文学新编大学英语PPT课件

1、Book Four Unit Six Task 1: Risks in jobs Task 2: Risks in entertaining Task 3: Risks in success Risk is the probability of losing something of value. Since we value life above other things, the greatest risk for most people is the risk of death. Other things we value include health, safety, money, p

2、roperty, relationships and happiness. Task 1 Directions: Many jobs involve risks. Some even have several risks. Work in pairs to classify the following list of jobs. coal-miner stockbroker policeman president fireman singer lawyer teacher businessman pilot model writer farmer factory worker psychiat

3、rist chemical engineer computer programmer Physical Risks Financial RisksEmotional Risks coal-miner policeman teacher pilot fireman writer factory worker chemical engineer computer programmer businessman stockbroker farmer writer psychiatrist lawyer president teacher singer psychologist writer model

4、 Task 1 Directions: Though many jobs involve different types of risks, we still have to do it. Watch the video and discuss with your group members the following questions. Do you think people in the video are doing a risky job? Do you wish to run the risk? What do you think is the most risky job? Wh

5、y? Task 1 Task 1 Click to stop and click again to continue Task 2 People nowadays are no longer content to those traditional holiday experiences. They are seeking more thrilling activities. Watch the flash, you will see a kind of exciting but very risky activity. 幻灯放映后在画面上点右键选播放幻灯放映后在画面上点右键选播放 Task

6、2 Directions: Do you like the activity in the flash? Think about the following questions and tell the class your answers. List as many as possible the activities you think are exciting and risky as well. Choose the most risky one and tell why you think so. Do you prefer more traditional one or more

7、thrilling one? Most people can do extraordinary things if they have the confidence or take the risks. Yet most people dont. They sit in front of the telly and treat life as if it goes on forever. Philip Andrew Adams However well organized the foundations of life may be, life must always be full of r

8、isks. Henry Havelock Ellis Task 3 Task 3 Achieving success always involves hard work and risks. With no courage to overcome the difficulties and challenge the risks, there will not be success. Watch the video of a story and tell the story “To Catch The Tiger Cub, One Must Enter The Tigers Lair” to y

9、our classmates in English. And say if Ban Chao hadnt run the risk, what would have happened? To Catch the Tiger Cub, One Must Enter the Tigers Lair Task 3 Click to stop and click again to continue To Catch The Tiger Cub, One Must Enter The Tigers Lair Task 3 Ban Chao was a famous military scientist

10、and diplomat in the Easter Han Dynasty. At the time, the Huns aristocrats grew increasingly powerful. They captured and ruled the wide Western Region, and ruthlessly suppressed the people living there and menaced the Eastern Han Kingdom. Some small countries in the Western Regions feared the Huns, b

11、ut they also did not want to become estranged with Han Kingdom. The emperor of the Han Kingdom dispatched Ban Chao to those countries to establish friendly relations with them. Leading an entourage of 36 men, Ban Chao first reached the state of Shanshan. In the beginning, the king of Shanshan showed

12、 great hospitality. But several days later, the king became hesitant and even cold to Ban Chao. After investigating, Ban discovered that the Huns had also sent an envoy to Shanshan, using both threats and inducement to coerce the king of Shanshan. Ban soon called his men together: “ Now we are in da

13、nger. If the king sought refuge with the Huns, he will betray us and we will be taken prisoners. What do you think we should do now?” His men said resolutely: “Whether we live or die, we will follow you.” So Ban said firmly and decisively: “So how can you catch the tiger cub without entering the tig

14、ers liar? What is left for us to do now is to sneak into the Huns envoys campsite at night, take the Huns by surprise.” That night Ban and his men attached the Huns. They set on fire, and with the help of the wind, they wiped the Huns out in one blow. The next day, Ban explained the whole thing to t

15、he king of Shanshan. The king admired his bravery and wisdom and agreed immediately to establish long-standing friendship with the Han kingdom. This story gave rise to the proverb implying nothing ventured, nothing gained. If one does not enter into the heart of danger, one cannot attain success. In

16、-Class Reading Risks are always a matter of probability rather than certainty. (Para. 1-3) comparison between hypochondria and anxiety about the risks of life: SimilarityDifference Hypochondria Anxiety about the Risks of Life In both cases, the fear or anxiety feeds on partial information. The hypoc

17、hondriac can turn to a physician to get a definitive clarification of the situation. Risks are a matter of probability rather than certainty. We can inform ourselves about the relevant risks before any decision-making by measuring the level of a risk. (Para. 4-7) Conclusion(para.8) It is much more d

