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1、学习好资料欢迎下载 形容词与副词 、形容词、副词的作用 作用 例示 形 容 词 作定语 a powerful country 作表语:常与系动词 be, get, grow, become, feel, appea,seem, prove, keep , look,smell,taste, sound, turn, rema in等连用。 Our classroom is clean. The weather is getting cooler and cooler. The fish tastesgood. 作宾补 The n ews made every on 由appy. 与疋冠词一起表

2、示某一类人或物,在句 中作主语、宾语。 The rich and the poor live very different lives. 作状语:表示伴随状况、原因、结果等。 He went to bed, cold and hungry. She stared into the dista nee, speechless for a mome nt. 副 词 作状语:通常修饰动词、形容词、副词 或整个句子。 I m veryusy at the moment Luckily , the boy was not injured. 作表语(在be动词后) One of the tyres is

3、down. 作定语(后置) The population here is getting smaller and smaller. 例 句 China is agreat country.(定语) Don tfeel bad. Everything will be a11 right.(表语) She went home tired and hungry.(伴随 状语)匸 Theyleftthedooopen(宾补) Mary was left alonehere.(主补) He runs ver/ast;(状语) I speak English afluently as you do (状

4、语) Nobody wasoffthen.(表语) On my wayhomel met her.疋语) The people hereare very friendly to me.(定语) 、形容词、副词的位置 形容词用来修饰名词,位于名词前作定语,或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则 用来修饰形容词、动词,其他副词或者句子,一般位于形容词之前,动词之后或句子 之首。以下属几种特殊情况,须牢记。 用法说明 例示 形 容 词 (1)单个形容词作前置定语。 a beautiful park 以a-开头的形容词(afraid, alike, alone, asleep awake, alive等)作

5、后置疋语。但匕 带有副词来修饰时,可以用作前置定语。 a ma n afraid (害怕的人) the greatest manalive; the only child awake a fast asleepboy the wide awake soldiers (3)下列形容词作定语修饰名词时要后置: proper(本身),present在场的,出席的), involved(有关的),concerned(相 关的), left(剩下的),objecting(反对的), mentioned(提及的),selected当选的)等。 The studentspresen,出席的学生) The c

6、ost involved所需费用) 形 容 词 (4)用作定语,修饰 something anything, everything, nothing等不疋代词,通常后置。 I have something important to tell you. (5)几个并列的形容词作定语,其语序通常 为:限定语(the , a) +描绘性形容词 (beautiful) + size(大小)+ shape(形 状)+ age(年龄、时间)+ color(颜色)+ origin(国 籍、来源)+ material(材料)+ purpose目 的) +名词。可用一句顺口溜来概括:all等冠 代数前置,描大形

7、新颜国材+名词. the first beautiful little arch white Chinese wooden bridge 第一座美丽 的中国小白木拱桥 (6)形容词短语作定语时,一般要放在所修 饰的名词或代词之后。 Students brave enough to take thisadve nture course. Students busy preparing for the final exams . 副 词 (1)几个副词并列作状语时,其顺序较灵活, 但一般是:方式一地点一时间。时间由小 到大排列。 The meeting will be held in the ha

8、ll at 4 o clock tomorrow after noon. (2)频度畐寸词(always, often, usually, never, seldom, hardly, sometimes等)要放在实义 动词之前,be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。 但在简略回答及感叹句中位于be动词前。 Children often go to the park with their pare nts on Sun days. He is always ready to help others I will never forget that day. How hard worki ng he

9、always is! 地点副词、时间副词、方式副词常位于句末。 I remember see ing yousomewhere I went to the airport to meet my uncle yesterday. Everythi ng went smoothly. 修饰全句的副词多置于句首。 Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by t he PLA men Happily for her, her stepmother was ki nd to her . 形容词和副词词形相同。 fast, straight, earl

