英语阅读理解科普环保专题练习及答案及解析

1、英语阅读理解(科普环保)专题练习(及答案)及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类 ）中，选出最佳选项。C和D犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、1 Tablets are really useful devices, but their big screens always make them as a burden to carry around without a bag. Wouldnt it be great if there were a phone with the powers of a tablet that could be folded up and fit n

2、eatly into the hand? Now something like a tablet-shaped but foldable phone is about to become available. In February, South Korean electronics company Samsung and Chinas Huawei both launched foldable phones, the Galaxy Fold and Huawei Mate X respectively. Mobile phone use has entered noted.the oldab

3、le future, The Verge The technology could change our lives in significant ways. These devices, due to their bendable screens, give us the larger screens we want. Meanwhile, they still fit easily into the pocket. As USA Today noted, theyre he combination of a small tablet and smartphone, all in a sin

4、gle device. The technology could change other devices, too. For example, we could make TVs that stick to walls like posters, or fold up easily to hide away in drawers. In crowded modem cities, they will help us to maximize available space. In a keynote address, Samsungs senior vice president of mobi

5、le product marketing, Justin Denison, called the foldable screen he foundation for the smartphone of tomorrow. Its a ) for us to do something beautiful together. he said.画布blank canvas ( So is there nothing to stand in the way of the foldable future? According to tech news website Android Authority,

6、 the necessary displays were difficult to produce. In 2012, nine out of every 10 OLED (二极管) screens produced were imperfect. Today, that 10 percent rate has been improved to between 50 and 90 percent. However, at present these foldable devices are expensive. For example, the price of Huawei Mate X i

7、s 17,500 RMB. Thats a price that few people will be able to afford. But if the foldable device isnt going to change the world overnight, there is no doubt that it is coming. Patrick Moorhead, an industry analyst told The Verge, Few are debating if foldable or 潲汬扡敬洠扯汩?楤灳慬獹愠敲琠敨映瑵牵?景猠慭瑲桰湯獥桴?湯祬焠敵瑳潩?獩眠敨?

8、湡?祢眠潨? What can be the best title for the text? ）（1 B. Foldable age is arriving.A. Screen devices on the market. C. Possible powers of a tablet. D. Foldable screens are imperfect. What can we learn from Justin Denisons words? ）（2 A. The foldable screen has great potential. B. The Galaxy Fold still h

9、as many problems. C. The production of foldable phones will soon increase. D. Companies need to work together to develop foldable phone. What is the problem with foldable phones at the moment? ）（3 A. They are easy to break. B. They are inconvenient to carry. D. They are unaffordable for most familie

10、s.C. They are not as useful as expected. What is the authors attitude toward the future of the foldable screen? 4）（ A. Worried. B. Cautious. C. Positive. D. Unconcerned. B1）【答案】 （ A2）（ D3）（ C 4）（ ”“可折叠手机的时代即将到来。【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了 （1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Wouldnt it be great if there were a phone with the

11、 powers of a tablet that could be folded up and fit neatly into the hand?”如果有一款具有平板电脑功能的手机，可以折叠起来，整齐地放在手里，那不是很棒吗?；以及第二段中的“Now something like a tablet-shaped but foldable phone is about to become available.”现在，类似于 。B平板形状的可折叠手机即将问世。可知本文主题是“可折叠手机的时代即将到来。故选 （2）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Justin Denison, called the f

12、oldable screen the foundation for the smartphone of tomorrow.Its a blank canvas (画布) for us to do something beautiful together.” Justin Denison称可折叠屏幕是“未来智能手机的基础”。“这是一块空白的画布，我们可以一起做一些美好的事情。”“可知，我们能从贾斯汀丹尼森的话中了解到 。A”故选“可折叠屏幕”具有很大的潜力。 （3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“However, at present these foldable devices are ex

13、pensive. For example, the price of Huawei Mate X is 17,500 RMB. Thats a price that few people will be able to afford.”然而，目前这些可折叠设备价格昂贵。例如华为Mate X的价格是17500元人民币。这是一个很少有人能负担得起的价格。可知，目前可折叠手机大多数家 。庭都买不起。故选D （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“But if the foldable device isnt going to change the world overnight, there is n