18、ifficult when anxiety about other forms of risk is concerned, because with many risks, the situation is not as simple. (Line 15) whensth. is concerned: 就就来说，就来说，就而言；而言； 有时常用有时常用 as far as sth. is concerned 表示。表示。 谈到谈到政策，我得说几句。政策，我得说几句。 As far as policy is concerned, I have to say something. 就就我们我们而言

19、而言,你什么时候走都行。你什么时候走都行。 When were concerned, you can go whenever you want. It is much more difficult when anxiety about other forms of risk is concerned, because with many risks, the situation is not as simple. (Line 15) 但当涉及到但当涉及到其它形式的风险时，事情就要困难得多，因为其它形式的风险时，事情就要困难得多，因为 对许多风险来说，情况并不那么简单。对许多风险来说，情况并不那

20、么简单。 what if？相当于相当于 what would happen if 意为：意为：“如果如果那又怎么办呢？那又怎么办呢？” 如果如果她改变主意不来她改变主意不来怎么办怎么办? 要是要是他妈妈不喜欢这个女孩该他妈妈不喜欢这个女孩该怎么办怎么办？ 如果如果我们对家人和朋友不忠我们对家人和朋友不忠怎么办怎么办？ 他他最后成了最后成了公司的主管。公司的主管。 你要继续行窃你要继续行窃终归得终归得进监狱。进监狱。 一开始我们并不喜欢它，可一开始我们并不喜欢它，可最后最后我们却为之欢呼。我们却为之欢呼。 如果他继续那样开车的话，如果他继续那样开车的话，最后会最后会送命的。送命的。 The pa

21、rty _ of Auld Lang Syne. ended up with the singing youll end up nowhere 请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。 He jumped into the river to save the child but _. ended up trapped by the waterweeds 倘若倘若你的车侧面被撞，你的车侧面被撞，结果你被困在结果你被困在车里，又因安全带装车里，又因安全带装 置遭破坏而无法挣脱，置遭破坏而无法挣脱，那怎么办呢那怎么办呢？ 这是一个简单句，主干结构为这是一个简单句，主干结构为we would find t

22、he relative safety，of引起的介词短语作定语修饰前面的名词引起的介词短语作定语修饰前面的名词relative safety，by dividingin each是句子的方式状语，句首的是句子的方式状语，句首的In the case just discussed为状语，意思是为状语，意思是 “在刚刚讨论的情况在刚刚讨论的情况 中中”。结尾中出现了两个。结尾中出现了两个each都指的是都指的是each activity，“每一每一 项活动项活动”。 以以6除除30，答案为，答案为5。 三十除以六三十除以六等于五。等于五。 在刚才讨论的例子中在刚才讨论的例子中，我们可以，我们可以用

23、用每一项活动中死亡的人数每一项活动中死亡的人数除除 以以参与该活动的总人数，从而找出汽车旅行与采煤的相对安全参与该活动的总人数，从而找出汽车旅行与采煤的相对安全 性。性。 本句是一个主从复合句，从句本句是一个主从复合句，从句Once we understandsafe 中，谓语中，谓语 understand后有两个由后有两个由that引导的并引导的并 列宾语从句，主句列宾语从句，主句we will then seeway中中,动词动词see也带了一个由也带了一个由 that引导的宾语从句，从句的主要结构为引导的宾语从句，从句的主要结构为the issue is notbut rather。 一

24、旦一旦打开书本学习，就不接电话、不看电视、不读报纸了。打开书本学习，就不接电话、不看电视、不读报纸了。 对环境对环境一旦一旦造成破坏，就要花很多年的时间才能使整个系统恢复。造成破坏，就要花很多年的时间才能使整个系统恢复。 一旦一旦我们懂得在任何情况下都不能完全排除危险，因而任何事我们懂得在任何情况下都不能完全排除危险，因而任何事 情都不是绝对安全的，情都不是绝对安全的，我们就会明白我们就会明白问题不在于彻底避免危险问题不在于彻底避免危险 而在于如何理智地对付危险。而在于如何理智地对付危险。 She was allowed to keep the book indefinitely. indef

25、initely (adv.) (Line 10, Para. 1) 那个关键的商务谈判不能被那个关键的商务谈判不能被 无限期无限期地推迟。地推迟。 That key business talk should not be postponed indefinitely. for a period of time without a fixed limit 无限期地无限期地 definite indefinite indefinitely definite adj. clearly known, seen, or stated; without any uncertainty 明确的明确的, ,