10、y 某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。 frie ndly, lively, lovely. Ion ely, likely, silly, orderly, deadly. 、复合形容词的构成 (1)形容词+名词+ ed kind-hearted好心的,white-haired 白发的 (2)形容词十形容词 red-hot炽热的,dark-blue深蓝的 形容词+现在分词 good-looking 好看的,easy-going 随和的 (4)副词+现在分词 hard-working勤劳的,fast-moving快速转动的 副词+过去分词 hard-w on得来不易的,n ewly-ma

11、de新建的 (6)名词+形容词 life-long终生的,world-famous世界闻名的 (7)名词+现在分词 peace-loving爱好和平的,fun-Ioving 爱开玩笑的 (8)名词+过去分词 sno w-covered 白雪覆盖的,han d-made手 工的 (9)数词+名词+ ed four-storeyed 4 层楼的,three-legged 3条腿的 (10)数词+名词(名词用单数) ten-year 10年的,two-man 两人的 四、几组兼有两种形式的副词 close/closely close意思是近” He is sitting closetome. clo

12、sely意思是仔细地” Watch him closely 1ate/lately late意思是晚” You have come toolate. 1ately意思是 最近” What have you bee n doin glately? deep/deeply deep意思是 深”表示时间和 空间深度 He pushed the stick deep into the mud. He often works deepinto the night. deeply意思是 深深地”,表示感 情上的深度 Even Father was deeply moved by the film . hi

13、gh/highly high表示空间咼度 The pla ne was flyi ng high. highly表示程度,相当于 much I think high1y of your opinion . wide/widely wide表示空间宽度 He ope ned the doorwide. widely意思是广泛地”在许 多地方” En glish is widely used in the world. free/freely free的意思是免费” You can eat free in my restaura nt whe never you like. freely的意思是无

14、限制地” You may speakfreely; say what you like, 五、注意:sothat与 suchthat sothat和suchthat都作 如此以致”解,that引导结果状语从句。常见句 型如下: so+形容词+ that从句 so福寸词+ that从句 such+ a/an(形容词)+单数可数名词+ that从句 such+ (形容词)+复数可数名词+ that从句 such+(形容词)+不可数名词+ that从句 suchthat和sothat有时可以换用,条件是such所修饰的名词必须是一个单 数可数名词,且该名词前还带有表性质的形容词。转变公式如下: Su

15、ch a/ an+形容词+名词=so+形容词+ a/an+名词。例: He is such a good stude nt that we all like him f He is so good a student that we all like him 但是如果是不可数名词或复数可数名词,则只能用such而不能用so修饰.如 It was such bad weather that he had to stay at home 如果复数名词前有 many, few,不可数名词前有 much, little等表示量的形容 词时,该用so而不用such。如: I ve had so many

16、 falls that I m black and . blue all over Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together. 但little不表示数量而表赤 小”的意思时,仍用such。如: They are such little children that they cannot clean the house by themselves 六、形容词和副词的比较等级 形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级,比较级和最高级。 1. 原级的构成和用法 1)构成:形容词,副

17、词的原级形式是形容词,副词的原形。 2)用法:表示双方在程度,性质,特征等某方面相等时, 用“ a+原级形容词或副词+ as”的结构; 表示双方不相等时,用“ not so(a+)原级形容词或副词+ as”的结构; 表示一方是另一方的若干倍时,用倍数+as+原级形容词或副词+ as”的结构。 =倍数+形容词比较级+than +. 例如:Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Liu. This build ing looks not so(as)high as that one Mr Sun speaks En glish as flue ntly as you This r

18、oom is three times as large as that one 2. 比较级和最高级的构成和用法 1)比较级和最高级的构成. 单音节形容词以及少数以-er,-ow结尾的形容词和副词加“er,” “est”例如: great greater greatest n arrow n arrower n arrowest fast faster fastest clever cleverer cleverest 以e结尾的单音节形容词和副词后以及少数以-ble,-ple结尾的双音节形容词和 畐词后,力卩“r,” “ st例如: large larger largest able abl

