高中英语复合句详解

1、英语复合句 根据结构分 简单句 并列句 复合句 主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 状语从句 Please read the dialogues and recognize the Please read the dialogues and recognize the functions of the Noun Clausefunctions of the Noun Clause (A) Tom: What are you doing? Jack: Im thinking about what I should do? Tom: What do you mean? Jack: Ive g

2、ot a message that my girl friend will come this afternoon. A party was hold here last night, so I must clean the room before she comes. Tom: Take it easy. Id like to help you. Tell me what I can do. Jack: Good guy. Its great that I have a friend like you. Tom: Then, lets begin. 名词性从句 noun clause 主语从

3、句 subject clause 宾语从句 object clause 表语从句 predicative clause 同位语从句 appositive clause 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 。 1. That he will succeed is certain . 2. Whether he will go there is not known . 3. What he said is not true . 4. Where he hid the money is to be found out . 5. Whoever comes is

4、welcome. 请思考？请思考？ 主语从句是在复合句中作主语的从句。通常放在主句主语从句是在复合句中作主语的从句。通常放在主句 谓语动词之前或由形式主语谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句末。代替，而本身放在句末。 主语从句引导词有主语从句引导词有: 连词：连词：that, whether, if; 代词：代词：who(ever), what(ever) , which(ever), whom(ever)；副词：；副词：when(ever) ,where(ever), how(ever), why等等. 主语从句主语从句 v It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平作形式主语代替

5、主语从句，主要是为了平 衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。 vThat he is a famous singer is known to us. v(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.) vWhen he will go to America is not yet fixed. v(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.) 1.It + be + 形容词 that从句 It is necessary / important/ obvious

6、 that 2.It + be + -ed分词 that从句 It is believed that 人们相信 It is known to us all that . 众所周知 It has been decided that 已经决定 3.It + be + 名词 that从句 It is common knowledge that 是常识 It is a surprise that . 令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 事实是 4.It + 不及物动词 that从句 It appears that 似乎 It happens that . 碰巧 It occurred t

7、o me that 我突然想起 1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前即主语在前,谓语在后谓语在后. 例例: 误误: When will he come is not known. 2).连接词连接词that在主语从句中无实际意义在主语从句中无实际意义,但不能省略但不能省略. 例例: 误误: He will not come to the meeting this evening is true. 正正: When he will come is not known. 正正: That he will not come to the meeting this eve

8、ning is true. 主语从句中语序与主语从句中语序与that的省略：的省略： 注意注意 主语从句中的主语从句中的“主谓一致主谓一致”： 3).主语从句通常被看作一个整体主语从句通常被看作一个整体, 主句的谓语动词用单主句的谓语动词用单 数形式数形式. That they will come _certain. 4). What 引导主语从句时引导主语从句时, 主句谓语动词的单复数由表主句谓语动词的单复数由表 语的单复数决定语的单复数决定. What he wants _these books. What he wants _some water. 注意注意 is are is Tran

9、slation 问题是我们是否可以信任他。问题是我们是否可以信任他。 我建议买台大电脑。我建议买台大电脑。 她看起来要哭了。她看起来要哭了。 The question is My suggestion is He looked whether we can rely on him. as if he was going to cry. that we( should)buy a big computer. 请思考？请思考？ 表语从句表语从句 表语从句是在复合句中作表语的从句，位于联系动词之表语从句是在复合句中作表语的从句，位于联系动词之 后。一般结构是后。一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句主语连

10、系动词表语从句”。可接。可接 表语从句的连系动词有表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。另等。另 外，外， 常用的还有常用的还有the reason is that 和和It is because 等结等结 构。构。 引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一 样。样。 e.g. vThe question is _ we can make good preparation in such a short time. vThis is _ we cant get the support of the peopl

11、e. vBut the fact remains _ we are behind the other classes. vThe reason _ he is late for school is _ he missed the early bus. whether/how why that whythat 1. I wondered _ you were so angry. 2. It all depends on _ they will support us . 3. I cant imagine _made him act like that. 4 . Im delighted _I h