26、一定的一定的 Lets fix _ for the next match.a definite date a definite answer 请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。 providing a last decision that cannot be questioned or changed; conclusive 确定的，决定性的，有权威的确定的，决定性的，有权威的 definitive (adj.) (Line 13, Para. 2) The definitive decision The definitive edition 请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。 That

27、department could provide you with _ _. (appraisal) a piece of definitive appraisal partial (Line 12, Para. 2) adj. 1) not complete 部分的，不完全的部分的，不完全的 在那座城堡的顶端可以欣赏在那座城堡的顶端可以欣赏 到城市的到城市的部分景致部分景致。 A partial view of the city can be available at the top of the castle. partial to infml having a strong liking

28、 for ( ( 非正式非正式) ) 过分喜欢，偏爱过分喜欢，偏爱 我非常我非常喜欢喜欢吃甜食。吃甜食。 Im very partial to sweet food. adj. 3) unfairly supporting one person or one group against another 偏向一方的，偏袒的，不公正的偏向一方的，偏袒的，不公正的 was clearly partial toward to keep your judgment away from 请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。 any partial attitudes accidentally (Line

29、26, Para.3) adv. happening by chance, not by plan or intention 偶然地，意外地偶然地，意外地 他他在一个偶然的机会在一个偶然的机会被那位著名导演看中，因此被那位著名导演看中，因此 有机会在一部偶像剧中扮演关键角色。有机会在一部偶像剧中扮演关键角色。 His _ discouraged the whole team. accidental failure The accidental appearance 请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。 形容词形式：形容词形式： accidental adj. happening by chan

30、ce, not by plan or intention 意外的意外的, , 偶然的偶然的 inflate (Line 27, Para. 3) v. 1) to fill with air or gas to make bigger （使）充满气体，（使）膨胀（使）充满气体，（使）膨胀 给那件救生衣给那件救生衣(life jacket)充气充气需要特殊的技巧。需要特殊的技巧。 2) to raise (a price) by inflation 使使通货膨胀通货膨胀 名词形式：名词形式： inflation (n.) 充气，膨胀；通货膨胀充气，膨胀；通货膨胀, (, (物价物价) )暴涨暴涨

31、 otherwise (Line 28, Para. 3) picnic We were going to picnic, but it was so hot that we decided to do otherwise. She said that young contestant would lose, but I thought otherwise. adv. 1) in a different way; differently 不同地不同地 2) apart from that; in other ways （在）其他方面（在）其他方面 请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。 It w

32、as a bit long, but _. 那影片是长了一点儿，那影片是长了一点儿，其它方面倒还不错其它方面倒还不错。 His nephew is noisy, but _. 他的外甥爱吵闹，他的外甥爱吵闹， 但在但在其他方面倒是一个好孩子其他方面倒是一个好孩子。 otherwise a nice boy otherwise it was a good film conj. 3) if not（在不同情况下）否则（在不同情况下）否则 Youd better go now, otherwise youll miss your train. Ive got one more page to wri

33、te; otherwise Ive already finished. reduceto (Line 33, Para. 4) He was reduced from a millionaire to a beggar as a result of taking drugs. 1) bring someone or something to (a lower or weaker state, condition or role) 使某人陷入某种（通常指更坏的）状态或状况中使某人陷入某种（通常指更坏的）状态或状况中 2) change (something) to (its parts); pr

34、esent a problem or subject in (a simplified form) 将某事物概括或简化成某种形式将某事物概括或简化成某种形式 请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。 The earthquake _ _. 地震地震将房屋变成了瓦砾将房屋变成了瓦砾(rubble)。 The presidents speech can _ _. 总统的演讲总统的演讲可以被归纳为三点可以被归纳为三点。 be reduced to three reduced the main points house to rubble accordingly (Line 34, Para. 4) 请完

35、成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。 Please inform us of your decision and _ _. 请告知我们你的决定，请告知我们你的决定，我们将会采取相应的行动我们将会采取相应的行动。 we will act His friends all considered him their leader and _. 他的朋友把他视做领袖并且他的朋友把他视做领袖并且用对待领袖的方式对待用对待领袖的方式对待 他他。 treated him accordingly adv. 1) in a way that is appropriate to the situation 相应地相应地

36、 accordingly 2) as a result of something 因此，从而因此，从而 超级女生李宇春有男孩子的气质，超级女生李宇春有男孩子的气质，因此因此，她能够得到，她能够得到 无数的女歌迷的支持。无数的女歌迷的支持。 有无数的读者对于武侠小说如痴如醉。有无数的读者对于武侠小说如痴如醉。因此因此，金庸先，金庸先 生才能够在当今中国文坛享有很高的地位。生才能够在当今中国文坛享有很高的地位。 There are a great number of readers who are crazy for martial arts novels. Accordingly, Mr. Ji