19、er ablest simple simplex simplest 以一个辅音结尾的单音节形容词,其前的元音字母发短元音时,该辅音字母要 双写,然后加“ er ” ks例如: hot,hotter hottest 以辅音和y结尾的形客词和少数不是形容词加1y构成的词,要将y改为i,再 加“ er ” , : e例如: easy easier easiest early earlier earliest happy happier happiest 一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前加more或most,例如: beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful c

20、arefullymorecarefullymost carefully 少数单音节形容词也加 more和most构成比较级和最高级。例如: tired more tired most tired pleased more pleasedmost pleased 下列形容词,副词的比较级和最高级可有两种构成方法。 cruelcruelercruelest more cruelmost cruel ofte nofte nerofte nest more ofte nmost ofte n strictstricterstrictest more strictmost strict frie nd

21、ly frie ndlierfrie ndliest more frien dlymost frien dly 下列形容词,副词的比较级和最高级的构成不规则。 原级 比较级 最咼级 good, well better best bad, ill,badly worse worst many,much more most little less least far farther; further farthest; furthest old older; elder oldest; eldest 2)比较级的用法 双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用比较级+ the 的结构表示。例如: This

22、 pen is better than that one 表示一方不及另一方时,用“1es+原级+ tha n”的结构表示。例如: This room is less beautiful than that one 表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可以比较级前加表示程度的状语,如 even, a lot, a bit,a litt1e,still,much,far, yet, by far 等修饰.例如: He works even harde,than before. 女口: She is better than she was yesterday比昨天好些了 . Please come

23、earlier tomorrow 请明天早点来。 注意,by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面争如 放在前面,应在二者中间加“ the。如: He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers. 表示一方,随另一方的程度而变化时,用“th比较级(主语+谓语)the+比较级 (主语+谓语)”的结构。例如: The harder he works the happier he feels 不与其它事物相比,表示本身程度的敌变时,用比较级+ and+比较级”的结

24、 构。例如: The weather is gett in g colder and colder The girl becomes more and more beautiful. 某些以-or结尾的形容词进秤比较时,用to代替than.(这些词有inferior, superior,junior, senior,prior 等).例如: He is superior to Mr Wang in Mathematics 在比较从句中为了避句重复,我们通常用that(those),o ne(o nes代替前面出现的 名词。that指物,one只能代替可数名词。例如: The book on t

25、he table is more in terest ing tha n that on the desk A box made of iron is stron ger tha n one made of wood 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型。 (A) A is three (four, etc) times the size(height 1ength, width,etc) ofB.例如: The new building is four times the size(the height) of the old one 这座新楼是那座 旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大

26、三倍高三倍) (B) A is three(four, etc) times as big (high, long,wide, etc. ) as B. 例女口 : Asia is four times as large as Europ亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍。) (C) A is,three (four,etc. )times bigger(higher,1onger wider, etc )than B 例如. Your school is three times bigger than ours你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。(你 们的学校是我们学校的四倍大)。 用time

27、s表示倍数,一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数。表 示两倍可以用twice或double 3) 最高级的用法 三者或三者以上的相比。表示最高程度时,用the+最高级”的结构表示。这种 句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。例如: Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three He works(the) hardest in his class 最高级可被序数词以及 much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means not quite, not really nothing like等词语所修饰。例如: This hat i

28、s by/far/nearly/almost/not nearly/by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest How much did the second most expensive hat coat? 表示”最高程度”的形容词。如excellent, extreme, perfect等,没有最高级,也 不能用比较级。 形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词或代词时,被修饰的词往往省略。 He is the tallest(boy) in his c1ass 作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。例如, Of all the boys he

