phones are used to com mun icate with other people. 2. We lived together until 佃60 when I got married. 我们一起住直到

8、 I960 年我结婚。 get married 表示结婚”。如：I got married in 1997. marry 可作为及物动词。如：She always wants to marry a rich man. What kinds of men do you want to marry? 3. Has the place changed a lot?那个地方变化大么？ *Cha nge 为不及物动词，意思是变化”。如： Things have cha nged a lot in Suzhou. All of my classmates have cha nged duri ng the

9、se years. * change into 表示 变成某物” 。如： He tried to change iron into gold. Water cha nges into steam after it boils. * cha nge 作为名词。如： Let go to a restaura nt for a cha nge. Great cha nges have take n place in Ch ina. 4. The noise was terrible when the plane took off. 当飞机起飞的时候，噪音是很可怕的。 Take off的意思是“起飞”

10、 ；la nd的意思是“降落”。 Take off还有另一个意思，脱下（衣服）。如： Youd better take off your coat because it too hot. 5. Many of them have moved to other areas and I feel a bit lonely from time to time.他们中的很多人已经搬到了另外的地方，有时我觉得有点孤单。 Lonely的意思是“孤独的，寂寞的”。alone的意思是“独自一人”。如： The old man lived alone but he n ever felt Ion ely. Do

11、n feel l on ely. You have our support. from time to time 意为“时不时，时而” ，等于 at times, sometimes。 a bit意为“有一点点”，修饰形容词。如：a bit lonely有一点孤单 a bit of用来修饰名词。如：a bit of music 一点音乐 6. 现在完成时 现在完成时由助动词 have/has后面跟过去分词组成。 现在完成时的两种用法。 (a) 直继续到现在的动作和情况。 我们经常用简单的现在完成时来表示过去开始的动作和情况，这个动作和情况一直 延续到现在。 I have lived in Gr

12、eece since 1976. We have known each other for a long time. (b)已经完成的动作和事情 现在完成时常常用来表示已经全部完结的，过去的动作和事情，只是在过去的事情对 现在仍有意思是才这么用。 The Preside nt has bee n assass in ated. (The preside nt is dead now) I can go on holiday because I have broke n my leg. (My leg is broke n.) 现在完成时常常与不定的时间副词或表示时间的词组连用。如； ever,

13、 never; before; yet; already; all this year; all my life; so far; during the 20th century; recen tly; lately; since; for 等等 请注意，since后面跟着提到某一点时间。而for后面跟着提到一段时间。 She has worked here since 1948. She has worked here for more tha n 50 years. 7. I was excited even though we had to wait for two hours befo

14、re we could get into the house尽管我们在进入房子以前不得不等上两个小时，我还是很兴奋的。 even though 尽管，如： Even though it hard work, I enjoy it. Tom tries his best to study English even though he isn tinterested in it. excited:感到兴奋的，主语是人。 exciting: 另人兴奋的，主语是物。如：a piece of exciting news 类似的还有：interesting; interested ； surprising

15、; surprised 等等 8. She danced so beautifully that everyone screamed. 她跳地如此的好以至于每个人都尖叫起来。 sothat的意思是如此以至于”。如： It was so hard that we had to stop the game. Everythi ng there was so beautiful that I wan ted to live in it. The box is so heavy that no one can move it. He ran so fast that other students co

16、uldn follow him. so后面跟的是形容词或者副词 9. Mum and I went to Hello Kitty s house as soon as we arrived. 妈妈和我一到就去了 Hello Kitty的小屋。 As soon as 意为一就”。如： All of us screamed as soon as we saw the famous star. We started to take photos as soon as we got there. 当主句是将来时时，as soon as引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时。 I will call you a

17、s soon as I arrive in Beijing. Please write to me as soon as you get to Shan ghai. You can see a lovely bag as soon as you ope n that box. 10.过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或发生的事，或者表示过去某一阶段一直 在进行的动作。 1） 过去进行时的基本结构是，was/were+现在分词，否定句是was/were not+现在分词，疑 问句是was/were调到主语前面。如： I was doing my homework at 9 ye

18、sterday evening. My pare nts were watch ing TV at this time yesterday. 2）连词 when , while与过去进行时。 A. 当两个延续性动作同时进行时，可以在两个句子中都用过去进行时，并用“while ”把 它们连接起来。如：My mother was cook ing while my father was readi ng n ewspapers. He was sleep ing while we were playi ng cards. B. 当延续性动作进行的过程中发生了短暂性动作，可以用“when ”或” w

