直接引语和间接引语 常艳

1、直接引语和间接引语（一）直接引语和间接引语的含义直接引语别人的原话时，被引用的部分称为直接引语，（即前后要加引号）；用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的部分称为间接引语，间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句，间接引语不用引号。如：John saidIm going to London with my father.约翰说：我要和父亲到伦敦去。（直接引语）John said(that) he was going to Midon with his father.约翰说他要和父亲到伦敦去。（间接引语） (二）直接引语转变为间接引语 1.分类直接引语为陈述句，转变为间接引语时由从属连词that引导（口语中可

2、以省略），主句的动词常用say、tell,repeat,explain,think等，句中的时态、人称、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。如：He said,”I am your fathers friend.” 他说:“我是你爸爸的朋友。” He said that he was my fathers friend.” 他说他是我爸爸的朋友。直接引语是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用陈述语序。其主句动词常用ask、wonder、want to know,in-quire、do not know、be not sure、be puzzled等，句尾不用问号。直接引语为一般疑问句或反意疑

3、问句当直接引语为一般疑问句或反意疑问句时，转变为间接引语，用连词if或whether引导。如：She asked me,Are you Mr Li?她问我：你是李先生吗？She asked me if(或whether) I was Mr Li.她问我是否是李先生。直接引语为选择疑问句转变为间接引语，要用whether引导宾语从句，变为whether. or结构。如：Do you want tea or coffee?he asked.你是想要茶还是咖啡？他问。He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.他问我是要茶还是要咖啡。直接引语为特殊疑问句当直接引语

4、为特殊疑问句时，常变成与原来疑问词同形的连接词引导的宾语从句，用陈述语序,问号转变为句号。如：He said,Where is she going?他说：她要去哪儿？ He asked where she was going.他问她要去哪儿。(3) 直接引语是祈使句直接引语是祈使句，转变为间接引语时，要用不定式表示，使其转变成为ask/tell/order/beg/warn/advise sb(not)to do sth结构。如：He said to her,Dont take the book away.他对她说：不要把那本书拿He asked her not to take the boo

5、k away.他让她不要把那本书拿走。2.变化规则：当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，间接引语的时态要有相应的变化。另外它的人称、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等也要按照主句做相应的改变，规则如下： 时态变化规律一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时一般过去时过去完成时过去进行时过去(完成)进行时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时将来进行时过去将来进行时注意： 当直接引语所述的是客观真理时，在转变为间接引语时时态不变，仍用一般现在时。如：The teacher saidLight travels faster than sound.，The t

6、eacher said that light travels faster than sound.老师说光比声音传播得决。 如果直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的状语，在转变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如：He said to me, I was bom in 1993.He told me that he was born in 1993.他告诉我在1993年出生。 如果直接引语中含有since、when、while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在转变为间接引语时，只改变主句的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：He said to me. I have taught here

7、since I came here.He told me that he had taught here since he came here.他告诉我自从他来到这里就在这里教学c (2)时间状语的适当调整)this week( month)that week(month.) last week ( month)the week (month) before next week (month)the next/following week (month.)nowthen todaythat day yesterdaythe day before tomorrow the next/follow

8、ing day two days agotwo days before tonight that night the day after tomorrow in two days(3) 指示代词的变化this that these those(4) 地点状语的变化 herethere(5) 谓语动词的变化 comego bringtake一、单项选择( )1. -Sam ，do you know if Alice _to my party next week?-I think she will come if she_free. A. comes, is B. comes, will be C

9、.will come, is( )2. -I dont know_the charity show tomorrow. Can you tell me?A.when we start B. when did we start C.when we will start ( )3.Can you tell me_ for the 60th China National Day?A wonderful parade.A. what is going to be heldB. who is going to be invitedC. how much money will be raised( )4.

10、Do you have to hold our English party in the classroom?Well, I dont know_ if not here.A. when can we do it B. when we can do it C.where we can do it( )5.-.Id like to know_.-At 6：30.A. when does your mother usually cook breakfastB. how your mother usually cooks breakfastC. when your mother usually co

11、oks breakfast ( )I dont know if he _ to Kates birthday party.Hes sure to go if he_.A. goes, know B. will go, knows C.goes, will know( )7What did your parrot say, Bill? It asked us_A. what is the weather like todayB. what the weather is like todayC. what does the weather like today( )8.My uncle remem

12、bered_.A. when we moved to the townB. when did we move to the townC. when we move to the town( )9.The teacher asked Lucy_.A. where does she come from B. what did she like bestC.if she could speak Chinese( )10.He doesnt think_rain this afternoon.A. it wont B. its going to C.if its going to( )11.Could

13、 you tell me_?Glad to help.A. if I have been to the Great WallB. where did he studyC. how I can get to the station( )12. Can you see_？No,lets go and have a look. Maybe we can help them.A. what they are doing there B. what was happening there C. what is happening there( )13. You cant imagine_when the

14、 pupils received these nice presents on Childrens Day.A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they( )14. Do you know_the MP3 player last week?Sony. I have no idea.A. how much did she pay for B. how much will she pay for C. how much she paid for( )15. I want to know_his

15、homework yesterday evening.A. if he finished B. whether he had finished C. has she finished ( )16. Nobody knew_.A. where he comes B. where he was from C. where does he come from( )17. He said he_me before., A. has met B. met C. had met( )18. Please tell me_to the science Museum.A. how can we get B.

16、how we can get C. how we can reach( )19. Our teacher said that the moon_around the earth.A. turned B. turn C. turns( )20. Excuse me, can you tell me_?A. why was the train late B. why the train was late C. why the train is late( )21. Who can tell us_about over there?A. what they talk B. what are they talking C.What they are talking( )22. He said that they_Zhangjiajia for a holiday.A. have been to B. had gone to C. has gone to( )23. I was surprised at_.A. what