29、 came (the) earliest 七、形容词与副词比较等级前使用冠词的情况 用法 例示 比 较 级 在of the two结构中,比较级前要 加the,但如果不在of the two结构 中,要注意冠词的使用。后有名词 的时候,前面才有可能有冠词。 Which is larger, Canada Of Australia? Which is the larger country , Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters She is the taller of the two sisters never/ no

30、t+ + a+比较级十名 词 Your story is perfect; Ive never heard a better one before th+比较级(主语十谓语),the+ 比较级(主语+谓语)”的结构中(意 为越越”) The harder you work, the greater progress youll make. 最 高 级 形容词最咼级前必须用疋冠词the, 副词最咼级前口不用。 The shortest boy runs fastest in the 100-meter race. 形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词, 或不加冠词,不表比较,表示 非 常” n is a

31、 most important problem (most=very) The film is most interesting. (most=very) 在形容词最咼级前有物主代词或 名词的所有格时,不用the。 Taiwan is China s largest island He is my best frie nd 八、形容词的比较级和最高级的构成法 单音节和少数一些双音节的形容词,要加词尾-er构成其比较级,加词尾-est构成其最 咼级;多数双音节和多音节的形容词比较级和最咼级分别在原级前加more, most。 一般情况 加-er, -est small smaller small

32、est; talltallertallest 以-e结尾 加-r,-st large larger largest; nice n icer-nicest 以辅音字母+ y”结尾 改y为i,再加-er,-est easy easieeasiest dirtydirtierdirtiest 重读闭音节且以一个 辅音字母表小个辅 双写该辅音字母后 再加-er, -est fat fatter-fattes; thi nthinn er-th inn est 以-ow, -er为结尾 加-er, -est n arrow n arrower n arrowes; clever cleverer cl

33、everest 以-1e为结尾 加-r, -st simple simplersimplest 其他结尾 加-er, -est com moncom monercom mones; quietquieterquietest 在形容词原级前加 more, most beautifulmore beautiful-most beautiful; importa ntmore importa ntmost importa nt 九、畐I词的比较级和最高级的构成法 构成法 例词 大多数副词在原级之前加more和 most分别构成比较级和最高级。 warmlymore warmlymost warmly

34、; quicklymore quickly most quickly 少数单音节的副词,力卩-er和-est 构成具比较级和最咼级。 slow slower slowest; fast faster fastes; early earlier earliest 十、副词 enough的用法 1. enough作副词用来修饰形容词、副词时要放在所修饰词的后面. 例女口:He knows the situati on well eno ugh. He was foolish eno ugh to accept her offer. 注意:主语+谓语 + 形容词 +enough+(for sb.)

35、+to do sth. This house is big eno ugh for three of us to live in . You are old eno ugh to decide by yourself. 2. can not (can never)+do +enough =can not (can never )再也Jb为过.越.越 I can not tha nk you eno ugh 我对你感激不尽. You can n ever be careful eno ugh.=You can not be too careful. 3. enough作形容词常位于名词前或后面均

36、可. I don t hawine eno ugh /eno ugh wine for 5 pers ons. 1一、比较级的特殊用法 1. 运用比较级表达最高级的概念时,常用: 否定词(nevery not)+ a+比较级十名词 e.g I have n ever see n a better film this one . =This is the best film I have ever see n. 但是:A + no +比较级+than +B表示:A同B 一样不 A + not +比较级+than +B表示:A不如B 或以下结构:比较级+than+ any other+单数可数名词

37、 比较级+tha n all( the )other +复数可数名词 比较级+tha n any of the other复数可数名词 比较级+than the rest of复数可数名词/不可数名词 比较级 +tha n anyone else 2. the+比匕较级,the+比较级表示:越越 3. 比较级+and+比较级表示:越.越 4. more than 的含义: 1) more than+名词不仅仅是,不只是,二not only Bamboo can be used for more tha n buildi ng. 2) more tha n+数词多于,大于,超过,=over 3) more tha n+形容词 / 分词非常,十分,=very He is more tha n happy

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