19、hile ”来连接这两 个动作，较长的动作用过去进行时表示，较短的动作用一般过去时表示，whe n和 while ”都可以和延续性动词连用，但短暂性动词只能和when”连用。如： When mother came home, I was cleaning my bedroom.（ 我们不能用 while 替换 when, 因 为come是一个短暂性动词） When Sim on arrived, Millie was readi ng a book. The pho ne rang while I was havi ng my breakfast. Hello Kitty waved to t

20、he visitors while she was dancing to the music. 11. He is a thirteen-year-old boy who loves traveling. 他是一个喜欢旅游的十三岁的小男孩。 a thirteen-year-old boy的意思为“一个十三岁的男孩” 。thirteen-year-old是一个合成的形 容词，year不必用复数，并且这个词一般只能放在名词前面，而thirteen years old则是一 个短语，一般放在 be动词后面，如： He is 13 years old. 从 They have a six-month-

21、old baby at home. ” 这句话中，我们可以知道“The baby is six mon ths old. ”。 与此类似的结构：a two-thousand-word letter ； a ten-day journey 12. How often do you use your computer to search for information? 你多久一次用你的电脑搜索信息？ 意思是查找信息，search for的宾语一般为查找的对象，而不是被查找的人或场所，而 search 的宾语为被查找的人或场所。如：The police searched the woods for

22、 the lost child. 13. A new educational CD-ROM called Around the world in Eight Hours ” has just come out. 一个新的叫做“八小时环游世界”的教育光盘刚刚发行了。 Come out在句中的意思是“发行”，此外，come out还有很多不同的含义 如: * 出现: The stars came out as soon as it was dark. * 传开： The news came out that the king was very ill. * （照片）冲印: The photos I

23、 took didn come out. *结果是：The an swer to the sum came out wrong. 14. You will play the role of Itchy Feet .你将扮演“痒痒脚”的角色。 play the role:扮演的角色 play可以组成很多动词词组，如： play cards: We often meet in the new park to play cards and Chinese chess. play football: Do you like play ing football? play the pia no: She

24、 is good at play ing the pia ne. play jokes on: On April Fool Day, we play jokes on our friends and family members. play with fire It is very dan gerous to play with fire, childre n! 15. 被动语态 1） 结构和含义：“ Be +过去分词”表示“被”。通常在被动结构后还可接“by +行 为主体”，说明什么人或什么东西做了某事。 女口： - What is this jumper made of? - It mad

25、e of wool. -这件套头衫是什么料的？-它是用羊毛做成的。 I was asked to meet the head of that compa ny. 我被叫去见见那家公司的领导。 Thousa nds of beaches are polluted. 几千处海滩被污染了。 The door was broken by the naughty boy.门被那个调皮的男孩弄破了。 The door was broke n by a stone.门被一块石头打破了。 2） 不使用被动语态的动词：系动词、happe n、take place、sell well、ha ng （挂）等。 女口

26、： This sweater feels soft. 这件毛衣感觉上去软软的。 When did the traffic accide nt happe n?这起交通事故是什么时候发生的？ Im glad to hear that the cameras made in our factory are sell ing well now. 我高兴地听说我们厂生产的照相机如今的销路很好。 Whose coat is hanging here? 谁的外套挂在了这儿？ 3） 有些词组使用到被动语态中会发生变化。如，make somebody do something （使某人干 某事）,let so

27、mebody do something （让某人干某事）,see somebody do something （看见 某人干某事），hear somebody do something （听见某人干某事）等。以上这些短语在被 动语态中均必须把第二个动词由原形变为动词不定式形式。 女口： The joke made me laugh. 改为被动形式是： I was made to laugh by the joke. People ofte n see him beat his son.改为被动形式是： He is ofte n see n to beat his son. 16. I spen

28、d about two hours a day doing my homework. 我一天花大约两个小时做回家作业。 spe nd（in） doi ng someth ing意思是花（时间、钱）干某事”，后面的动词必须使用动词 的ing形式，介词in可省略。另外，spendon something意思是在某事/某物上花（时 间、钱）”。有时，两者可以替换使用。 女口： My mother spends an hour （in） cooking supper every day. My mother spe nds an hour on supper every day. 我妈妈每天花一小时烧