12、ave passed the exam. 5. I find it necessary _ we should do the homework. 用适当的连接词填空用适当的连接词填空 why whether what that that 请思考？请思考？ 宾语从句宾语从句 宾语从句是在复合句中作宾语的从句，通常放在主句谓宾语从句是在复合句中作宾语的从句，通常放在主句谓 语动词语动词 (及物动词及物动词) 或介词之后。或介词之后。 宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同。宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同。 vShe did not know what had happened. (

13、作动词的作动词的 宾语宾语) vOur success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. (作介词的宾语作介词的宾语) vI am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. (作形容词的宾语作形容词的宾语) v it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式 宾语，而真正的宾语宾语，而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，从句则放在句尾， 特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 vWe thought it good news that th

14、e fog had finally gone. vWe think it our duty that we should help others. vI find it impossible that he can finish the work in two days. Exercises 1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full A. it B. that C. these D. them 2. I feel _ strange that he should be so careless. A. / B. it C. that D

15、. how 3. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. Awhile B. that Cif Dfor 4 Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back? A. weB. yourselfC. itD. them A B B C 1、当主句动词是现在时或将来时，从句根据自、当主句动词是现在时或将来时，从句根据自 身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。 I know (that) he studies English every day. I know (t

16、hat) he studied English last term. I know (that) he will study English next year. I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. 宾语从句中的宾语从句中的“时态呼应时态呼应” 宾语从句中的宾语从句中的 “否定转移否定转移” 若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为: think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，等， 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，

17、一般要把否 定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。 I dont think he will come here. I dont think the dress fits you well。 1) 宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序。宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序。 2) whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句，都可以引导宾语从句，但但: (1) 当当whether后紧跟后紧跟or not时时, 不用不用if; 例例: I dont know _I will stay or not. (2) 介词后面的宾语从句不能用介词后面的宾语从句不能用if . 例例: I

18、worry about _ I hurt her feeling. 宾语从句注意事项宾语从句注意事项 注意注意 whether whether 3) 引导宾语从句的连词引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义也无实际意义,多数情况下多数情况下 可以省略。但部分情况不可省略。可以省略。但部分情况不可省略。 (1).在主在主+谓谓+it(形式宾语形式宾语)+宾补宾补+that从句中从句中 (真正宾语真正宾语) 的句型中不省略：的句型中不省略： We must make it clear that we mean what we say. (2).由连词由连词and连接的两个由连接的两个由that引导

19、的宾语从句中引导的宾语从句中, that 不省略不省略. He told me that he would come and that he would come on time. 宾语从句注意事项宾语从句注意事项 注意注意 1)The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 3)He got the news from Mary

20、 that the sports meeting was put off. Summary:名词名词news，information， belief，fact，order，hope，idea， answer，doubt，thought，question 等后可跟同位语从句等后可跟同位语从句 同位语从句同位语从句 同位语从句是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词同位语从句是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词 性从句，一般放在名词之后，用以说明或解释前性从句，一般放在名词之后，用以说明或解释前 面的名词。可接同位语从句的名词通常是面的名词。可接同位语从句的名词通常是概括性、概括性、 抽象名词，少为复数，且通

21、常带冠词抽象名词，少为复数，且通常带冠词，常见者有：，常见者有： fact , news , idea , promise, thought , answer, hope, demand, doubt, decision, explanation, suggestion, order, problem, question, remark, reply, report, belief, truth, wish等。等。 Review Noun clause v1.Translation. 1)It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. 2)Mot

22、her asked his son what he had for lunch at school 3)The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 4)We heard the news that our team had won the game! 1. _ he said so made us angry . _ he said at the meeting made us angry. 2. A computer can only do_ you have instructed it

23、 to do. 3. 中国不再是过去的样子了。中国不再是过去的样子了。 4. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. where That What China is no longer _ it used to be . what what (1) They want to know _ do to help us.(1) They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they A. what ca

24、n they B. what they can B. what they can C. how they can C. how they can D. how can they D. how can they (2) Can you make sure _ the gold ring?(2) Can you make sure _ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice putA. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. w

25、here has Alice putC. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put (3) Someone is ringing Mary. Go and see _.(3) Someone is ringing Mary. Go and see _. A. who is he A. who is he B. who he is B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is B C I.语序问题语序问题 D 归纳归纳 在名词性从句中，除了在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句之首关联词在从句之首外，外， 其它部分其它部分应用

