2020_2021学年高中英语Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountriesGrammar素养课件外研版必修3

1、Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries Grammar 语法精讲语法精讲探究学习探究学习 连词连词 【情境探究【情境探究】 观察上面对话观察上面对话, 并用适当的副词和连词填空并用适当的副词和连词填空: _ there is less poverty, life expectancy is still very low. = There is less poverty, _ life expectancy is still very low. = There is less poverty. _, life expectancy is still

2、 very low. Although but However 【要义详析【要义详析】 连词是连接单词、短语、从句或句子的一种虚词连词是连接单词、短语、从句或句子的一种虚词, 在句中不单独作任何成在句中不单独作任何成 分分, 但大多数连接词都有具体的意义和用法。本模块主要学习表示转折关系的但大多数连接词都有具体的意义和用法。本模块主要学习表示转折关系的 连词连词but, however, although/though, while 等。等。 1. however和和but。 二者词义相同二者词义相同, 意为意为“然而然而; 但是但是”, 都表示转折关系。都表示转折关系。 (1)however

3、用作副词时用作副词时, 意为意为“然而然而; 可是可是; 不过不过”, 用以引出令人吃惊或表示对用以引出令人吃惊或表示对 比的话语比的话语, 可以放在句首、句中或句末可以放在句首、句中或句末, 但要用逗号与其他部分隔开。但要用逗号与其他部分隔开。 *Id like to go with you; however, my hands are full. 我很想和你一起去我很想和你一起去, 可是我太忙了。可是我太忙了。 *She felt ill. She went to work, and tried to concentrate, however. 她病了她病了, 然而然而 她照旧去上班她照旧

4、去上班, 并且尽力集中精力工作。并且尽力集中精力工作。 *(2019江苏高考江苏高考)The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. 然而然而, 问题是这是否是发展中国家最需要的。问题是这是否是发展中国家最需要的。 (2)but用作并列连词用作并列连词, 常用来连接两个并列的句子或一个句子中的两个并列成常用来连接两个并列的句子或一个句子中的两个并列成 分分, 表示强烈的对比、转折表示强烈的对比、转折, 两个并列成分之间可以用逗号隔开两个并列成分之间可以用逗号隔开, 也可

5、以不用也可以不用, but后面不加逗号。后面不加逗号。 *(2018全国卷全国卷) I pay 5 for a portion, but Matt makes them for 26p a portion. 我用我用5英镑买一份食品英镑买一份食品, 而而Matt只用了只用了26便士便做到了。便士便做到了。 *I had invited everyone to come to the party but only a few came. 我邀请了所有我邀请了所有 的人来参加宴会的人来参加宴会, 但是只来了几个人。但是只来了几个人。 【名师点津【名师点津】 however作连词时作连词时, 表示表

6、示“无论如何无论如何, 不管怎样不管怎样”, 相当于相当于no matter how, 引导引导 让步状语从句让步状语从句, 从句可放在主句之前或之后。常构成从句可放在主句之前或之后。常构成: however/no matter how+ adj. /adv. +主语主语+谓语。谓语。 However/No matter how hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. 不管你多么努力不管你多么努力, 如果不减少饭量如果不减少饭量, 减肥很难。减肥很难。 He tr

7、ies his best to solve the problem, however difficult it is. 他尽力解决这个问题他尽力解决这个问题, 不管它有多困难。不管它有多困难。 but作连词还可用于作连词还可用于“Im sorry/Excuse me, but. . . ”句式中表示歉意句式中表示歉意, but本本 身没有意义。身没有意义。 Im sorry, but I cant help you with the problem. 很抱歉很抱歉, 我不能帮你解决这个问题。我不能帮你解决这个问题。 【即学活用【即学活用】用用but和和however填空。填空。 (1)We l

8、augh at jokes, _seldom do we think about how they work. (2)For many years, people have dreamed of electric cars. _, making them has been difficult. (3)(2018浙江高考浙江高考 )We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, _ is it possible to have too much time? (4)(2018浙江高考浙江高考 )_, longer-lasting re

9、usable bags often require more energy to make. but However but However 2. although和和though。 (1)although和和though都是引导让步状语从句的从属连词都是引导让步状语从句的从属连词, 意为意为“尽管尽管, 虽然虽然”, 一般情况下可以互换使用一般情况下可以互换使用, 但但although较正式较正式, 多用于句首多用于句首, 而而though在非正式在非正式 语体中较为普遍。语体中较为普遍。although和和though都不能和并列连词都不能和并列连词but连用连用, 但可以和但可以和yet

10、 或或still连用连用(因为因为yet和和still是副词而不是连词是副词而不是连词)。 *Although he is known to only a few, his reputation among them is very great. 虽然知道他的人不多虽然知道他的人不多, 但他在这些人中名声却很响。但他在这些人中名声却很响。 *(2019全国卷全国卷)Though it may appear simple, it requires a lot of ideas and efforts. 虽然它看起来简单虽然它看起来简单, 但它需要很多想法和努力。但它需要很多想法和努力。 *Alt

11、hough/Though these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now. 虽然这些措施并不能永远有效虽然这些措施并不能永远有效, 但它们目前是至关重要的。但它们目前是至关重要的。 (2)though引导让步状语从句时可用部分倒装形式引导让步状语从句时可用部分倒装形式, 其用法相当于其用法相当于as, 把从句中把从句中 的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首; 若表语是可数名词单数若表语是可数名词单数, 前置时要省略不前置时要省略不 定冠词。定冠词。 *Hot as/though the n

