新课标高中英语选修七Unit4Sharinggrammar共51张

1、Sharing Unit 4 Grammar ?1. To learn the kinds of Attributive Clause. ?2. To learn the usage of who, whose; whom; which; that; how; when; why ?3.Do some practice. Find some sentences in which Attributive Clause is used from reading I. ?1. Ive included some photos which will help you picture the place

2、s I talk about. ?2. The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of windows. ?3. Sometimes l wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students，most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8. ?4. But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did v

3、isit a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe. ?5.When we arrived at the village, Tombes mother, Kiak, who had been pulling weeds in the garden, started crying “Ieee, leee”. 定语从句定语从句 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做 定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行 词。引导定语从句的关系代词有： _. 引导英语从句的关系副词有 ;_ _ which, that, w

4、ho, whom, whose when, how, why。 where, 注：1. 介词提前时一般只用 which 和whom 。 2. whose+ 名词=the+名词+of which/ of whom 先行词先行词 是物 先行词 是人 定定 语 地点地点 状语 时间 状语 原因 状语 主宾主宾 关系 代词 which that who whom whose 关系 副词 where when why 定语从句分类 定定 语语 从从 句句 The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句 The Non-Restrictive Attributive

5、Clause 非限制性定语从句 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句是句 中不可缺少的组成部 分，主句和从句之间 不用逗号隔开 非限定性定语从句是对 主句先行词的补充说明， 没有这种从句不影响主 句意思完整.一般用逗号 把主句和从句分开 引导词：who, whom, whose, which, of which, when, where 等，不用that,不能省 略 引导词： 关系代词和关系副 词，作宾语时一些 关系代词可以省略 关系词的用法：关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1 、作主语用who,which和that,如： He is the

6、 manwho/that lives next door. Thetrainwhich/thathasjustleftis forShenzhen. 2 、作宾语用whom, who,which, that,如： Theman(whom/who/that)wehavejustseen is afamous writer. Whereis thebook(which/that)I boughtlast week? 注：在非正式文体中， 关系代词作宾语 时， 用于指人的who,whom,that和用于指物的 which 和that通常可以省略；但在介词提前 时,或在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词即

7、使作宾语也不可省略。 3、作定语用whose, 如： (a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week. (b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注：注：“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定 语从句中既能作主语（如上 a句），又能作 宾语（如上b句）。whose的先行词常用来 指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象 概念，这时可以与of which结构互换，词序 是：“名词+ofwhich” ，如： Theycametoahousewhoseba

8、ckwallhad brokendown.(=thebackwallofwhich) Heswritten abookthename ofwhichIve completely forgotten. (=whose name ) 4、作表语只用that ，它既可以 指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。 He is no longer the man that he used to be. This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be. 难点:as 引导限定性定语从句，指代被 the same, such, as, so 等修饰的名词 比

9、较： Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句） Dont talk about suchthings asyou dont understand. Were facing the same problems aswe did years ago. It is aspleasant a film asI have ever seen. Here is sobig a stone asno one can lift. (1) 宜用that引导的定语从句 1 ）序数词或最高级形容词修饰先行词时，要用 that 。 The firs

10、t English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Citiesby Charles Dickens. 2) all, everything, nothing, something, anything 等不定代词作先行词时用that。 Everything that we saw in the factory greatly interested us. 3) 人和物合作先行词时，要用人和物合作先行词时，要用that。 We were talking about the persons and things that we remembered in o

11、ur school. 4) 先行词前有the only, the very, the right, the same 等修饰时，要用that。 It is the very skirt that suits me well. 5)在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子 中，要用that。 Whoever that is content with a little progress cant make big achievements. 6) 关系代词在定语从句中作表语只用that。 He is no longer the man that he used to be. This is

12、no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be. (2)宜用which引导的定语从句 1) 当定语从句的介词提前时，要用which 。 The house in which they lived last year has been rebuilt. 2) 引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which 。 He bought a railway ticket for the woman, which helped her a lot. (3)宜用as引导的定语从句 1) 先行词与such, the same连用或先行词本 身就是the same, suc

13、h时，要用as。 Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. Would you like to buy the same pen as I have? 2) 代替整个句子，在从句中作主语，而从 句位于句首时，要用as。 As is well known, the earth goes around the sun. (4) 宜用宜用who引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。 当先行词是人称代词或是those, anyone 等时，常用等时，常用who。 He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a t

14、rue man. Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth. （二）关系副词的用法：（二）关系副词的用法： 1 、when指时间，在从句中作时间状 语，它的先行词通常有： time,day, morning, night, week,year等。如： I still remember the timewhenI firstbecame acollegestudent. Doyou know the date when Lincolnwasborn? 注：when时常可以省略，特别

15、是 在某些句型和某些时间状语中。例 如： Each timehe came , he did his besttohelpus. But help neverstoppedcoming fromthedayshefellill. 2 、where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。 它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house,room, city,town, country 等，如： Thisis thehotelwhere theyarestaying. I forgetthehousewhere theSmiths lived. 注：where有时也可以省略。如： Th

16、is is the place (where) we met yesterday. 3、why指原因或理由，它的先行词只 有reason。 Thatis the reasonwhyhe is leaving so soon. 注：why时常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it. 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1、这三个关系副词在意义上都相当 于一定的介词+which结构： when= on (in, at,during ) + which; where =in(at,on)+ which; why= forwhich.如： e.g.I wasin