26、应用_的语序的语序。陈述 v1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. v2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. v3. The question is _ this book is worth writing. v4. It depends on _ we will have enough money. v5. _ they can do it matters little to us. v6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you. whether

27、/if whether whether whether Whether If a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后 面的宾语从句只能用_，不能用if ； b.后面紧跟 or not 时, 用_. 归纳归纳 whether whether II. If / whether问题问题 (1) _ knowledge comes from practice is known to all. A.WhatB. WhereC. If D. That (2) It makes no difference _ our sports meet will be held this week or next

28、week. A. thatB. eitherC. whether D. when hen (3) I doubt _ he will come soon. (4) I do not doubt _ he will come soon. (5) Do you doubt _ he will come soon? whether / if that that 表示是否时用表示是否时用_,表示肯定时用表示肯定时用_。 归纳归纳 whether /if that III. that 与与whether / if 的选择的选择 1.(09四川四川8 ). News came from the schoo

29、l office _ Xiao Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. A. which B. what C. that D. where 2.(09天津天津9 ). It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future. A. as B. which C. whether D. that 3.(06上海上海)One advantage of playing the guitar is _ it can give you a great de

30、al of pleasure. A. how B. why C. that D. when 高考链接高考链接 同位语从句同位语从句 主语从句主语从句 表语从句表语从句 4.(上海上海01年春季）年春季）What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon A. when B. how C whether D. why 5.(2006江苏江苏) We havent settled the question of_ it is necessary for him to stud

31、y abroad A if B where C whether D that 6.(96 NMET ) _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 表语从句表语从句 宾语从句宾语从句 主语从句主语从句 1.While I was wondering at this, our schoolmaster took his place. ( ) 2. Where there is a will, there is a way. ( ) 3. Now that/Since eve

32、rybody is here, lets begin our meeting. （ ） 4. Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me. ( ) 5. So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. ( ) 6. As long as you dont lose heart, youll succeed. ( ) 7. Try as he might, he could not find a job. ( ) 8. The

33、old lady treats the boy as if he were his own son. ( ) 时间时间 地点地点 原因原因 目的目的 结果结果 条件条件 让步让步 方式方式 九种常用的状语从句及其常用的连接词九种常用的状语从句及其常用的连接词 时间状语从句 when, while, as, before, after, as soon as, till, until, notuntil, the first/second/last time, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantl

34、y, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan where, wherever because, since, as, now that, seeing that, considering that if, unless, now (that), as(so) long as, in case, on condition that, suppose/supposing, provided/providing although, though, even though/if, as, while, no matter which/what/when/wher

35、e/who/how, whichever, wherever, whatever, whoever, whenever, however, whetheror； 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 条件状语从句 让步状语从句 九种常用的状语从句及其常用的连接词九种常用的状语从句及其常用的连接词 结果状语从句 so that, sothat, suchthat so that, in case, for fear that, lest how, as, as if/as though than, asas, not so/asas, the +比 较级, the +比较级 目的状语从句 方式状语从句 比

36、较状语从句 九种常用的状语从句九种常用的状语从句 时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 条件状语从句 让步状语从句 结果状语从句 目的状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 状语从句有九种，状语从句有九种， 时地原因条状补，时地原因条状补， 目比结果方让步，目比结果方让步， 连词引导各不同；连词引导各不同； 主句通常前面走，主句通常前面走， 连词引导紧随后，连词引导紧随后， 从句若在主前头，从句若在主前头， 主从之间有个逗。主从之间有个逗。 1、各种从属连词的含义及用法、各种从属连词的含义及用法 比较；比较； 2、no matter wh- 与与 wh-ever 引引 导的从句的区别；导的从

37、句的区别； 3、状语从句的时态问题；、状语从句的时态问题； 4、状语从句倒装及紧缩问题；、状语从句倒装及紧缩问题； 5、状语从句与其它从句的区别。、状语从句与其它从句的区别。 考点考点难难 点点 1. 时间状语从句时间状语从句 问题问题1: 1. (04北京春) We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started. A. when B. while C. until D. before 2. (02上海) He was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on the

38、shoulder. A. as B. until C. whileD. when 3. (05上海) He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it. A. where B. when C. thatD. until 4. (05福建) Did Jack come back early last night? Yes. It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home. A. Before B. when C. that D. until 5. (0

39、6辽宁) He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears. A. why B. where C. when D. while A A D D B B B B C C 问题问题2: 6. (06天津) The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, _ the quality of life is probably one of the highest. A. since B. when C. as D. while 7.

