高三英语一轮语法：第05讲 动词和动词短语

1、第五讲动词和动词短语考点一动词词义辨析1(2013湖北高考)While intelligent people can often _ the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.AsacrificeBsubstituteCsimplify Dsurvive解析：选C考查动词辨析。句意：聪明的人常常能把复杂的事情简单化，而愚蠢的人更可能把简单的问题复杂化。根据句意可知，这里用simplify与后面的the simple对应，the complex与后面的complicate呼应。sacrifice“牺牲”；substit

2、ute“代替”；survive“幸存”。2(2013新课标卷)Try not to cough more than you can _ since it may cause problems to your lungs.Acheck BallowCstop Dhelp解析：选D考查动词辨析。句意：尽量不要过多咳嗽，因为咳嗽过多可能引发你的肺部问题。not more than one can help意为“能少尽量少”，符合句意。3(2013浙江高考)A good listener takes part in the conversation, _ ideas and raising quest

3、ions to keep the talk flowing.Arealizing BcopyingCoffering Dmisunderstanding解析：选C考查动词辨析。句意：善于倾听的人在谈话的时候，往往会提出想法和问题，从而使得谈话能流畅地进行下去。offer“提供，主动提出”，符合句意。realize“意识到”；copy“复制”；misunderstand“误解”。考点二动词短语辨析4(2013湖北高考)In much of the animal world, night is the time _ for sleep pure and simple.Aset asideBset

4、downCset off Dset up解析：选A考查动词短语辨析。句意：在很多动物世界里，夜晚完全是用来睡觉的时间。pure and simple“完全是，不折不扣是”。set aside“留出，拨出(时间等)”，符合句意。set down“写下”；set off“出发，引起”；set up“建立”。5(2013湖北高考)Butterflies _ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.Acarry on Bfeed onCput on Dfocus on解析：选B考查动词短语辨析。句

5、意：蝴蝶以花产生的一种甜甜的液体为食，蜜蜂和别的昆虫则采集这种液体。carry on“继续”；feed on“以为食物”；put on“上演，穿上”；focus on“集中(注意力、精力等于上)”。根据句意可知应选B。6(2013辽宁高考)Briggs will _ as general manager when Mitchell retires.Aget away Btake overCset off Drun out解析：选B考查动词短语辨析。句意：米切尔退休时布里格斯将接任总经理职务。take over“接管，接收”，符合句意。get away“脱身”；set off“出发”；run o

6、ut“用完”。7(2013江西高考)Mother always complains that children _ their shoes very quickly.Afind out Bwash outCwear out Dset out解析：选C考查动词短语辨析。句意：母亲总是抱怨孩子们的鞋很快就穿破了。wear out“用坏，(使)磨损”，符合语境。find out“查明”；wash out“把洗掉”；set out“启程，动身”。一、动词词义辨析It is thought by some people that Ebooks might substitute traditional b

7、ooks in the future because of various advantages of Ebooks over paper ones.有些人认为，将来电子书籍可能取代传统书籍，因为电子书籍较纸质书籍有很多优势。The watch was very good, and he paid 20 percent down for it.(2013新课标卷)那块表很不错，他以20%的折扣价买下了它。According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to decline from the age of 27 after reaching

8、 the highest level at 22.(2012浙江高考)根据科学家的研究，我们的智力在22岁达到最高水平后从27岁开始下降。Are you still mad at her?Not really, but I cant deny that her remarks hurt me.(2011江苏高考)你还在生她的气吗？不那么生气了，不过，我不能否认她的话伤害了我。动词词义辨析一直都是高考考查的重点，这类题绝大多数情况下所给的四个选项的含义各不相同，没有关联性，此时考查的是对题干和语境的理解。近三年全国各地高考考查到的还有：sacrifice (牺牲); substitute (代替

9、); simplify (简化); surviveconclude; lead; avoid (避免); holdpersuade(说服); promise; invite; supportopen; narrow; widen; leavemake; turn; take; havesponsor (赞助); launch (发射); organize; plantell; remind (提醒); warn; advise二、动词短语辨析短语动词是由动词与介词、名词或副词结合在一起而组成的。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，有些则相当于不及物动词。1动词副词break down坏掉；分解；垮下来

10、break up 打碎；分解；分手bring down 使降低，使下降come out 出现，出版，结果是cut down 砍倒；削减get over 克服make out 辨认出put away 收起；储存set aside 拨出；置于一旁set off 出发，引爆take off 起飞，腾飞；脱掉take over 接管turn out 结果是，证明是turn down 拒绝，把音量开小work out 解出，进展顺利，锻炼身体figure out 弄清，搞明白Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to enc

11、ourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.(2013安徽高考)传统上，大学生在开始他们的人生旅途之前会举行毕业典礼来鼓励自己。 Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.(2013福建高考)无线网络在灾难中瘫痪的时候，老式电话起到重要作用。点津“动词副词”搭配构成的短语，其宾语若为代词，应放在动词与副词中间。如put it on, think it over。2动词介词break into 破门而入believe