29、晚饭。 How much will you spe nd （in） decorati ng your new house? How much will you spe nd on your new house?你要在装修新房上花多少钱？ 另外，用于表达花（时间）干某事”的，还有句型It takes somebody （一段时间）to do something. ”；用于表达“花（钱）干某事”的，还有句型something costs somebody （钱）” it costs somebody （钱）to do something或pay （钱）for something ”。 女口： It

30、 takes my mother an hour to cook supper every day. How much will your new house cost you? How much will it cost you to decorate your new house? I will pay much for my new house. 典例解析 1. I have alreadythe magazine for 2 weeks. I must return it to the library today. A. le ntB. boughtC. borrowedD. kept

31、 解析：答案选D。 这是一句现在完成时的句子，表示过去开始持续到现在的行为，for表示一段时间，后 接时间长度，本句的意思应为：这本杂志我已经借了两个星期了。在这样的时间状语为 “ for+时间长度”的句子里，谓语动词要有可持续性，而不能为短暂性动词，因此，本 题只能选D。因为“ lent”，bought”，borrowed均为短暂性动词， 且 bought”，bnt” 与 句义不符。故选D。 下面列出一些短暂性动词的持续性表达： arrive-be inborrow-keepbuy-have fall ill-be ill join-be inleave-be away frombegin-

32、be ondie-be dead 等等 2. -Where are the childre n? -Theyto Beiji ng. A. have bee nB. have gone C. have leftD. have arrived 解析：答案选B。 本题首先可排除 C, D选项。“离开此地去北京”为“leave for Beijing ”到达北京”为 “arrive in Beijing ”.然后再看A， B选项，“ have been to ”意思是“去过某地”，表示 曾经去过某地，现在已经回来或到其他地方，目前人已不在那里。have gone to 意思 是“去了某地“，表示人正

33、去那里或已在去那里的途中。本题中，孩子们不在说话人 所在的地方，所以应该选择 B，表示他们已经去了北京或在去北京的途中。故选B。 3. -has he taught En glish in this school? -For 2 years. A. How longB. WhenC. How soo nD. How ofte n 解析：答案选A。 How long”问的是“一段时间”，这句话的意思是，他在这所学校教英语多久了，回答 为“两年了。” ”How long ”可与现在完成时一起用。”When”问的是一个时间点，可以和 将来时，过去时连用，有时也可以和进行时放在一起用，但“When ”

34、不能和完成时一起 使用。How soon”意思是“多久以后”，用在将来时前面，而“ How often ”问的是一个 频率，可解释为 “多久一次”，回答多为“ Once a week. Twice a month 等等。故选A。 4. -Do you still write to your friends these days? No. But I usedthat whe n I was at school. A. doB. didC. to doingD. to do 解析：答案选D。 本题设计到“used的几个不同用法，be used to doing sth.表示“习惯于做某事” ，u

35、sed to do sth. ”表示“过去常常做某事”，而 be used to do sth.则表示“被用来做某事” 主语多为 sth. ”本题 Used”前面没有be动词，再加上说的是过去我在学校里的事情， 所以采用Used to do sth.”这个词组，整句话的意思就是，当我在学校里的时候，我常常 那么做。故选D。 5. She was veryat then ews. A. surprised; surpris ingB. surprised; surprised C. surpris ing; surprisedD. surpris ing; surpris ing 解析：答案选A

36、。 be surprised at sth.” 表示 对感到惊奇”，主语是somebody”， surprisi ng 表示令人惊奇的”，主语多为omethi ng”，句子的意思是，她对这 个令人惊奇的消息感到很惊奇”。与此想类似的词语还有一些，如“ exciting另人激动的”， “excited感到激动”，又如“ interesting有趣的”，“interested感兴趣的”等等。故选 A。 6. he is only a five-year-old boy, he knows a lot about Chin ese history. A. AlthoughB. BecauseC. S

37、i neeD. But 解析：答案选A。 Although ”意思是“尽管，虽然”，填入符合题意，虽然在中文里“虽然但是” 常成对使用，但在英语中，“ although”和 but”不可同时使用，一句句子里，用了 although就不用“ but”，用了 but就不用 although”同理的还有 “because和 0”。 C选项since有“自从”的意思，也有“因为”的意思，本题中，B , C, D填入句子 都无逻辑关系。故选 A。 7. The girl sat i n A. such; that 解析：答案选 “ sothat the corner B. too; to C。 的意思是