14、o doubt that it is coming.”但如果这种可折叠设备不能在一夜之间改变世界，那么毫无疑问，它将会到来。可知，作者对可折叠屏幕的未来持的态度是积极 。C的。故选 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正 确答案。 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。和D、犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的AB、C2 Gardeners such as Prince Charles who claim that talking to plants encourages them to gro

15、w have long been seen as a little silly. But scientists have discovered evidence which suggests the Royal may actually be right and they could be listening to him. Biologists at Tel Aviv University in Israel have found that flowers can act as a plants ears to help them detect the sound of approachin

16、g insects. When the researchers played recordings of flying bees to evening primrose flowers, within three minutes the sugar concentrations in the nectar (花蜜) of its flowers increased. The fluid, produced to attract pollinating (授粉) insects, was on average 20 percent higher in flowers sounds. pitche

17、d higher to exposed or silence in left those to compared buzz the to exposed Professor Lilach Hadany, who led the study, said: Our results document for the first time that 汰湡獴挠湡爠灡摩祬爠獥潰摮琠?潰汬湩瑡牯猠畯摮?湩愠?捥汯杯捩污祬爠汥癥湡?慷? However, Prof Hadany said a plants ability to respond to pollinators may be weakened in

18、 city environments or beside a busy road. While plants require water, sunlight and the right temperature to grow, it is widely believed they do not have senses in the way animals do. But the study, published on the open-science website BioRxiv, suggests the efforts of gardeners who talk to their pla

19、nts may not be in vain. Plants ability to hear has implications well beyond pollinationplants could potentially hear and respond to herbivores, other animals, the elements, and possibly other plants, Prof Hadany added. A month-long experiment conducted by the Royal Horticultural Society in 2009 foun

20、d female voices appear to speed up the growth of tomatoes. The research offers a possible explanation womens voices were at the right frequency for the plants to hear. Whats evening primrose flowers response to bees buzz? 1）（ D. Less fluid.B. Sweeter nectar. C. Brighter color. A. Longer bloom. Where

21、 can plants grow better according to Hadany? 2）（ D. Along the street.C. In the woods. A. On a square. B. Beside a highway. What can we infer from the research? ）（3 A. Prince Charles proves kind of stupid. B. Plants can only potentially hear animals. C. Plants respond to sounds slowly and ecologicall

22、y. D. Plants gardeners talk to frequently develop well. What does the text mainly talk about? ）（4 B. Bees are best pollinators.A. Flowers can hear. D. Womens voices improve plants growth.C. Plants cant grow without sound. B1）【答案】 （ C2）（ D3）（ A ）（4 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人与植物的交流可以促其生长。【解析】 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的

23、“When the researchers played recordings of flying bees to evening primrose flowers, within three minutes the sugar concentrations in the nectar (花蜜) of its flowers increased.”可知，蜜蜂飞到夜来香花，在三分钟内其花朵花蜜的糖的浓度会增 。B加，所以花蜜会更甜。故选 （2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“However, Prof Hadany said a plants ability to respond to polli

24、nators may be weakened in city environments or beside a busy road. ”哈达尼教授认为，植物对传粉者做出反应的能力可能会在城市环境或繁忙道路旁减弱。从而推断可知，在丛 。C林里的植物生长得更好。故选 （3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“But the study, published on the open-science website BioRxiv, suggests the efforts of gardeners who talk to their plants may not be in vain.”研究表明，园丁们和

25、他们的植物交谈的努力可能不会白费。从而推断可知，园丁经常与植物交谈，生 。D长得更好。故选 （4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段“Gardeners such as Prince Charles who claim that talking to plants encourages them to grow have long been seen as a little silly. But scientists have discovered evidence which suggests the Royal may actually be right and they could be list

26、ening to him. Biologists at Tel Aviv University in Israel have found that flowers can act as a plants ears to help them detect the sound of approaching insects.”及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述人与植物 。A的交流可以促其生长。故选 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推 理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。 3犇犇阅读下面文章

27、，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳 选项。 My two- and four-year-old boys love to win, whether theyre racing their bikes down the sidewalk or just finishing their snacks. Its true that those with high status, from world leaders and prize winners to athletes and movie stars, are people we like and respect.