40、 (04年江苏) _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless 连接词while的用法小结 1. while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从 句动作相对比。如： Please dont talk so loud while others are working. 2. while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。 3. while可表示尽管，相当于although。 D D A A 2、条件状语从句、条件状语从句 问题

41、问题1： 1、The WTO cannot live up to its name _ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. （2000全国） Aas long as BwhileCif Deven though 2、 It is known to all that _ you exercise regularly, you wont keep good health. （05重庆卷） A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if C C A A unless 相

42、当于 if not，意思是“除非”“如果不就”。这 也是高考的热点之一。复习时也应给予高度重视。 问题问题2： 1、_ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. （04北京春季）北京春季） A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if 2、I always take something to read when I go to the doctors _ I have to wait. （05全国卷全国卷3） Ain case Bso tha

43、t Cin orderDas if B B A A as long as 与 as far as 都可引导条件状语从句，as long as 表示“只要”，as far as 表示“就而论（而言）”。 题1根据题意应该选用B。in case 表示“以防”，根据题 2的句意，不难作出选择。 3、让步状语从句、让步状语从句 问题问题1： 1、 _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. （04江苏） A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless 2、Allow children t

44、he space to voice their opinions, _they are different from your own. (05湖南卷） A. untilB. even ifC. unless D. as though A A B B while 是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可 引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。 even if 等于 even though，表示“即使、尽管”。as though 等于 as if，引导方式状语从句，表示“好像、似 乎”。 问题问题2： 1、 He tried his best to solve the probl

45、em, _ difficult it was. （05天津卷） A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although 2、The old tower must be saved, _the cost. （05浙江） Ahowever Bwhatever Cwhichever Dwherever A A B B no matter wh- 与与 wh-ever 的联系及区别：的联系及区别： no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句，此时与 wh-ever通用。 如: No matter when / Whenever he comes back, h

46、e should be invited to the party. wh-ever又可引导名词性从句， No matter wh-不能。如： Whatever I can do for you will be nothing but paying a debt. Whoever can help us will be welcome. 4. 状语从句的时态问题状语从句的时态问题 问题问题1： 1、The house could fall down soon if no one_ some quick repair work. （04全国IV） A has done B is doing C d

47、oes D had done 2、It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. （05北京春季） A. before B. since C. after D. when 在条件，时间和让步从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将 来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时，用一般过去时表过去将 来时。在 since 引导的时间状语从句中，动词一般都用一般 过去时，而主句常用现在完成时。 C C B B 5、状语从句的倒装问题、状语从句的倒装问题 问题问题1： 1、So difficult _ it to live in an English-speak

48、ing country that I determined to learn English. (01 上海) A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel 2、Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. (95 NMET) A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the vil

49、lagers realize 状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况： 否定词开头； so 加 adj. 开头； as / though引导的让步状语从句。 D D A A 特别注意：特别注意： Hardly when No sooner than Child as he is, Hardly had he got to the station when the train left. No sooner had he got to the station than the train left. Child as he is, he can speak seven foreign language

50、s. 6、状语从句与并列句的区别、状语从句与并列句的区别 问题问题1： 1、Though he is in his sixties, _ he works as hard as a young man A. yet B. but C. and D. and yet 2、 Excuse me for breaking in, _ I have some news for you. (NMET02) A. so B. and C. but D. yet 题1是主从复合句，所以中间不能使用并列连词 and; or; but; so 等。yet 是副词，只有 yet 可以与 though 连用。题2为

51、 并列句，而“Excuse , but ”为一固定搭配。在复习中需 要 细心的分析句子结构和成分。 A A C C 1. _ he heard this, he got very angry. 2. I met Lucy_ I was walking along the river. 3. _ a child, he lived in the countryside. A. when B. while C. as 对比训练对比训练 1 1 A A B B C C 1. We were about to leave_ it began to rain. 2. She thought I was talking about her son, _, in fact, I was talking about my son. 3. Hardly had I fini