38、 A选项中, 后面带一个从句。 “太以至于不能， 跟动词不定式，因此不能选择 quietlynone of us no ticed she was there. C. so; that D. very; that ,“ so”修饰形容词或副词， B选项中，tooto “如此以至于” Such应该修饰名词， too”可修饰形容词或副词，而to ”后面不能跟从句, B。故选C。 fhat ” 表示 只能 8. of them has arrived. Sohas arrived on time. A. Nobody; noneB. No one; n obody C. None; no one D

39、. None; not any one 解析：答案选C。 nobody和 no one意思都是“没有人”，符合题意，但nobody和 no one都只能 直接做主语，后面不能跟限定范围的of them”，所以A, B选项可以排除，hone”的 意思是 not a single one: 一个也没有,可以指人，也可以指物，后面可以加of sb., 所以综合起来考虑，本题应该选择 C,需要指出的是，none of”后面的谓语动词 形式可以是单数形式也可以是复数形式。故选Co 9. The old men mustpolitely. A. be spoke n B. be spoke n toC.

40、spokeD. speak to 解析：答案选B。 这是一句被动语态的句子，做这题之前先要弄清句子的含义，句子的意思不是老人对别 人说话要有礼貌，而应该是，对老人说话要有礼貌，句子用了被动语态，把“老人”这 个对象强调了一下，那么，我们就可以排除C和D，在A和B中，到底要不要在 be spoken”后面加上 to呢？答案是要的， 因为在主动语态中，Speak to the old men”才 是对老人讲话的意思，那么改成被动语态，这个to”当然是不能省的。故选 B。 10. It is impossiblesuch a little girlit in such a short time. A

41、. to; to finish B. of; finishingC. for; to finish D. with; finish 解析：答案选C。 本题的句型结构为： It is + adj. +for somebody +to do something ”意思是对某人来说， 做某事怎么样”，需要指出的是，这个句型中的形容词多为impossible ”，importa nt ”, difficult ”，hard”，necessary等形容整件事情的词语，在9A中，我们还学到了一个句 型结构：It is +adj. +of somebody +to do something ”，在9A的这个

42、结构里，形容词修饰 的是sb.的特性，常见的有kind, nice, clever, creative, imaginative, smart, humorous 等 等，这两个不同的句型结构特别要引起注意。故选C。 综合练习（A） 听力部分 I根据所听问句，选择最佳回答 （5%） ( )1. A. in teresti ng and colourful B. a garde n C. very big D. very much. ( )2. A. Play badminton B. Film club C. Science D. The sports meet ing ( )3. A. Ye

43、s, at school B. No, I don . C. At home D. Not often ( )4. A. Autumn. B. Spring C. Win ter. D. Summer. ( )5. A. Spring Festival B. New Year C. Hallowee n D. Mid-Autu mn Day II. 根据所听对话，选择最佳回答(5%) B. To climb the hills D. To visit your friends ()6. A. To go out for a school trip. C. To go to have a pic

44、nic ()7. A. She lives near the shopping mall. B. She is ask ing the way to the shopp ing mall. C. She is a good friend of the man. D. She knows the place very well. C. MikeD. Bob B. Jim brother isn there. D. Her bike is broke n. C. 6:30D. 6:45 ()8. A. Tom.B. Jim. ()9. A. She isnwell now. C. She want

45、s to help the boy. ()10. A. 6 o clock B. 7 o clock III. 根据所听短文，选择正确答案(10%) ()11. What did the dog see at the back of the shop? A. the butcher (屠夫) B. a woma nC. ano ther dog D. a lot of meat ()12. What did the dog decide to do? A. buy a piece of meatB. steal (偷)a piece of meat C. walk past the shopD

46、. ask the butcher for a piece of meat 13. What did the dog thi nk he could see in the water? A. ano ther dog that was bigger tha n him C. himself 14. Why did the dog ope n his mouth? A. to talk to the other dog C. to give his piece of meat to the other 15. What do you think of the dog? A. cleverB. s

47、tupid B. ano ther dog with a piece of meat D. two pieces of meat B. to catch his piece of meat D. to take the other dog piece of meat. C. smart D. kind IV.单项选择（15%） （ 1. The Kowloon Walled City has turned _ A. onB. in Hurry up! The playalready! A. has begu n B. will begi nC. begi ns Where is your mo