12、ight air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. 夜晚的空气虽然很热夜晚的空气虽然很热, 但因为长途旅行之后很累但因为长途旅行之后很累, 我们睡得很我们睡得很 沉。沉。 *Child though/as she is, she knows a lot. 虽然还是个孩子虽然还是个孩子, 她却懂得很多。她却懂得很多。 【名师点津【名师点津】 (1)though还可以充当副词还可以充当副词, 表示表示“然而然而”, 位于句中或句末位于句中或句末, 相当于相当于however。 although

13、没有此用法。没有此用法。 (2)though引导的从句可以用倒装引导的从句可以用倒装, although引导的从句不可以。引导的从句不可以。 【即学活用【即学活用】 (1)改错。改错。 Though we are poor, but we are still happy. ( ) Try although I might, I couldnt lift the stone. ( ) (2)一句多译。一句多译。 虽然我努力学习虽然我努力学习, 但仍然没有通过考试。但仍然没有通过考试。 _, I still failed my examination. I studied hard, _. _,

14、I still failed my examination. 去掉去掉but althoughthough/as Although/Though I studied hard but I still failed my examination Hard though I studied 3. while的用法的用法 while表示表示“然而然而”时时, 通常连接后半句通常连接后半句, 强调前后内容的对比。强调前后内容的对比。while作连作连 词时用法较多词时用法较多, 主要有以下几种含义主要有以下几种含义: (1)while用作从属连词引导让步状语从句用作从属连词引导让步状语从句, 表示表示

15、“虽然虽然, 尽管尽管”, 可与可与although或或 though替换替换, 此时此时while位于句首。位于句首。 *(2019浙江高考浙江高考)While restaurants throw away tons of food each year, much of it remains inaccessible because of locked garbage containers, health regulations, or business policies. 虽然每年饭店浪费大量食物虽然每年饭店浪费大量食物, 由于上锁的垃圾桶、健康法规由于上锁的垃圾桶、健康法规 或商业政策或

16、商业政策, 无法得到很多扔掉的食物。无法得到很多扔掉的食物。 *While he loves his students, he is very strict with them. 虽然他爱他的学生虽然他爱他的学生, 可是他对他们很严格。可是他对他们很严格。 (2)while作并列连词表转折作并列连词表转折, 强调前后句的对比关系强调前后句的对比关系, 意为意为“然而然而”, 此时此时while不不 能位于句首。能位于句首。 *Waving ones hand is to say “Goodbye”. Nodding the head means agreement, while shaking

17、 it means disagreement. 挥手表示再见。点头表示同意挥手表示再见。点头表示同意, 而摇头表示不同意。而摇头表示不同意。 *Theres plenty of rain in the southeast, while theres little in the northwest. 东南东南 部雨量充足部雨量充足, 而西北部则很少下雨。而西北部则很少下雨。 (3)while引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句, 意为意为“当当时候时候”, 此时此时while相当于相当于during the time that. . . , 从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词的进行时或状态动词从句中的

18、谓语动词通常是延续性动词的进行时或状态动词, 不可用短暂性动词。不可用短暂性动词。 *I learned a lot of French while I was in Paris. 在巴黎时我学了很多法语。在巴黎时我学了很多法语。 【即学活用【即学活用】 (1)(2020天津高考天津高考)You might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book. 译译: _ _ (2)(2018浙江高考浙江高考 )

19、And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today. 译译: _ 当你静静地坐在角落里当你静静地坐在角落里, 拿着一本好书拿着一本好书, 带着你的孩子听半个小时的故事带着你的孩子听半个小时的故事, 你可能会觉得很放松。你可能会觉得很放松。 而且虽然塑料袋可能看起来很难看而且虽然塑料袋可能看起来很难看, 但它们仅占今天地面垃圾的一小部分。但它们仅占今天地面垃圾的一小部分。 (3)(2018全国卷全国卷)Corn pro

20、duction has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. 译译: _ 在过去的在过去的25年中年中, 玉米的产量增长了近玉米的产量增长了近125%, 然而水稻只增长了然而水稻只增长了7%。 课时检测课时检测素养达标素养达标 . 单句改错单句改错 1. He is usually careful. But, this time he made a big mistake. ( ) 2. Although the sun was shining, bu

21、t it wasnt very warm. ( ) 3. Some waste food however others dont have enough to eat. ( ) 4. However it rained hard, they went on hiking. ( ) 5. Child although he is, he knows a lot about electricity. ( ) ButHowever 去掉去掉but howeverwhile HoweverAlthough/Though althoughas/though 6. Sailing in rough wea

22、ther can be very unpleasant. But, we found it exciting. ( ) 7. He is a shy man, so he is not afraid of anything or anyone. ( ) 8. He tried his best to solve the problem, although difficult it was. ( ) ButHowever sobut althoughhowever . 同义句转换同义句转换 1. Although she is clever, she doesnt study very hard

23、. Clever _ she is, she doesnt study very hard. 2. He knew all his friends would be there, but he didnt want to go. He knew all his friends would be there, he didnt want to go, _. 3. While I dont like pop music very much, I think this song by Jay Chou sounds beautiful. _ I dont like pop music very mu

24、ch, I think this song by Jay Chou sounds beautiful. though/as though/however Although/Though 4. Some are for the plan; on the other hand, others are against it. Some are for the plan _ others are against it. 5. We had cold weather during our holiday, though it was already June. We had cold weather d

25、uring our holiday. It was already June, _. 6. We wanted to go out but it rained. We wanted to go out. _, it rained. 7. Cold though it is, Im going out for a walk. _ it is cold, Im going out for a walk. while though However Though/Although 8. While I quite understand why he refused to help her, I cant agree that he was right to do so. _ I quite understand why he refused to help her, I cant agree that he was right to do so. 9. You may be right. However, I still want to do what I planned. You may be right. _ I still want to do what I p