(完整版)高考英语改错常见考点大剖析及经典习题

1、高考英语改错常见考点大剖析及经典习题高考短文改错命题焦点：短文改错是全国统一高考中一种综合性很强的试题。 短文改错的文章多采用记叙文， 有时也用说明文。在 100 词左右的短文中设有十个小题，该题的设计形式有四种：1该行错一个词，找出来并改正。2该行多一个词，找出来并去掉。3该行缺一个词，补上一词。4该行没错，不改动。从近几年的高考题来看，这四种形式的考查情况大致为：多一词1 2 处；缺一词1 2处；正确 1 处；错一词5 6 处。这种题说到底是考查用词、词的搭配、词法、句法及语篇中的行文逻辑等各方面的水平。换句话说， 这是一种比较全面的考查。我们在平时的学习中就要注意做到词不离句，句不离篇，

2、要特别注意词的用法、搭配和语法分析能力的培养。平时打好这种基础，就为正确地解题准备了条件。短文改错解题技巧：快速阅读掌握大意。短文改错时应先从头到尾快速读一遍， 了解其大意， 这样有助于了解其中的逻辑关系， 对时态、人称等都心中有数。十行中一般有九行有错误，一行无错，如发现并纠正错误，首要的任务是对全段文字有个整体的理解，阅读中注意句子的时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词或动词短语，注意句子中的名词、数词，以及其他词性的语法要求，注意句子之间的逻辑关系，注意段落的主旨内容，注意整篇短文的中心内容，这样才更加有效地完成改错。在改错过程中，要结合上下文语境来观察，不要只盯住一行。按照上述的原则，对语法、

3、句法、逻辑词义、搭配等诸方面进行综合考查分析并改正错误， 应看上下文中有无逻辑关系上的错误， 有无语法修饰上的错误， 有无惯用法方面的错误。 如果没有发现明显错误， 则分别检查时态、 人称，单复数，主谓一致等各项。检查句与句之间的逻辑关系是否恰当。如有不妥之处，看看是否关联词有问题。整篇做完后，认真检查一遍，注意其中逻辑关系是否合理，时态人称等是否一致。短文改错常见考点：多一词：抽象名词前多一冠词：如：Modern people know more about the health.（去掉 the ）专有名词前多一冠词：如 :the England( 去掉 the ), the Hebei P

4、rovince （去掉the ） , the Beijing Airport（去掉 the ）固定词组中名词前多一冠词：如：go to the school （去掉 the ）, go to the prison （去掉 the ）,at the work （去掉 the ）, in the bed （去掉 the ）, go to the hospital （去掉 the ）, set a fire to sth （去掉 a）., at the first （去掉 the ）, the most of them （去掉 the ）,at the noon（去掉 the ） , make a

5、rapid progress（去掉 a ）， a plenty of（去掉 a ）表示交通工具的和by 连用的名词前多一冠词：如：by the air （去掉 the ） , by the bus （去掉the ） , by the ship （去掉 the ）表示体育活动的名词前；如：play the football （去掉 the ） , play the basketball （去掉 the ）表示节日（常含有Day ）的名词前多一冠词：如：the National Day （去掉the ） , the May Day （去掉 the ）表示 “非常 ”意思的 “most”多一冠词：前

6、如：He is the most hardworking.（去掉the ）某种让步状语从句中名词前面多一冠词：如：A child as he is, he knows a lot.（去掉 a ）在表示时间的“one/ this/ every + 名词 ”的时间状语前多一介词：如：on one day （去掉on ） , on that evening （去掉 on ） , in every week （去掉 in ）某些及物动词因混淆词义而多一介词或副词；如： raise up one s hand（去掉 up ） pick （摘） up apples（去掉 up ） return back(

7、 回来 ) （去掉 back） repeat again（去掉 again） play with them in the match （去掉 with ） marry with the man （去掉 with ） serve for the people （去掉 for ） enter into the room （去掉 into ） I learn English every day to improve it better（去掉better ） .表示地点的副词前多一介词：如： go to there（去掉 to ） drive to home （去掉 to） return to hom

8、e （去掉 to ）某些动词、连词、介词或副词后面多了一个介词：如： because of his left leg was broken （去掉 of ） instead of he developed his love for the theatre （去掉 of ） I looked at but could see nothing. （去掉 at） join in the army （去掉 in ）状语从句和主句间多一并列连词：如： Although he is very busy, but he often helps us with housework.（去掉but ） As th