48、ther?-She C. off a beautiful park. D. into 2. 3. D.began the supermarket to buy some food. 4. A. went toB. has gone to C. has bee n to A: Where Jim? B: Heto Lon do n. D. had gone to A. went The environment D. will go B. has bee nC. has gone in our tow n recen tly. A. improvedB. improvesC. has improv

49、ed 6. Could I have a look at your new bicycle? -Sorry, Iit to Alice. Sheto borrow it this morni ng. A. have lent; cameB. le nd; was coming C. had lent; cameD. have lent; will come 7. Amya book this time yesterday. D. is improvi ng A. was readi ng B. read C. is readi ng D. has read ( ) 8. I m sorry b

50、ut I my book at home. A. forgot B. forget C. left D. leave ( ) 9. I ll tell him the news as soon as he back. A. comes B. come C. came D. will come ( ) 10. Lucy has bike her twin sister s. A. a same; as B. the same; as C. a same; with D. the same; with ( ) 11.Why not orga nize a school trip? A. Good

51、idea. B. That ailsight. C. You re welcome. .D. Never mind. ( ) 12. My son wan ted the final at home and his bags. A. to watch; pack B. watch ing; pack ingC. watch; pack D. to watch; packs ( ) 13. After they arrived at the World Park, theythe coach A. got on; quickly B. got off ; happy C. got on; hap

52、pily D. got off ; quickly ( ) 14. While Suzy on the sofa, the phone rang. A. was sleep ing B. slept C. sleeps D. is sleep ing ( ) 15. The girl is beautifulshe may become a film star whe n she grows up. A. too; to B. such; that C. so; that D. so; to ( ) V. 词型填空（15%） 1. I ll write to you as soon as I（

53、arrive） in Shanghai 2. This piece of music（love） by people all over the world. 3. That kind of pens（sell） well in the shop. 4. I don tknow what（happen）to him just now. 5. This game（desig n） by Thomas Smith in 2004. 6. I have just bought a new computer. It is much faster than the old one. I have boug

54、ht a （打印机）too. It points very quickly. I have a new computer game. It a new （有教育意义的）CD-ROM called Arou nd the world in Eight Hours! ” It sou nds in teresti ng. It is （设计） by Nancy Jacks on. The main（角色）of this game is Itchy Feet. The questions in the game test your （知识）of English grammar and vocabul

55、ary. So it helps learn English. Every time you answer a question （正确地）,you will get a point. When you have（赚）enough points, a cloud will come down and carry you to a place you have（从未）visited before. When you play this game, you will play the（角色）of Itchy Feet. This game has eight （等级）. VI. 完成句子（15%）

56、 1 昨天当妈妈回到家时，你正在干什么？ 2我已经在苏州市一中读书大约两年了。 3. Hello Kitty的屋子是这样的漂亮以至于我想住在里面。 4. 我过去常常去欧洲旅行。 5 她的裙子和鞋子很相配。 VII. 单句改错 （5%） 1. Sim on will vote for Max because he have a good sense of humour. 2. Beiji ng is one of the largest city in Chi na. 3. Could you give us some advice on how to lear n Physics good?

57、4. I like Guanqian Street in Suzhou and I don like so many people there. 5. Joh n likes to go to school on feet and he does n m ind the rain, either. VII.完型填空（10%） Some people have very good memories and can easily learn quite long poems by heart, other people have1memories and can on ly remember th

58、ings said aga in and aga in. The 2writer Charles Dicke ns （查尔斯狄更斯）said that he could walk dow n 3long street in London, and the n told you the n ame of every4on both sides of the street. Many great men of the world have wonderful memories. A good memory is a great 5 in learning a Ianguage（语言）.Everyb

59、ody learns his own Ianguage by remembering what he hears6 he is a small child. Some children live with their parents in foreign(夕卜国的)countries and they can learn two Ianguages as easily as one. In school it is not so7to learn a foreign Ianguage because students have so8 time for it and they are busy

60、 with other subjects as well. A man s mi()照i相quite like a camera 机)and it takes pictures of9we see, feel, hear, smell and taste. When we take a real picture10a camera there is much work to do before the picture is fini shed and ready to show to our frien ds. In the same way there is much work to do