28、A recent study published in Nature Human Behaviour showed that we seem to have an innate (天生的) but only if those people arent hurtful toward others.preference for high-ranking peoples Researchers showed toddlers (aged 21 to 31 months) a scene where two puppets (木偶) approached one another from opposi

29、te sides of a stage and one bowed to let the other pass first. Asked which puppet they liked better, 18 of the 21 toddlers in the experiment reached for the puppet who had been allowed to pass. Because respect from others is a marker of status, this even before age three.suggests that children have

30、a preference for those with a higher status However, the results were quite different when two puppets approached one another and one used force to knock the other down before continuing to the other side. In this case, 18 of the 21 toddlers reached for the one who was knocked down. As the researche

31、rs concluded, When approaching others, very young children care not only who wins, but also how. The previous experiment has shown that toddlers know about social status, but this experiment went one step further by proving they have an obvious preference for high status. Since the participants were

32、 so young, this might even be an innate human preference. In a word, this new research suggests that young children appreciate people who do well while at the same time doing good to others. So, when my four-year-old thinks that he has to get his shoes on first, Ill keep reminding him that helping h

33、is brother so they both finish faster is what winning is all about. What do we tend to do according to the first paragraph? ）（1 A.Seek challenges all the time. B.Admire high-ranking people. C.Take advantage of high status. D.Hurt others with offensive words. Why did toddlers prefer the puppet allowe

34、d to pass? ）（2 A.It looked adorable. B.It behaved smartly. C.It seemed polite. D.It was respected. What can we infer from the latter study? ）（3 A.Slower people are better loved by toddlers. B.People naturally dislike unkind behavior. C.Toddlers care little about high social status. D.Being helpful c

35、ontributes to being supported. What should we do when we encourage children to win? ）（4 A.Instruct them to use proper and creative ways. B.Advise them to be as hardworking as possible. C.Remind them to be considerate to other people. D.Tell them to try to cooperate with someone else. B）（1【答案】 D）（2 B

36、3（） C 4）（【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们更倾向于喜欢和尊敬地位高而又无害于 他人的人，这似乎是一种天性，即使是蹒跚学步的孩子也是如此。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“A recent study published in Nature Human Behaviour showed that we seem to have an innate（天生的）preference for high-ranking peoplesbut only if those people arent hurtful toward others.”可知，我们更倾向于敬佩那些地位高的人。 。

37、B故选 （2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Asked which puppet they liked better, 18 of the 21 toddlers in the experiment reached for the puppet who had been allowed to pass. Because respect from others is a marker of status, this suggests that children have a preference for those with a higher statuseven before age thre

38、e.”可知，蹒跚学步的孩子喜欢那个被允许通过的木 。D偶，是因为这种行为代表着受人尊敬，孩子们更喜欢受尊敬的人。故选 （3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“In this case, 18 of the 21 toddlers reached for the one who was knocked down.和Since the participants were so young, this might even be an innate human preference.”可知，孩子们会走向被撞倒的人，而由于孩子太小，甚至可能是人类与 。B生俱来的偏好。由此可推断出，人们天生不喜欢不友善的行

39、为。故选 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“In a word, this new research suggests that young children appreciate people who do well while at the same time doing good to others.”可知，孩子欣赏那些在做好事的同时表现出色的人。由此可推断出，我们鼓励孩子去赢的同时，提 。醒他们要体谅他人。故选C 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，考生需 要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。 犇犇阅读理解4 Act

40、ing is the least mysterious of all crafts, Marion Brando once said. But for scientists, working out what is going on in an actors head has always been something of a puzzle. Now, researchers have said actors show different patterns of brain activity depending on whether they are in character or not.