9、e weather was good, so I decided to go there yesterday.（去掉so）充当状语的分词和主句之间多了并列连词：如： Her husband died, and leaving her three children. （去掉 and ） He sat under the tree and reading a magazine. （去掉 and ）作定语的分词前多一代词：如： The child who reading a book is her brother.（去掉who） How I regretted the hours which was

10、ted in the woods. （去掉 which ）定语从句中多一代词：如： The film that I saw it yesterday is good. （去掉 it ） This is the very book that I am looking for it.（去掉 it） He is the man we talked about him. （去掉 him ）在 “连词 + 分词 ”结构中多一代词：如： While I waiting for a bus, I found a wallet lying on the ground.（去掉waiting 前的 I ） If

11、it heated, ice turns to water. （去掉 it）在某些固定结构中多了“to，”如： I would rather stay at home than to go to the cinema with you.（去掉第一个to） Why not to take a holiday for a good rest? （去掉 to ） She said she would rather not to discuss it right now. （去掉 to ） You had better not to go there. （去掉 to ） I made them to

12、do the cleaning. （去掉 to ） I had him to clean the room. （去掉 to ） We noticed him to walk out of the garden. （去掉 to ） I often hear her to sing the song. （去掉 to ）缺一词：表一类事物的单数可数名词前缺冠词：如：A/The horse is a useful animal.单数可数名词前缺少表示“一 ”的不定冠词，如： There is a library in every town in Britain. Good health is a pe

13、rson s most valuable possession.特指名词前缺定冠词the ,如： Have you read the books by Mark Twain? The book on the desk is mine.作状语的动词不定式缺“to，”如： David and I want to go off to find helpand other organizations are working to improve health all over the world.形容词最高级前缺定冠词the ,如：one of the earliest kinds of moneys

14、uch 或 so 与单数名词连用时不可缺少冠词，如： This is such a good book that I like it. He is so good a student that all the teachers like him.姓氏复数形式（表示一家人或夫妇二人）前面缺一冠词，如：The Turners are watching TV.表示世纪的某个年代前面缺一冠词，如：In the 1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situationin Russi

15、a.表示 “一个名叫的人 ”前缺一冠词，如：AMiss Lee is waiting for you outside.“形容词比较级+ of the two前”缺一冠词，如：He is the taller of the two.某些固定短语中缺一冠词，如：in the end, go to thecinema, in the daytime, on the right抽象名词具体化时前面缺一冠词，如： The meeting held yesterday was a success. It is a famous Chinese tea. The experiment turned out

16、to be a failure.作定语的不定式后缺少必要的介词，如： He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about . I need a pen to write with .一些固定短语或习惯搭配中缺介词，如： He didn t reply to my letter. Are you sure about it? Thousands and thousands of people like watching TV. Dr Wang started to operate on them at onc

17、e. He grasped my hands and asked for my name and address. Just then a man came to me and asked what I was looking for .并列句缺并列连词，如： He was tired and it was getting dark. He asked me to go, so I went. He is old, but he is still strong.名词性从句中缺少必要的连接词，如： That he will come is certain. It is uncertain whe

18、ther he can come or not. We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun. They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again.定语从句中缺少必要的关系代词，如： The police have found the knife with which the man killed his wife. The changes that/ which have taken place are great. Is this t

19、he boy who did the good deed?缺少为避免重复而使用的替代词“that或 those ”，如： The population is much larger than that of Canada. The weather of Beijing is as good as that of Shijiazhuang. The bikes made in Shanghai are better than those made in Beijing.“make, let, have, see, hear, notice, observe, watch 等动词变成”被动语态时缺

20、少 “to，”如： They were made to work fourteen hours a day by the landlord. He was noticed to cross the street.为避免重复而使用的不定式省略形式缺少了to,如： If you dont want to do it, you dontneed. to I wanted to go out, but my mother told me not to . Dont leave the room unless I tell you to .错一词：名词的单复数错误，如： Different people

21、 speak different language.(languagelanguages) We have been to Europe many time .( timetimes) His word were a great encouragement to me. (wordwords) There are branch library in many villages. (librarylibraries)动词时态、语态的错误，如： Last Saturday police cars hurryto the tallest building in New York.( hurryhur

22、ried) Today it is much easier to be healthy than it isin the past.( iswas) Anyone may borrow books, and it costnothing to borrow them. (costcosts)形容词、副词混用错误（修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词、整个句子应用副词，修饰系动词、名词应用形容词）及其他词性错误，如： I m sure we ll havewonderfullyatime together. (wonderfullywonderful) A player s native langua