37、n Yong could enjoy a high status in todays Chinese literature. assess (Line 50, Para. 6) 请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。 The value of that Chen Yifeis painting _ _. 那幅陈逸飞的油画那幅陈逸飞的油画被估价为被估价为50万美元万美元。 was They will go to Beijing to _ _. 他们将前往北京他们将前往北京邀请几位专家来为那些古玩邀请几位专家来为那些古玩(curio) 估价估价。 invite several experts to

38、v. 1) calculate what something costs or is worth 估价，估计估价，估计 assessed at $500,000 assess those curios 2) carefully consider a situation, person, or problem in order to make a judgment 评价，评定评价，评定 现在现在评价评价那部新法规的效果还为时尚早。那部新法规的效果还为时尚早。 在在评价评价别人的时候，不要有任何的偏见。别人的时候，不要有任何的偏见。 名词形式：名词形式：assessment n. 1) 估计估计，

39、估算估算 2) 评估，评价评估，评价 ratio (Line 54, Para. 6) n. a relationship between two things expressed by two numbers or amounts 比，比率，比例比，比率，比例 20比比10相当于相当于2比比1。 那所小学的师生那所小学的师生比例比例是是1比比30。 这一地区，男子人数这一地区，男子人数以三比一超过以三比一超过女子人数。女子人数。 versus (Line 56, Para. 7) prep. (Abbr. v. or vs.) in opposition to or against espe

40、cially in a game of sports （尤指在体育比赛中）（尤指在体育比赛中） 对对，以，以 为对手；与为对手；与相比相比 本赛季的本赛季的NBA总决赛将会总决赛将会在在休斯敦火箭队和底特律活休斯敦火箭队和底特律活 塞队塞队之间展开之间展开。 Its going to be The Huston Rockets versus The Detroit Pistons in this seasons NBA Finals. 有必要对减税带来的好处与民众有必要对减税带来的好处与民众 消费增长所带来消费增长所带来 的好处进行的好处进行对比对比。 Its necessary to wei

41、gh up the benefits of tax cuts versus those of increased public spending. Modern life is full of all manner of threats. Risks are almost always a matter of probabilities rather than certainty. Our uncertainties multiply indefinitely. 现代生活中充满了诸多威胁。 危险几乎总是一个可能而非确定。 我们的疑虑无休止的增加。 Should I wear a seat be

42、lt? 我应该系安全带吗？ Nothing we do is completely safe. The point is to act accordingly. 我们做的事没一件是百分之百安全的。 关键在于见机行事。 In the case just discussed 从刚才讨论的情况看 The latter turns out to be four times riskier than the former. 后者其实比前者危险四倍。 顺译法 倒置法 汉译英长句翻译汉译英长句翻译 进行汉译英长句翻译时，应该先通览原文的大概意思，再弄清楚原进行汉译英长句翻译时，应该先通览原文的大概意思，再弄

43、清楚原 文的句法结构，分析句子各个层次的含义和相互间的逻辑关系，再根据文的句法结构，分析句子各个层次的含义和相互间的逻辑关系，再根据 英语表达特点，正确翻译出原文含义。翻译完毕后，应再次审读译文，英语表达特点，正确翻译出原文含义。翻译完毕后，应再次审读译文， 检查译文的内容是否详尽、结构是否合理、语言是否地道。常见的汉译检查译文的内容是否详尽、结构是否合理、语言是否地道。常见的汉译 英长句翻译技巧有以下几种英长句翻译技巧有以下几种: 合并法合并法 顺译法顺译法 倒置法倒置法 插入法插入法 合并法：合并法： 合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句。英语强调形合，结构较严密，合并法是把若干个短句合并成

44、一个长句。英语强调形合，结构较严密， 因此长句较多。所以汉译英时可采用连词、非谓语动词、定语从句、独立结因此长句较多。所以汉译英时可采用连词、非谓语动词、定语从句、独立结 构等方式把汉语短句连成长句。构等方式把汉语短句连成长句。 中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一， 其余为山脉、森林、湖泊和其他用地。其余为山脉、森林、湖泊和其他用地。 China is a large country with eighty percent of the population engaged in agric

