1--句子结构和时态语态

1、精品文档湖北 2013 年英语高考备考【考纲解析】试卷的总体难度适中。 考核的词汇范围在2012 年词汇量的基础上增补了11 个，共 3530个。对“完成句子”的试题指导语表述作了调整。短文写作题的题型示例中的“注意事项”作了调整，删去了“不得照抄英语提示语”，添加了“如引用提示语则不计入总字数”。【备考建议】1、定期坚持听力训练。可选用针对湖北地区的近几年的高考题、仿真题及各市( 区、校) 联考、调考题。有些题的结论往往在该段结束时意思才会明了，考生不要急于下结论。2、单选题部分，考生须熟练掌握考试大纲要求的词汇，并能灵活运用。对于近义词的辨析，一词多义现象，以及对一些发音相似、拼写相似、意

2、思相近、音节偏长、偏复杂的单词尤其要注意区别。3、关于完形填空题，要抓住文章的开头句，猜测全文主要大意。在做题过程中，要根据文章情节的推进， 不断完善对全文大意的理解， 结合作者的意图及考生自己的分析， 加上所掌握的语言知识进行准确的选择判断。4、对阅读理解，考生不需要准确无误地理解文章的每一个单词和每一句话，主要是掌握全篇大意及段落大意。 做题时揣摩作者的写作意图， 要站在作者出题的立场， 并结合文中的重点信息进行选择 ; 尤其要注意较容易出错的题型，如猜词题，给全文加标题，概括段落大意，推断结论等。5、完成句子题主要检测学生对基础知识尤其是句法结构的掌握。学生要做到 “三看” ，一看全句，

3、包括汉语和英语; 二看句子要求，弄清考什么语法结构，如何准确运用括号里所给的关键词进行准确翻译; 三看翻译过后的句子。6、关于书面表达，通常采纳三段式作文：开头、主体、结尾。写作时注意段落之间的自然过渡，恰当运用所学的词汇、短语、从句和特殊句型，使文章更加生动，读起来畅快淋漓。1 欢迎下载精品文档高考语法专题 -1 时态与语态句子结构Analyze sentence structures.1)2)3)4)5)The dish smells good.The sun is rising.She often dreams at night.He left school in 1998.They a

4、ppointed him commander.He bought himself a new suit.They awarded her a special scholarship.Good food keeps you healthy.Itis certainthatpriceswillgo up.Whetherthe game willbe heldis uncertain.Next time you come, please bring your essay.He will do anything as long asit is interesting.He looks as if he

5、 is tired.I amthirsty, for it is hot.I will give you an answer immediately I finish reading your reports.The friend with whom I was travelling spoke French.The reason why he was absent was that he had her leg injured.I wonder if I can take this opportunity.She made it clear that she had nothing to d

6、o with him.The question is when we will leave for Shanghai.We will discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.时态语态写出八种时态及相应的被动语态（我给花浇水）主动被动一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时过去将来完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时。2 欢迎下载精品文档考察要点：（二）分析考察要点1. 看清时间状语（1）一般过去时态：last night/month/year

7、., yesterday, just now, in the past, the other day,two years ago, in 1998, etc.eg:._ （你刚才说的）just now makes him angry.(say)（2）常考的现在进行时态的时间状语有：now, at present或提示词Look! Listen!eg: Look, quite a few patients _(正在被检查 ) in the doctors office at present. (examine)She _（3）常考的现在完成时态的时间状语有：since+ 过去的时间 / 时间状语

8、从句（谓动用一般过去时） , so far, upto now, in the past/last fewyears, never before或时间副词 already, recently/lately, yet, ever , ect.eg:I have known Dr. Jackson since she _the reading club.(join)自从杰克逊医生加入读书俱乐部开始我就认识她了。Never before _ so beautiful a house. (see)我从来没见过这么漂亮的房子。The final exam is coming soon, but so f

9、ar I _ thenotebooks in which I took notes during lessons.(dig)期末考试临近了，可是到目前为止我还没有找出上课做笔记的笔记本。We are glad to see the time we _ the environment inthe past ten years is paying off at last.(devote)我很高兴看到我们在过去十年投入到环保的时间最终得到了回报。注意：by +现在时间现在完成时态by +过去时间过去完成时态by +将来时间将来完成时态eg： By the time the firemen arriv

10、ed at he building, the fire _bythe nearby citizens. (put)到消防队员赶到大楼的时候，火已经被附近的市民扑灭了。By next week we _. (learn)到下周为止，我将已学完2000 个单词。Susan is on vacation in Florida. As she doesnttake much money with her, she_ by the end of her vacation.(spend)我恐怕不能参加下周一下午三点钟的会议。我在那之前早已经坐飞机到纽约了。By the end of last year,

11、_ fun and establish 282confucius Institutes and 272 Confucius Classrooms in 88 countries.(help)到去年底，中国政府已在88 个国家资助并建立了282 个孔子学院和272 个孔子课堂。By the time you arrive home, I _, so please dontmake any。3 欢迎下载精品文档noise when you come in.(sleep)等你到家的时候，我会在睡觉，所以你进来的时候请保持安静。Heexpects_theworkbytheendofnextmonth.