23、ge is notimportance . (importanceimportant) Also, the sport teaches us the important of obedience. ( importantimportance) Unfortunate , there are too many people(UnfortunateUnfortunately)人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的错误，如： The game speaks for themselves . ( themselvesitself) The Blacks did his best to make me feel

24、 at home. ( histheir)非谓语动词使用错误，如： I was oft en a little tired after a dayworkandswatch TV demandsvery little effort. (watch watching 动名词短语作主语 ) I am looking forward to seeing you and enjoy the talk. (enjoy enjoying, 与 seeing 是平行结构 ) He always went there to have his hair cut and wash.(washwashed, 与 c

25、ut 是 平行结构，采用的是have sth done 结构 )同义词、近义词、形似词错误，如：across 与 through, among 与 between, except 与 besides, like 与as, ago 与 before, accept 与receive, living 与 alive, let 与 allow, lonely与 alone, too与 either, cost、spend、pay 与 take, hard与 hardly, worth 与 worthy, raise 与 rise, likely 与 possible, near 与 nearly,

26、lend与 borrow, job与work, deep 与 deeply, answer与 reply, high 与 highly, sit与 seat, wide与 widely, try与 manage,neither 与 either, so与 such, every day与 everyday, all 与both, every与 each, find与 found （建立）, lie（躺）、lie（撒谎） 与 lay（放置、 生产） , hang（挂）与 hang（绞死） sound 与 voice, place 与 room, forget 与 leave, hope 与 wi

27、sh, call on 与 call at如： I raised my sound so that I could be heard.(sound voice, voice 表示人的嗓音) There isn t anyplace for me in the bus.(place room, room 为不可数名词表示“空间 ”) I forgot my umbrella in the classroom.(forgotleft, leave 表示 “剩留，把某物忘在某地”) I hope you to come earlier next time.(hopewish, hope 后面不能跟

28、“宾语 +动词不定式 ”的复合结构 ) He made such much progress that he was praised by the teacher.(such so, 当 many/ much/few/little表示 “多或少 ”的含义时，前面常用so) I received an invitation but I didnreceive it.(receive accept, accept 表示 “主观接受 ”) You should rise your hand before asking the question. (rise raise, rise是不及物动词， ra

29、ise 是及物动词 )关系词用错，如： I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together.(whenthat, 先行词在定语从句中作宾语) I ll never forget the day that I went abroad myself.(that when, 先行词在定语从句中作时间状语) The tool with that he is working is called a saw.(that which, 介词后面的关系代词不能用that ) If he will come to the ball has nothing to

30、do with me.(If Whether, if 不能引导主语从句) The fact which water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen is undeniable.(which that, that引导同位语从句只起连接作用，不做句子成分)连词使用错误，如：if 与 unless, because 与 for, when 与 while We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. ( and but) If packages of food could be dropped fro

31、m planes, the people might get hungry. (If Unless) He was walking by the sea while he heard a voice for help.(while when, 此时，when 不译作 “当的时候 ”，而表示 “正在时，这时另一件事发生了”。)感叹词用错：what 和 how其他情况：介词使用错误，情态动词使用错误，冠词使用错误等。 短文改错典型习题：This is a extraordinary animal in every way. He is not1._afish,aspeoplemightthink,

32、butamammal.2._Off all the animals this brain comes closest to the3._human brain in all shape and size. He is able to4._send out and imitate( 模仿 )sounds, so some scientist5._declare that they can actually teach them to speak. The6._dolphin( 海豚 )is the only animal which is fond of mans7._company. Ther

33、e are a great deal old stories of a dolphin8._saving human beings or guide ships away from dangerous9._sand banks. He is a creature at many gifts. He also gives10._pleasure to seamen during their off-duty hours by jumpingand racing about in the water.答案与详解：1. a an在以元音开头的单词前应用不定冠词an。2.正确。3. offof由com

34、es closest 可知这里副词close 的最高级。短语of all 常用在最高级中表示范围。句中意为 “在所有的动物中与最接近 ”。副词 off 不能表达此意。4. allboth连词词组bothand用于连接两个对等的成分，即shape 和size.“in both shape and size意”为：在形状与大小两个方面，故all 应改为both。5.scientistscientistssome 后面的可数名词应加s 构成复数形式。6.them him由文中He is 和 The dolphin is 可判断，此处用第三人称单数的宾格形式，即him 。7.which that注意