12、 in 信任begin with 以开始come across 偶然碰到depend on 依靠go through 从穿过see to 处理come to 共计look into 调查set about 着手做bring about 引起，导致agree with 同意，适合Im so glad youve come here to see to this matter in person.(2012湖北高考)我很高兴你亲自来这里处理此事。You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree with you, I supp

13、ose. (陕西高考)你气色很好，我想三亚的空气和海鲜肯定适合你。3动词副词介词add up to 加起来；总共break away from 躲开；脱离catch up with 赶上；超过do away with 废除go in for 从事；参加put up with 忍受；容忍get along with 与相处；进展get on with 与相处；进展keep out of 使不进入look forward to 盼望live up to 达到；不辜负get down to 着手做come up with 想出，提出look up to 尊敬get across to 使明白，使清楚

14、He will have to find some other work, for he cant put up with this loud noise any more.他必须找其他工作，因为他再也无法忍受这么大的噪音。A good speaker is supposed to manage to get across to the listeners what he means.一个好的演讲者应该让听众明白他所表达的含义。4动词名词介词catch sight of 突然发现make use of 利用pay attention to 注意make sense of 理解take noti

15、ce of 注意到take the place of 代替take part in 参加take pride in 为自豪make sense of 理解take advantage of 利用make room for 为腾出空间keep up with 与保持联系James took the magazines off the little table to make room for the television.(天津高考)为给电视机腾出空间，吉姆把杂志从这张小桌子上拿走了。The school isnt the one I really wanted to go to, but I

16、suppose Ill just have to make good use of it.这所学校并不是我真正想去的学校，但既然来了，我还是想充分利用它。1.She has_tears because she needs to be “that strong one” and because now it is time to fight, she says, not to mourn.Abrought backBgiven backCheld back Dlooked back解析：选C考查动词短语辨析。句意：她已经抑制住泪水，因为她需要成为坚强的人，她说，因为现在到了战斗，而不是哀悼的时候

17、。hold back“抑制住(泪水、愤怒)”；bring back“拿回来”；give back“归还”；look back“回头看”。2Despite the fact that all three teams _ different approaches to the problem, they were all immediate successes.Aadopted BattainedCadapted Dattached解析：选A考查动词辨析。句意：尽管三个队伍采取了不同的解决方法，但这些方法都立刻奏效了。adopt“采纳，采取”，符合句意。attain“获得，达到”；adapt“(使

18、)适应，调整”；attach“连接，附上”。3(2014武昌调研)For the dance she had been looking forward to for many days, she wore her best clothes that she _ in the closet.Aset down Bset aside Cset out Dset off解析：选B句意：这场舞会她已经期盼好久了，她穿上她留在衣柜中的最好衣服。set aside“留出，拨出”，符合题意。set down“记下”；set out“开始，出发”；set off“出发，引起”。4He became confu

19、sed because the book contains new ideas which _ what he has been taught to believe.Acontradict BassessCacknowledge Dconfirm解析：选A句意：他被弄糊涂了，因为这本书里讲的新观点驳斥了他所学的。contradict“与矛盾，驳斥”，符合题意。assess“评估”；acknowledge“承认”；confirm“证实”。5(2014武汉调研)I have decided to _ some furniture for my living room, but Im at a co

20、mplete loss as to which brand to buy.Adecorate BlaunchCmaintain Dpurchase解析：选D句意：我已经决定为我的起居室添置一些家具，但完全不知道购买什么品牌的家具。purchase“添置，购买”，符合题意。decorate“装饰”；launch“发射”；maintain“维持，维修”。6(2014宜昌调研)They built strong walls along the borders to _ those who wanted to do them harm.Acut out Bput out Cwork out Dkeep

21、 out解析：选D句意：他们沿着边界建起坚实的城墙，不让想伤害他们的那些人入侵。keep out“阻止进入”，符合题意。cut out“删去，裁剪”；put out“熄灭，出版”；work out“制订”。7They worked hard and many saved enough money to buy their own land.In this way they came to _ the sugar industry on many parts of the Queensland coast.Adominate BcontradictCprohibit Daccumulate解析：

22、选A考查动词辨析。句意：他们努力工作，很多人省下了足够的钱买了他们自己的土地，这样他们就控制了昆士兰海岸很多地方的制糖业。dominate“控制，支配”，符合句意。contradict“反驳，与矛盾”；prohibit“禁止”；accumulate“积聚”。8What is most important is facing the hard times, _ the changes, and getting through to the other side where the sun is still shining just for you.Ameeting with Bagreeing

23、withCgoing with Dcoping with解析：选D考查动词短语辨析。句意：最重要的是正视艰难时刻，应对变化，到达太阳仍只为你发光的那一边。这里用cope with表示“对付，应付”。meet with“遇见”；agree with“同意”；go with“伴随”。9(2014湖北七市联考)The Chinese football team had experienced a series of reforms.However, its performances in Shenzhen in October _ all the people, especially the crazy fans.Aknocked down Blet downCpulled down Dbrought down解析：选B考查动词短语辨析。句意：中国足球队已经经历了一系列的改革。然而，它十月份在深圳的表现让所有的人失望，尤其是疯狂的球迷们。let down“使失望”，符合句意。10WikiLeaks foun