41、 Dr Steven Brown, from McMaster University in Canada, said, It looks like when you are acting, ) yourself; almost like the character is possessing you. you are suppressing (压制 Brown and colleagues report how 15 actors, mainly theatre students, were trained to take on a Shakespeare role either Romeo

42、or Juliet in a theatre workshop. They were then invited into the laboratory, where their brains were scanned in a series of experiments. Once inside the MRI scanner, the actors were asked to answer a number of questions, such as: would they go to the party? And would they tell their parents that the

43、y had fallen in love? Each actor was asked to respond to different questions, based on two different premises (前提). In one, they were asked for their own perspective, while in the other, they were asked to respond as though they were either Romeo or Juliet. The results revealed that the brain activi

44、ty differed depending on the situation being tested. The team found that when the actors were in character, they use some third-person knowledge or inferences about their character. The team said they also found additional reduction in activity in two regions of the prefrontal cortex (前额皮质) linked t

45、o the sense of self, compared with when the actors were responding as themselves. However, Philip Davis, a professor at the University of Liverpool, was unimpressed by the research, saying acting is about far more than pretending to be someone it involves ) the text and language.embodying (体现 How di

46、d Dr Browns team conduct their research? 1）（ A. By scanning the brain activity of some actors. B. By doing a survey with some theatre goers. C. By interviewing some theatre teachers. D. By consulting some experienced researchers. What is the finding of Dr Browns research? ）（2 A. Acting is not as mys

47、terious as people think. B. Actors brain activity differs when they are acting. C. Acting is far more than pretending to be the character. D. Actors brain activity is more active when they are in character. How did Philip Davis react to the research? 3）（ D. He advocated it.C. He explained it. B. He

48、doubted it. A. He supported it. What is the text mainly about? ）（4 A. A debate of how the brain functions. B. A play written by Shakespeare. C. A research on the brain activity of actors. D. A report of the cooperation of scientists and actors. A）1（ 【答案】 B）（2 B）（3 C ）（4【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项对于演员大脑活动

49、的研究。现在，研究 人员表示，演员的大脑活动模式不同，取决于他们是否扮演角色。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Once inside the MRI scanner, the actors were asked to answer a number of questions, such as: would they go to the party?”一旦进入核磁共振扫描仪，演员们被要求回答一系列问题，比如:他们会去参加派对吗?由此推断出Brown博士的 。A团队是通过扫描一些演员的大脑活动进行他们的研究的，故选 （2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“The results reveal

50、ed that the brain activity differed depending on the situation being tested. The team found that when the actors were in character, they use some third-person knowledge or inferences about their character.”结果显示，大脑活动的不同取决于所测试的情境。研究小组发现，当演员在扮演角色时，他们会使用一些第三人称知识或对角色的推断。由此可知Brown博士的研究发现，演员在表演时 。大脑活动是不同的，

51、故选B （3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However, Philip Davis, a professor at the University of Liverpool, was unimpressed by the research, saying acting is about far more than pretending to be someone it involves embodying (体现) the text and language.”然而，利物浦大学教授Philip Davis对这项研究并不以为然。他说，表演不仅仅是 假装 成某个人，它 。BPhilip Dav

52、is对这项研究持怀疑态度，故选还包括文本和语言的体现。由此推断出 （4）考查主旨大意。第二段中的“Now, researchers have said actors show different patterns of brain activity depending on whether they are in character or not.”现在，研究人员表示，演员的大脑活动模式不同，取决于他们是否扮演角色，是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可 。知这篇文章主要介绍了一项对于演员大脑活动的研究，故选C 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考

53、生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推 理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。 犇犇阅读理解5 A good disguise keeps you hidden, right? Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive a

54、nother day. Those surprising results appear in . Reportsthe journal Scientific Shining iridescent color, which changes depending on the angle from which its viewed, is favored by everything from birds to beetles and blossoms to butterflies. And in our research group we are of course interested in wh

55、y this vivid metallic color is so widespread in nature. Karin Kjernsmo of the University of Bristol adds that in some cases the showy splashes of light are a sexual strategy. Here I would like to point out that in some species, particularly those that display strong sexual dimorphism(雌雄两性), such as

56、birds of paradise or some butterflies or fishes, the occurrence of iridescence is most likely driven by sexual selection. For example, in many of these cases it is the males that have these vivid iridescent colors and they use them in mate choice or they use them as a signal to attract mates. But iridescence also shows up in situations where reproduction is not an issue. So what we are studying now is whether natural selection imposed by predation(捕食行为) could explain the occurrence of irid