12、(finish)他期望到下个月末为止完成工作。（ 4）常考的一般将来时态的时间状语有： next week/month/year , the following day,tomorrow, tomorrow morning2. 注意汉字提示“了” “在” “正在” “将” “已经” “一直” 等汉字及汉字“被”和单词by 这样就可以确定正确的时态和语态了。eg: At present, lots of food, water, tents and medicine_(正在运往 ) from allover China and other partsof the world to theeart

13、hquake-strickenareas. (transport)3. 熟悉从句特征题目中若有多个句子或从句的出现就表示语境。从句中考察时态一般都注重时态保持一致原则，具体分为以下几个方面：（1）主将从现if / immediately, instantly, the instant,eg:Iwillgiveyouananswer_(我 一 读 完 你 的 报 告 ).(immediately)（2）如果主句是一般过去时态，从句要用过去时的相关时态eg1:Lisaidthenew discovery_( 将 会 有 积 极影 响 )theinvestigation of the dumplin

14、g poisoning case.(impact)eg2:Hetoldusthathisnewnovelonimmigrationworks_ atthe end of the year.(due)他告诉我们他关于农民工的新小说预计在今年年底出版本。eg3: I was informed that the flight _（已经被取消）due to the heavyfog. (call)注意：有三种固定从句常考时态形式。（1）when 引导的时间状语从句be about to do sth.正要做某事的时候突然.beon the pointof doingsth.+when +从句正要做某事

15、的时候突然be doing sth.正在做某事的时候突然.eg:We _( 正要离开 ) when it began to rain.(point)（2）since (自从 ) 引导的时间状语从句It is/ has been +一段时间+ since +从句 ( 谓动用一般过去时)/since +过去的时间eg1: He _(体重增加了 ) since he gave up smoking. (weight)(3) before引导的时间状语从句三年之后我们就会见面的。4 欢迎下载精品文档不到三年我们就会见面的。三年之后我们见面了。不到三年我们就见面了。(4) “一 . 就” 的三个固定从句

16、 , 主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时态。no sooner had than + 从句hardly had when +从句eg; Hardly _(我一下火车 ) when I was met and surrounded bya group of students. (get)我一下火车，一群学生就看到了我并围了过来。No sooner _ the receiver than the telephone rang again.（ put ）我刚放下话筒，电话又响了。No sooner _ out of the conferencehallthan itbeganto rainheavi

17、ly. (walk)我刚一走出会议大厅，就开始下大雨了。4. 辨明客观规律 : 在时态语态中客观真理规律都用一般现在时态，不受主从句的语境限制。The sun _ in the east.(rise)5. 结合主谓一致（ 1） A and B + 谓语动词复数（2） A,as well as，B谓语动词形式与A 保持一致（就前原则）withtogether withbesidesexcept/ butin addition to(3) not only A but also B谓语动词形式与B 保持一致（就近原则）either .or .neither .nor .eg: The scient

18、ist, together with his assistants,_（致力于这一工程）now. (work)6. 加上固定结构It is the first/ second/ thirdtime that +从句（从句中用现在完成时态）It was the first/ second/ third time that +从句（从句中用过去完成时态）eg: It is the first time that _(我看美国小说). (read)It was the first time she _alone at home during theweekend,bored to death. (l

19、eave)那是她第一次被独自留在家中过周末，无聊至极。5 欢迎下载精品文档 It is high/ about time that +从句（从句中用一般过去时态或should + 动词原型）eg: Itis high time thatthey _（忙于猎鹿） now.(hunt)( 三 ) 加上语态eg:As faras I know,_( 不养牛 ) in thisdistrict.(cattle)Theinjuredworkers_ in the hospital.(care)受伤的工人们现在正在医院接受精心治疗。Practice:1. 坚持你的梦想，终有一天你会成功。Stick to

20、your dream and _. (succeed)2. 如果明天下雨，你会取消计划吗？Will you cancel the plan if _? (rain)3. 你练得越多，取得的进步就越大。The more you practice , _. (great)4. 值得赞美的是，他总是帮助别人。To his credit, _ . (always)5. 他们正要放弃时，船长出现了。They were about to give up _. (turn)6. 他正在家里做作业突然听到有人尖叫。_ at home when he heard someone screaming. (do)7

21、. 我原本打算这周去看奶奶的的，但一直都太忙。_ my grandma, but I have been too busy. (intend)8.The news _has caused manypeople to sell their houses atlower prices.(fall)房价将要下跌的消息使很多人以低价卖掉了房子。9. . My mother was so proud of _that she rewarded me with a tripto Beijing. (do)妈妈为我所做的事情感到无比的骄傲以致于他奖励我去北京一游。10. Seldom _videogames

22、 ever sincetheyenteredcollege.（Play ）自从上大学之后他们就很少玩电子游戏了。11. Last night s TV news said that by then the death of the missing people_yet. (prove)昨晚的电视新闻报道说到那时失踪人员已死的事情还没有得到证实。Homework:1. 到下个月五号，这列火车将无事故运行达一千天。Untilthe next5th,thistrain_ for1000 days withoutaccidents.(run)2. 市长宣布： “这栋旧建筑将被拆毁并在原址建一栋新楼。”

23、“The old building_ and a new one willbe builtin itsplace, ”。6 欢迎下载精品文档the mayordeclared. (tear)3. 那部电影获得了巨大的成功，自那以后我在不止八部电影里扮演了警察。The film was a big success and since then I _a policeman inmore than8 films. (part)4. 很抱歉我们迟到了，但车坏了 。 We are sorry to arrive late, but the car_.(break)5. 何时何地建这个工厂还没决定。When and where to build the factory _yet. (decide)6. 几天前我正在街上闲逛突然听到有人叫救命。Theotherday _ when suddenly