高中英语语法复习：《名词性从句》

1、grammar focus: the attributive clause his job is important. what he does is important. this is his job. this is what he does every day. i dont like his job. i dont like what he does every day. i dont know about the man, mr. white. i dont know about the fact that he is a teacher. noun clauses (名词性从句名

2、词性从句) subject clause (主语从句主语从句) appositive clause （同位语从句）（同位语从句） object clause （宾语从句）（宾语从句） predicative clause （表语从句）（表语从句） 找出各句中的从句并指出是何种从句。找出各句中的从句并指出是何种从句。 1. i dont know if i can do it. 2. what he is doing seems very difficult. 3. the important thing is how we can improve our studies. 4. mr li a

3、lways thinks of how he can do more for the people. 5. the news that she was pretending to be sick was whispered from one to another. 主语从句主语从句 宾语从句宾语从句 表语从句表语从句 同位语从句同位语从句 宾语从句宾语从句 二、时态二、时态 1. 1. 如果如果主句是现在的时态主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时（包括一般现在时 ， 现在进行时，现在完成时），现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根从句的时态可根 据据 实际情况而定实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时

4、，一般过去时，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时 ，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。 vi know he - here.(live) vi know he- here ten years ago.(live) vi have heard that he - tomorrow.(come) lives lived will come 2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时， 过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用 相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去 时，过去进行时

5、，过去将来时，时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成过去完成 时）时） i knew who _ here.(live) i saw she _her mother. (talk) he asked whether his father _ tomorrow. (come back) he said that he _it .(see) lived was talking with would come back had seen 3.3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公当从句是客观真理，定义，公 理，定理时用一般现在时。理，定理时用一般现在时。 三、语序三、语序 从句的语序用从句的语序用陈述语序陈

6、述语序：连：连 接词接词+ +主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +其他成分。其他成分。 1. when will he go to the library? 1 his brother asks when he will go to the library . 2 his brother asks when will he go to the library . 2. what does he want to buy ? 1 i dont know what he wants to buy . 2 i dont know what does he want to buy . 1.i dont know

7、 what is the matter the troublewrong with him. 2 .i dont know who did it. 3. i dont know who is he conjunctions of noun clausesconjunctions of noun clauses( (引导名词性从句引导名词性从句 的关联词的关联词): : 从属连词从属连词 (不作成分）不作成分） 连接代词连接代词 （作成分）（作成分） 连接副词连接副词 （作状语）（作状语） what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever that, whether,

8、 if ,as if/as though when, where, how, why 1._ he wants is a book. 2. _ he wants to go there is obvious. 3.we should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying. 4.he told us _ he felt ill. 5.the result is _ we won the game. what that what that that 6.this is _ we want to know. 7. i have no idea _ he d

9、id that afternoon. 8.the fact_ she works hard is well known to us all. what what that 1.that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只 起连接作用起连接作用。 2. what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句 中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或 表语。表语。 rules 例例1. _we cant get seems better than _we have. a. what; what b. what; that c

10、. that; that d. that; what 例例2. no one can be sure _ in a million years. a. what man will look like b. what will man look like c. man will look like what d. what look will man like 1.whether it is true remains a problem. 2.it remains a problem whether/if it is true. 3. he asked whether/if mary would

11、 attend the ceremony. 4.it depends on whether we have got enough money. 5.the question is whether you should accept it. 1.在由形式主语在由形式主语it引导的主语从句及在引导的主语从句及在vt动词后面动词后面 的宾语从句中，表的宾语从句中，表“是否是否”， whether/if 都可以都可以 用；用； 2.在前置主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和跟在前置主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和跟 在介词后面的宾语从句中，表在介词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否是否”， 只能用只能用 whet

12、her； 3.在在whether or not 和和whether to do 中中whether 不能换成不能换成if rules 6.the question whether hell attend the meeting is important. 7.i didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. 8.i dont know whether/if it is right or not. practice time if / whether 1. i asked her _ she had a bike. 2. i dont know _ he is w

13、ell or not. 3._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 4.it hasnt been decided_we shall attend the meeting. whether/ if whether whether whether / if 5.were worried about _ he is safe. 6. the question is _ he should do it. 7.the doctor can hardly answer the question _ t

14、he old man will recover soon. 8. i dont know _ to go or to stay at home. whether whether whether whether 1. 跟在某些名词后面，对该名词作进一跟在某些名词后面，对该名词作进一 步解释说明。步解释说明。 常用名词有常用名词有belief, fact, idea, hope, news, doubt, result, thought, information, opinion等。等。suggestion, suggest order demand wish等等 2. 常用连词：常用连词：tha

15、t; when, where, why, how 。 3.同位语从句多用同位语从句多用that 引导，无意义，不可引导，无意义，不可 省。省。 e.g. 1.消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他的军队。消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他的军队。 word came word came thatthat napoleon would napoleon would come and inspect his grand e and inspect his grand army. 2.问题是他如何做这件事的。问题是他如何做这件事的。 its the question how he did it. 4.在在have no

16、 idea之后用之后用wh-引导同位语从句引导同位语从句 i have no idea where he has gone. i have no idea when he did it. i have no idea what he did. tell the difference 1.the news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy. 2.the news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming. apposi

17、tive attributive 3.the suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 4.the suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical. appositive attributive 判断判断:定语从句定语从句or同位语从句同位语从句 1.the order that we should send a few people to help t

18、he other groups was received yesterday. 2.the order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 3.the news that he will leave for shanghai is true. 4.the news that we got last week is true. 5.the question that we discussed yesterday is a difficult one. (

19、定语从句定语从句) (同位语从句同位语从句) (同位语从句同位语从句)(定语从句定语从句) (定语从句定语从句) 主语从句主语从句 主语从句有时用主语从句有时用“it”作形式主语，把作形式主语，把 真正的主语放在后面，以避免头重脚真正的主语放在后面，以避免头重脚 轻。轻。 it is known to us that he will come here. it + be + 形容词形容词 that从句从句 it is necessary that 有必要有必要 it is important that . 重要的是重要的是 it is obvious that 很明显很明显 it + be +

20、 -ed分词分词 that从句从句 it is believed that 人们相信人们相信 it is known to us/all that . 众所周知众所周知 it has been decided that 已经决定已经决定 用用it形式主语的形式主语的that从句有以下四种从句有以下四种 不同的搭配：不同的搭配： it + be + 名词名词 that从句从句 it is common knowledge that 是常识是常识 it is a surprise that . 令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是 it is a fact that 事实是事实是 it + 不及物动词不及物动

21、词 that从句从句 it appears that 似乎似乎 it happens that . 碰巧碰巧 it occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起 宾语从句中用宾语从句中用it作形式宾语作形式宾语 (1) we think it our duty that we should help others. (2) i find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days. 注意：如果主句中有形容词或注意：如果主句中有形容词或 名词作宾语补足语时，一般用名词作宾语补足语时，一般用 itit来作形式宾语，把从句放在来作形式宾语，把从句放在 宾补后面。宾补后面。 考查考查it在名词性从句中作形式在名词性从句中作形式 主语或形式宾语的用法主语或形式宾语的用法 例例1. _ is a fact that english is bei