45、ulture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests, rivers and places for other uses. 顺译法：顺译法： 有有些些汉语句子的内容结构与英语表达方式比较一致，在翻译时则可按照汉语句子的内容结构与英语表达方式比较一致，在翻译时则可按照 原文顺序进行翻译。原文顺序进行翻译。 我们喝茶时，我不停地打量着她，看她那纤纤玉手，典雅的举止，亮晶晶的黑眼我们喝茶时，我不停地打量着她，看她那纤纤玉手，典雅的举止，亮晶晶的黑眼 睛，清秀而没有表情的面庞。睛，清秀

46、而没有表情的面庞。 When we had tea, I could not take my eyes from her small, delicate hands, the graceful way she moved, her bright, black eyes, and expressionless clear face. 倒置法：倒置法： 也叫逆序法。有的汉语句子与英语表达习惯不同，甚至完全相反，则翻也叫逆序法。有的汉语句子与英语表达习惯不同，甚至完全相反，则翻 译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。 中国乒乓球大奖赛的最后一天，刘国梁在男子单打比赛中一举夺

47、魁后，干脆利落中国乒乓球大奖赛的最后一天，刘国梁在男子单打比赛中一举夺魁后，干脆利落 地夺得大奖赛的地夺得大奖赛的4项冠军。项冠军。 Liu Guoliang completed a clean sweep of four titles after winning the mens singles championship on the final day of the Chinese Table-Tennis Grand Prix. 插入法：插入法： 即用同位语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成分，用破折号、括即用同位语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成分，用破折号、括 号或前后逗号插入

48、译句中。号或前后逗号插入译句中。 他才三十岁，正处在篮球事业和赚取金钱的鼎盛时期，因此大多数人认为他上周他才三十岁，正处在篮球事业和赚取金钱的鼎盛时期，因此大多数人认为他上周 宣布退役为时过早，宣布退役为时过早，但是根据他的说法，这一决定完全出于自愿，并非是匆忙之但是根据他的说法，这一决定完全出于自愿，并非是匆忙之 举举。 He is thirty and at the height of his performing and earning power, and last weeks announcement of retirement was premature in most peopl

49、es opinions-but it was quite on his willingness, by his own account, not taken hastily. 写作实践 例文: Making the World a Better Place to Live 相关链接 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a passage entitled Making the World a Better Place to Live. You should write at least 120 words

50、 according to the outline given below: 1近年来环境灾害频繁发生；近年来环境灾害频繁发生； 2环境灾害危害严重；环境灾害危害严重； 3保护环境，创造美好家园。保护环境，创造美好家园。 Making the World a Better Place to Live People around the world may feel that environmental disasters have frequently occurred in recent years. Flood and drought in some places are the resu

51、lt of inappropriate human intervention （干预）in the natural environment. Because of pesticide abuse or improper management of metals, some chemicals have been released into the environment through human activities. The earth is plagued （被折磨）with oil leaks, poisonous gas leaks, chemical spills, and oth

52、er environmental disasters as a result of failure in the technological-human management system. Human beings suffer a lot from human-made environmental disasters. The loss of life and property can hardly be measured in monetary terms. What is more, intensified human activities have affected the ecos

53、ystem（生态系统） and induced certain environmental problems. For instance, in some regions, weather patterns are disturbed, droughts, sand storms, or hurricanes（飓风）last longer. Environmental disasters can also result in serious psychological effects on people. Large-scale environmental changes produce a

54、broad range of constraints on human activities, and environmental refugees （难民） are forced to leave their homeland to migrate from environmental disasters. In a word, people in some areas are facing the problem of survival. To reduce environmental disasters around the globe, we should make immediate

55、 and continued efforts. Environmental disasters catch and hold our concern, for they affect us and will affect our later generations. To protect the environment on which we depend for survival, we should advocate sound environmental management, promote environment-friendly technology and focus on po

56、sitive people-environment interactions in order to have sustainable economic development. Our desirable environmental goals will emphasize economic, social, and environmental gains to make the world a better place to live. I. TOEFL作文题目 Directions: You will have thirty minutes to plan and write an es

57、say on the topic given below. Use the first few minutes to read the topic carefully and think about what kind of essay you will write. You may use the space immediately below the essay topic to make notes. Write your essay on the lined pages that follow. You will have enough space if you write on ev

58、ery line and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size. Some say that the world would be a better place now if the automobile had never been invented. Decide if you agree or disagree with this statement and give specific reasons for your decision. II. IELTS作文题目 You should spend no more than 40 minu

59、tes on this task. Many people say that we have developed into a “throw-away society,” because we are filling up our environment with so many plastic bags and rubbish that we cannot fully dispose of. To what degree do you agree with this opinion and what measures can you recommend to reduce this problem? You should write at least 250 words. You should use y