35、animal 前的修饰词only. 定语从句中，如先行词前有only 修饰，其关系代词用that 。8.deal many句中 stories 为一可数名词，应由 a great many 来修饰。 短语 a great deal of 通常用来修饰不可数名词。9.guide guiding连词 or 常用来连接两个相等的成分， 前者是 saving ，因此 guide 须改成 guiding 。or 常译作 “或者”、 “还是 ”。10. at of根据句意，应改at 为 of 。 of many gifts在句中作定语，修饰a creature, 意为 “具有天赋的动物”。介词 at 不能

36、表达此意。Whatdidweusetodoaftertherewastelevision?1._Weusedtohavehobbies,andgoingoutsideforour2._amusements.Weevenusedtoreadbookandlistento3._musicandbroadcasttalksoccasionally.Allwhich4._belongs to the past. Now all our free time are controlled5._bythe“box”.Werushhomeorgulp(吞)down6._our meals to be in t

37、ime for this and that programme.7._We have even given up sit at table and having a leisurely(从容地 )8._eveningmeal,exchanginganewsoftheday.9._Ifanymemberofthefamilydaretoopen10._his mouth during a programme, he is quickly silenced.答案与详解：1.afterbefore根据上下文可判断，此句的意思为：在没有电视之前我们干些什么呢？2.going goand 连结语法作用相

38、同的单词、短语或句子，前面have 是动词原形，后面go 也要用动词原形。3.book booksbook 是可数名词，此处泛指我们过去有时也读书。应用作复数形式。4.which thatthat 是指示代词，它一般用在all, the only, the same, no 或形容词的最高级后面。5.are istime 作 “时间 ”讲时是一个不可数名词。6.正确。7.and oror 此句意为 “我们囫囵吞下我们的饭，为的是及时去观看这个或那个节目”。此处为选择的意思，不是并列关系。8.sitsitting动词短语give up后应跟名词或名词性的短语，故应用sit 的动名词形式。9.a

39、thenews 是一个不可数名词，故不可用a 修饰。此处指互相交换当天的情况，所以用定冠词。10.dare dares此处 dare 实意动词，它的主语为单数。BymiddaythesunwassuchstrongthatJimcould1._not go any further. There were no tree near the path,so he took a shelter under a big rock. After drinkthe rest of his water, he took off his shirt and rolled themintoapillow.The

40、nhelied5._Itwaslateintheafternoon6._about to sit up when he felt something move near his feet.He looked up. A long snake was about to crawl across hislegs. Jim watched, too terrified not to do anything. Thedownwhenandhe2._3._4._wenttosleep.awoke.Hewas7._8._9._snake moved across his legs, then crawle

41、d and disappear under the rock.10._答案与详解：1.such soso + 形容词 /副词+ that-clause, such + a(an) +名词 +that-clause2.treetrees主语谓语在数上应一致。no trees 相当于not any trees。3.drinkdrinkingdrinking为动名词，其后的the rest of his water为 drink的宾语。4.them it此处应用代词it代替his shirt 。5.liedlay此处为动词形式误用，应特别注意形近词。如：lie( 躺 )-lay-lain, lyin

42、g; lay(放、产卵 ) laid- laid-laying; lie(撒谎) -liedlied- lying。6.正确。7.movemovingmoving 为现在分词做宾补，强调“感觉到有什么东西正在动”。8.up down此处为逻辑错误，句意为：低头看脚下之物。9.去掉 nottooto 意为：太而不能。注意英语惯用法不可受汉语影响。10.disappear disappeared此句中moved, crawled 和 disappeared 为三个并列谓语，故用过去式。John jumped into the river to save a drowningman with no

43、thought for his own safety.WhenIreachedthem,Johnwasverytired.He1._wassotiredthatallofthemmighthave2._drownedifIdidn tcomewiththeboat.3._Together, we got the man to shore, holding on totheboatwithonehandandswamwith4._another.Themanlookeddead,buthisheart5._wasbeating.Johndidallwhathecould6._savethemanwhileIrantothenearesthouse7._tocalladoctor.Atthetimethedoctorcame,8._themanwasabletositup,ashelookedvery9._sick.Thedoctorbroughthimtothehospital,and10._when we called up last night to ask about him, they told ushe would be well in a day or two.答案与详解：1.正确。2.allthembo