17、Beijingonthedaywhen(=on which)hearrived. Theofficewhere (=inwhich)heworksis onthethirdfloor. Thisis thechiefreason why(=forwhich) wedidit. 2 、当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表 地点的place,house等时，一定要注意分 析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时， 关系词应该用which或that ,缺少时间状语 或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试 比较： Ill never forget the day when my hometown

18、was liberated. Ill never forget the days which/thatwe spent together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts. 温馨提示： when 和where既可以引导 限制性定语从句，也可以引导 非限制性定语从句。而why只 能引导限制性定语从句。 1.Ill never forget the days_ we work

19、ed together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the placeI worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visitedten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave. when /in which which where/ in which which why/ for which that/which 几种易混的情况几

20、种易混的情况 及物动词 及物动词 及物动词 1. 根据先行词来确定 This is the pot inwhichI boiled the milk. (boil milk in the pot) Yesterday we had a meeting, at which we discussed many problems. (discuss problems at the meeting) 1979 was the year in which my son was born. (my son was born in the year) This is the place in which I

21、 grew up. (grow up in the place) Thats the reason for which he dislikes me. (dislike me for the reason) (介词的确定方法) 介词介词 + which / whom 2. 根据从句中的谓语动词或形容词来确定 The person towhom I complained is the manager. （complained to the person) The dog, of which he used to be afraid, is her favorite animal now. (be

22、 afraid of the dog) 3. 根据从句所表达的意思来确定 Water, without whichman cant live, is really important. 4. 当介词和从句中的动词构成固定词组时，介 词不能前置 The babies whom the nurses are looking afterare very healthy. 1. 介词 + which / whose + n. I often get up at six, at which timeit is still very dark in winter. He is the man from w

23、hose housethe pictures were stolen. 2. 名词 + of + which / whom This is the lady the son of whomis a famous writer. (= whose son) These people, the majority of whomare farmers, disagreed with the plan. The cake, half of which was eaten, was bought for Lilys birthday. 3. 代词 + of + which / whom 用于非限定性定语

24、从 句中表示数量。这些代词包括： many, much, some, a few, most, all, both, none, either, neither The old man has two sons, both of whomare doctors. There are a lot of books, none of which is mine The two players, neither of whom reached the final, played well. The money, all of which has been given to the Hope proj

25、ect, was collected in the performance. The foreigners, most of whomhave been to China for the first time, come from different countries. 4. 数词 + of + which / whom I bought some books from the bookstore, five of whichwere English novels. In our factory there are 800 workers, 40 percent of whomare wom

26、en. 5. 形容词最高级+of + which / whom There are many islands in China, the largest of whichis Taiwan. She has six children, the cleverest of whom is John. 几点注意事项 1.theway表示方式时，其后的定 语从句有以下几种情况 Canyoutellmetheway (that) yousolvetheproblem. Can you tell me the way in which you solve the problem. 2. 定语从句中的谓语动

27、词定语从句中的谓语动词 要与先行词保持一致要与先行词保持一致 He is one of the studentswho have been abroad. He is the only one of the students who has been abroad. 3. 先行词是时间时，并非都用先行词是时间时，并非都用when 引导的从句来修饰。试比较： Do you still remember the days when there was no electricity? Do you still remember the days (which / that) we spent tog

28、ether? The place where Lu Xun once worked has become a museum. The place (which / that)I visited last week is in Hong Kong. 4. 先行词是地点时，并非都用where 引导的从句来修饰。试比较： 5. 先行词是the reason时，并非都用 why 引导的从句来修饰。试比较： Thats the reason why he was late. Thats the reason (which) he gave me. Complete the sentences with

29、your own words. 1.I made the jar in which _. 2. Painting is an activity that _. 3. The interpreter to whom you _is on holiday. 4. The man who _ is a doctor. 5. The woman whose daughter _ is over there. almost children like to do a golden fish was put will turn for help is shaking hands with him went

30、 abroad last year 练一练练一练 8.The reason why he _ was that he was watching an interview of the first Chinese astronaut on TV. 6.The school where you _has been improved. 7.Anne is doing some research on the time when _. spent your childhood couldnt come to your party the time for lunch come for Answer t

31、he following questions using attributive clauses with the pronouns in the brackets. Compare your answers with your partner. The first one is done for you. ?1. What kind of friend would you like to have (whom) ?2. What kind of place would you like to go to for a holiday? (where) Id like to go to Dali

32、an where there is nice beach. Id like to have a friend whom I can trust. ?3. What story do you enjoy most? (which/ that) I enjoy Jos story most which / that we have learned in the text. ? 4. which musical instrument would you like to learn to play? (which / that ) Id like to learn to play the piano

33、which my father left me. ?5. Why didnt you finish your homework? (why) ?6. what kind of person is she married to ?(to whom) The reason why I didnt finish my homework was that I was ill. A rich man to whom she is married to will come soon. ?7. What sport do you participate in most often? (which/ that) ?8. Which day wont you ever forget? (when) I participate in basketball which is very interesting. Ill never forget the day when we moved to a new flat. Correct mistakes: 1. I saw some trees leaves of which were yellow. 2. Here is